1898 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
475 
Live Stock and Dairy. 
(CONTINUED.) 
pounds of bran, 25 pounds of oil meal. I 
start my steers by feeding two quarts a 
day to each steer, feeding morning and 
evening, and gradually increase the feed, 
taking about 30 days to get them on to a 
full feed, that is, giving them about all 
they will eat twice a day. I believe it 
pays to make the cattle good before ship¬ 
ping them, say five to six months’ feed, 
and I prefer good, well-grown steers 
about 30 to 36 months old. On this feed, 
with corn fodder and prairie hay as 
roughness, I have made an average gain 
of three pounds per day per head on 52 
steers for 150 days. c. A. stannard. 
Hope, Kan. 
Some Sensible Advice.—A person with 
so little knowledge of the kind of cattle 
he should feed and what he should feed 
them, as the inquiry would seem to in¬ 
dicate, would better let cattle feeding 
alone under the conditions that now 
prevail, as the result would inevitably 
be a loss to him, unless there is a greater 
advance in the market than we have any 
reason to anticipate. The high price of 
feeding cattle has made it close work 
with experienced feeders for the last two 
years, and many of those, even, have lost 
money, even where they raised their own 
feed. Should, however, your correspond¬ 
ent decide in the face of these conditions 
to make the experiment, I would advise 
him to have personal interviews with a 
few experienced feeders, from whom he 
can learn much more in a few minutes’ 
conversation than can be given in a 
newspaper article. c. a. comstock. 
Albany, Mo. 
PROXIES AND THE DORSET SHEEP 
BREEDERS. 
A. S. Eagleson, in the Stockman and 
Farmer, gives a lively account of the 
way business was conducted by the old 
Dorset Sheep breeders’ Association. The 
secretary, M. A. Cooper, came to the 
meeting with 75 proxy votes out of a 
total of 138. There wasn’t much use for 
the other members to attend the meet¬ 
ing, and no wonder Mr. Eagleson makes 
this suggestion : 
I would suggest that when the time cornea 
arouud to give notice of the next annual meet¬ 
ing, the secretary use a notice something like the 
following: 
To A— B—: 
M (e) A (ml) Cooper, with what proxies I can 
gather in the meantime, will hold the next an¬ 
nual meeting of T. D H. S. B. A. O. A. at the 
Secretary’s office in Washington, Washington 
County, Pa., on., 1898. No others 
need apply. .Secretary. 
This plan would certainly commend itself on 
the score of economy. It would save to the 
Association the railroad fare and hotel bills of 
the officers, the expense of the annual banquet, 
which did not materialize at Cleveland, and it 
would save to the few other members who have 
the audacity or temerity to attend, their railroad 
fares and other expenses. 
This proxy voting will, in time, kill 
any stock association, for it will throw 
the whole power into the hands of a few 
breeders who will use the society for 
their own purposes. 
AILING ANIMALS. 
ANSWERS BY DR. F. L. KILBORNK. 
Symptoms of Glanders and Farcy. 
I buy many condemned horses, and slaughter 
them for fish food. I would avoid receiving any 
animals affected with glanders, or any other 
contagious disease. How can an ordinarily in¬ 
telligent person recognize a case of glanders? 
East Orland, Maine. c. o. a. 
The characteristic symptoms of glanders are, 
1, A viscid, more or less glairy, nasal discharge, 
usually chronic, which gums the hairs of the 
nostril together. 2, Ulceration of the mucous 
membrane of the nose, usually to be seen on the 
nasal septum by raising and dilating the nostril, 
and looking well up into the nose. The examina¬ 
tion can be more satisfactorily made if a hand 
mirror or lens be used to reflect the sunlight up 
the nostril. 3, An enlarged nodular condition of 
the two lymphatic glands in the intermaxillary 
space, well up on the inside of each jaw. 4, An 
elevation in temperature of one to three degrees 
F. The normal temperature of the horse at rest 
is 99.5 to 100 degrees F. During or sot a after ex¬ 
ercise, the normal temperature may be one to 
one and a-half degrees higher. 5, The form of 
glanders known as farcy or skin glanders is 
recognized by small ulcers or suppurating 
tumors, known as farcy buds or buttons, one- 
half to one inch in diameter (rarely occurring as 
larger swellings or abscesses) occurring on vari¬ 
ous parts of the body, but mainly on one or more 
of the legs; and discharging a viscid, glairy 
secretion streaked with yellowish purulent mat¬ 
ter and fluid. 
The presence of one or more of these symptoms 
should arouse your suspicion of glanders. If 
either ulceration of the nasal septum, or the 
farcy buttons are present, the case is pretty cer¬ 
tainly one of glanders. You would, also, do well 
to avoid any horse having any two or more of 
these symptoms, as liable to be glandered. Any 
one or all of these symptoms may be absent, still 
the horse be suffering from glanders. There are 
a great many irregular forms or cases of the 
glanders in which the lesions are internal or very 
obscure, requiring an expert to recognize the 
disease. While in a few cases, even the expert 
is compelled to resort to the mullein test for 
glanders, before a positive diagnosis can be 
made. There should be very little, if any, gland¬ 
ers in Maine. Should you find a supposed case, 
you will do well to report it to your State veterin¬ 
arian. 
Inflammation of Eyelids in a Horse. 
I have a horse about 12 years old, bought three 
years ago. Every Spring as soon as the weather 
gets warm, his eyes till up with matter. The lids 
are inflamed and swollen some. The sight seems 
to be perfectly clear. Last Summer, I put calomel 
in his eyes, also salt, and washed them in salt 
water. Some think that he will go blind. Do 
you think that he will ? He also has a bad cough, 
but never had it until two years ago, after eat¬ 
ing clover hay that was dusty. What shall I do 
for him? The horse has not been worked any 
since I owned him, only in a buggy, and has had 
the best of care. p. d. c. 
Kentucky. 
Bathe the eyes frequently with a solution of 
acetate of lead, one dram; morphia, 30 grains; 
boiled soft water, one quart. If the horse is used 
in the sunshine, it would be well to fasten a 
covering over the eyes so as to protect them from 
the bright light. For treatment of the cough, 
see Chronic Cough in a Horse, page 379. 
FORKFULS OF FACTS. 
Dky sand makes a good hen’s nest. It is clean, 
and the hens like it. 
Central Ohio is said to be short of young 
cattle, and stock is being brought from Canada 
to eat the grass on Ohio farms. 
Carbolated vaseline is a fine dressing for sore 
horse shoulders where the skin is broken. Keep 
the collars clean, and wash the shoulders with 
cold water. 
An English veterinarian claims that idle horses 
are seldom attacked with colic when properly 
fed. Generally, colic attacks horses when very 
tired or heated. 
The Breeders’Gazette claims that the best time 
to dishorn is when the animal is a calf or three 
years old or upwards. The worst possible age is 
from yearlings to two-year-olds. 
It is said that Devon cattle are being super¬ 
seded in the southeast of England by Jersey and 
Guernsey grades. It is claimed that the latter 
breeds do not give as fine a sample of the Devon¬ 
shire clotted cream, but they give more cream to 
an equal amount of food 
A writer in the Breeders’ Gazette claims that 
breeding pigs for Fall and Winter will be sure to 
reduce the size of the animals. Breeders of Ban¬ 
tams and dwarf dogs and ponies, understand the 
value of Winter breeding for checking growth. 
Get the young stock started early. 
Henry Stewart, of North Carolina, writes