474 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
July 2 
[LIVE STOCK\ 
AND DAIRY. 
DAIRYING IN NORTHERN IOWA. 
The best paying-business for the great 
majority of the farmers in this section is 
the cooperative creamery. Wherever the 
milk from a sufficient number of cows is 
guaranteed, and a suitable site can be 
agreed upon, the farmers will organize 
a company and proceed to build a cream¬ 
ery. It takes 60 shares at $50 each to 
raise money enough to build and equip a 
common creamery. It is about seven or 
eight years since the first ones were 
built in this part of the State; now they 
are very common. Kossuth County has 19 
creameries, and shipped 1,828,095 pounds 
of butter in 1896 ; it ranks twelfth among 
Iowa counties in amount of butter ship¬ 
ped, but is down to twenty-sixth in 
amount of butter shipped to the square 
mile of territory. 
Palo Alto County ranks thirteenth in 
total amount, but twelfth in amount 
made per square mile. Palo Alto has 17 
creameries and makes 3,149 pounds of 
butter per square mile. 
In most of the creameries, the milk 
is paid for according to the amount of 
butter fat which is found by the Bab¬ 
cock test; in others, the milk is paid for 
by weight. The people take their milk 
to the creamery as soon as the milking 
is done in the morning ; the night's and 
morning's milk are taken at the same 
time; and during the cooler months of 
the year, many of the smaller farmers 
take their milk every other day. 
When taken to the creamery, the milk 
is heated to an even temperature, and 
run through the separators ; the Jumbo, 
Alpha, United States and Sharpies are 
the ones most used. The cream is run 
into vats, and allowed to ripen for 24 
hours, when it is churned. The farmers 
take 80 per cent as much skim-milk as 
they brought of the new milk, and finish 
filling their milk cans with buttermilk. 
The business is done by the officers of 
a creamery, which consist of a board of 
directors, a secretary, and a treasurer. 
Coal is bought from the mines, a car-load 
at a time, thus the middleman’s profit on 
coal is saved. A butter tub factory at 
Algoua supplies butter tubs at a cost of 
about 23 cents apiece to the nearby 
creameries. In the Summer, a large 
amount of ice is used to keep the cream 
and butter cool. In most places, the 
farmers put this up themselves. 
During the first years, the butter made 
here was nearly all shipped to New York 
City; afterwards the shipments were 
divided, half going to New York and half 
to Chicago, and now it is all sent to 
Chicago, Butter is sent every week in 
refrigerator cars. It is sent by the secre¬ 
taries to commission men, who sell it 
and send the returns. Then all expenses 
are deducted, and the patrons receive the 
remainder. Those who do not own 
shares, are charged five per cent for but¬ 
termaking. The patrons receive their 
pay every month, and usually buy their 
butter at the creamery. The head but- 
termalrers receive from $50 to $65 per 
month; learners and second men from 
nothing to $32 per month. Some country 
creameries build houses for the butter- 
makers, and give them their use, or rent 
them very cheap. 
The creamery business has its draw¬ 
backs, however ; the worst is the muddy 
roads. The ground here is a level prairie, 
with many sloughs and swales or ponds. 
These are bridged over and graded 
across, but the soil is a black alluvial 
loam, and when the water is high, it be¬ 
comes soaked through and through, the 
constant travel wears great chuck-holes 
in the grades and the soil sticks so that 
sometimes one cannot see between the 
wagon spokes. Can not some good person 
give us a solution of the road problem ? 
Each of the farmers living within a 
jmile or two of the creamery hauls his 
own milk, but in good weather, those 
living farther exchange hauling. In 
rainy weather, nearly every one has to 
go for himself. Some take the milk on 
stone-boats, others make carts of the 
hind ends of their wagons, and still 
others take four horses. 
Pasture here lasts only five months of 
the year. The silo has not yet made its 
appearance. Most of the farms contain 
160 acres, and most of the farmers sell 
from them about $300 worth of milk 
possible butter yield, was, without ques¬ 
tion, the first step towards the founda¬ 
tion of dairies from which it is possible 
to secure such results in milk production. 
As to the breeds from which this milk is 
supplied, they are in the main the grades 
of the two dairy breeds, the Guernseys 
and the Jerseys, the latter breed largely 
predominating throughout most of this 
territory. k. j. b. 
Delaware County, N. Y. 
GUERNSEYS. 
72S pur •bred Guernsey* at the beat Americas 
»ad Island breeding?. Butter average, whole 
herd, 318 pounds per head. No catalogue- Come 
and make your own selection. 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
RUIN EC I, IFF, N. Y. 
AT FARMERS’ PRICES! 
Two Registered Jersey Bull Calves 
from superior dairy cows. 
It. F. SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa 
(that goes to the creamery) per j 7 ear. 
Palo Alto County. Ia. c. m. h. 
THE FIVE-PER-CENT COW. 
HER HOME IN DELAWARE COUNTY, N. Y. 
Dairies of 20 to 50 cows or more giving 
a good yield of milk that will test five 
per cent of butter fat by the Babcock 
test, are not an unusual thing in Dela¬ 
ware County. Dairies of this class are 
almost distinctively a product of the last 
decade, and are very nearly a distinctive 
production of this county. This is par¬ 
ticularly true of that section of the 
county near the village of Hobart and 
furnishing milk to the widely known 
Sheffield Farms Creamery. Here is re¬ 
ceived a daily supply of about 10,000 
quarts of milk, making an average test 
of five per cent or a little over. Other 
establishments in this vicinity are re¬ 
ceiving nearly an equal amount of milk of 
about the same quality, and all through 
the county may be found individual 
dairies, numbering anywhere from 10 or 
12 cows up to 40 or 50, that will make an 
equal showing in quality of milk. 
It may be interesting to look into some 
of the causes that have led to the great 
change whereby our dairymen are able 
to supply milk of a quality so far above 
that of the legal standard. The almost 
unanimous opinion given by those I have 
interviewed, is that the improvement is 
due primarily to breed and feed. While 
all place considerable stress on the first 
of these, as perhaps the leading essential 
for production of five-per-cent milk, they 
are not so well agreed as to the influence 
of the feed in the power to change the 
proportion of butter fat. Many of them 
agree, and bring arguments from their 
own experience to prove, that the quality 
and kind of grain fed do very largely 
affect the richness of the milk, while 
others believe that it is only within very 
narrow limits that it is possible to change 
the quality; that under any ordinary 
conditions, the five-per-cent cow will be 
a five-per-cent cow, and the 3% or four- 
per-cent cow cannot, by any system of 
feeding, be raised above that standard. 
On one point, however, all are fairly 
well agreed, and that is that it is only 
by great care in selection and testing of 
the individual animals constituting the 
dairy, that it is possible to maintain the 
desired standard. The Babcock test has 
been a factor of much importance in this 
matter of testing the dairies, and is un¬ 
questionably a great boon to the farmers 
of this dairy region. 
Mr. L. B. Halsey of the Sheffield Farms, 
in a recent address before a farmers’ in¬ 
stitute, said “There is a name among 
those who have proved themselves as 
benefactors of the farmer among the 
scientists that, from our dairymen at 
least, is entitled to the highest respect, 
and that is the name of Prof. Babcock, 
the inventor of the Babcock test. While 
in this locality the use of this instrument 
has, perhaps, become more nearly gen¬ 
eral than in almost any other dairy re¬ 
gion, yet I believe that, even here, you 
have only just begun in the benefits to 
be derived from its use.” 
This opinion is, I believe, generally 
sustained by those best qualified to judge, 
so far as their attention has been directed 
to the subject. The fact that, through¬ 
out the greater share of this territory 
now producing the class of milk under 
consideration, the attention of our dairy¬ 
men has for many years been directed to 
the development of a class of butter- 
producing dairies giving the largest 
FEEDING CATTLE IN MISSOURI. 
WHAT STOCK AND WHAT FEED ? 
A reader In Missouri talks of buying cattle in 
Kansas City to fatten and ship East. He wants 
to know first, what kind of cattle it would be best 
Spring Pigs from 100 Reg. 
Poland China, Berkshire and 
Chester Whites. Mated not 
akin. Choice bred sows, Serv¬ 
ice Boars. Poultry. Write us 
for free circular and bottom 
prices. Hamilton & Co., Cochranville. Chester Co.,Pa 
for him to buy for this purpose, and what age? 
How long should he feed them, and how much 
total gain in pounds per head can he expect to 
make? What grade of animal would you 
select for this feeding? The following table 
gives the price per ton of cattle feed on his farm 
in Missouri: 
Old-process oil meal.$17.50 
Cotton-seed meal. 18.00 
Bran. 8.00 
Thrashed oats . St.00 
Husked com, In ear. 8.50 
Clover hay, No. 1. 4.00 
Sheaf oats. 4.00 
Corn fodder, ears off.50 
Com ensilage. 1.25 
Which of these feeds here given would you select, 
and how would you proportion them for the steers 
as the. feeding progressed ? 
Use Improved Breeds. —I am not a 
cattle feeder, but a Short-horn breeder, 
and have had no experience in feeding 
cattle for market. There is one point 1 
can cover, however, and that is that 
good grades of the principal beef breeds 
are certain to make better returns for 
feed consumed than any other class of 
cattle. The only question is the price 
yonr correspondent would have to pay 
for them, compared to the price of a 
lower grade of steers. n. p. NORTON. 
Council Grove, Kan. 
Well-Bred Herefords. —I think the 
most profitable steers to feed would be 
good natives ; the more high-grade Ilere- 
fords he could get, without paying too 
big a premium, the better. Next to a 
Hereford, I prefer an Aberdeen-Angus, 
high grade. The best results I have 
ever obtained were when I fed corn meal, 
bran and a little oil meal proportioned 
as follows; 300 pounds of corn meal, 100 
(Continued on next patje.) 
Jayne's Expectorant is a sovereign remedy for 
Coughs—has been known as such for nearly three- 
quarters of a century. It clears the Bronchial 
"7 buys a pure Poland-China Boar, 10 weeks old, 
/ with long, deep, square body. As good as 
western breeders ask $15 for. Write 
F. H. GATES & SONS, Chittenango, N. Y. 
Poland-China Ho|t"S™S^»Jsr^5S 
but first-class Pigs shipped on order, and satisfaction 
guaranteed. J. L. VAN DOIiEN, Crestvuo, Ohio. 
C OLLIE PUPS and BERKSHIRE PIGS— 
From Registered stock. Circulars free. 
SILAS DECKER. South Montrose, Pa. 
THE IMPROVED 
Cata¬ 
logue 
4 cents 
VICTOR 
NCUBATOR 
Hatches Chickens by Steam 
'Absolutely self-rcg iilntinc. 
The simplest, most reliable, 
and cheapest hrst-clnse Hatchei 
in the market. Circulars free. 
OEO. ERTEh GO.. Ouincv.Ili- 
IF YOUR CHICKENS 
heads and see why. XjA.MBjHH.T'S 
DEATH TO LICE OINTMENT will 
fix them quick and brighten the brood*. 
100 doses XOc. postpaid. Book Free. 
D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307, Apponaug, R. I. 
1 Ws toey r»oryt>A*A 1* th* FOSUMPaHT UCWT9L ’ 
Fiaslag, treed, XaemMtero, Live Bteek, •reoders < 
1 —anything—it’* our business. Call or lot us 1 
> send yon onr illustrated catalogue—It’s free for • 
i the asking—It’s worth having. 
• Excelsior Wire and Poultry Supply Co., 
28 Vesey Street, New York City. 
Cooper Dip 
Champion of tin* 
World for ss year*. 
Superior to all others. 
If no local agent, send $1.75 
for 100 gal. pkt to 
CYRIL FRANCKLYN, Cotton Ex., New York, N. Y. 
SUCCESSFUL DAIRYMEN use one cent’s worth 
passages, and heals the lungs. 
For constipation lake Jayne’s 
Pills.— Adv. 
’ainless Sanative 
Horse Owners! Use 
GOMBAULT’S 
Caustic 
Balsam 
i Safe Speedy and Positive Core 
The Safest, Best BLISTER ever used. Takes 
,be place of all liniments for mild or severe action. 
Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horses 
ind Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 
OR FIRING- Impossible to produce scar or blemish. 
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price $1.50 per bottle. Sold by druggists, or 
lent by express, charges paid, with full directions 
tor its use. Send for descriptive circulars. 
CUE LAWRBNCE-W1LLIAMS CO., Cleveland _Q 
New York State 
Veterinary College. 
Established at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., 
by Chapter I S3, Laws of 1894 , 
The best equipment for scientific and practical in¬ 
struction for undergraduates and postgraduates. Most 
variea practice for students in the free clinics. Regu¬ 
lar graded course, thiee years of nine months each. 
Highest requirements for matriculation and graduation. 
Entrance by Regents' “Veterinary Student Certifi¬ 
cate," or by examination Sept. 13, 1898. Instruction 
begins Sept. 22, 1898. 
Tuition free to New York State students. 
For extended announcement address 
Professor JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., Director. 
SHOO-FLY 
Saves 3 quarts milk daily if used In time. 
NO KL1ES. TICKS, VKRMIN Oil SORES O.V COWS. 
Thousands duplicate 10 gallons. Beware of imitations. 
“ I have used several so-called • Cattle Comforts,’ 
none equnl to SHOO-FLY. It is effective and 
cheap." F. E. IIawley. Fayetteville,N.Y., Treas¬ 
urer of the N. Y. State Dairymen’s Association. 
Send 25c. Money refunded if cow is not protected. 
Shoo-Fly Meg. Co., 1006 Fairmount Ave., Phila., Pa 
’TIS FOLLY 
To lose the use of vour Horse for a single day. If the 
Horse is SORE, CHAFED or GALLED 
Moore Bros.’ Gall Powder 
Will effect a CURE IN HARNESS, or Money Re¬ 
funded. Price 50c. and $1 per Can by mall, postpaid. 
MOORE BROS., Veterinary Surgeons, Albany, N.Y 
KNOCKED IT OUT 
Inthe First Round. 
Microbes are responsible for 
lots of misery. They cause the 
HOC CHOLERA, 
CHICKEN ROUP, 
SHEEP SCAB and 
FOOT ROT. 
CbloroRaptDokum 
PUTS MICROBES TO SLEEP 
so they will never wake up. Will heal sores and bruises 
quickly. Wo have direct branches In the principal cities 
of the U. S. from whence goods aro shipped. We will 
send you a sample gallon, freight prepaid. $1.50. 
Agency is worth having. Write for full particulars. 
WEST DISINFECTING CO., 212 E. 57th St., New York. 
EUREKA 
NEST BOX., 
It Tells You 
■which Hens Lay. 
I have Just issued a handsome little book of 
_ _ _ testimonials written by prominent men who 
have built and used the EUREKA NEST BOX. Here are two of them : 
From the “Country GentlemanAlbany. 
"The Eureka Nest Box is the best of the 
kind we have ever seen.” 
IT’S EASY TO BUILD. 
From the “Poultry Monthly. 
“ It enables the poultryman to establish a 
perfect egg record and pedigree.” 
1 SELL THE PLANS. 
HART NEST FARM, Box 86, Framingham, Mass. 
BREEDERS WHO WISH TO SELL 
Yearling Holstein Bulls, Jersey Cows and Yearling-Bulls; Guernsey Calves, Heifers and Cows, 
should subscribe at once to our Breeders’ Exchange Write for particulars. Any one wishing 
Duroc-Jersey Swine should write us. „ _ , „ „ 
AMERICAN LIVE-STOCK COMPANY, 24 State Street, New York, N. Y, 
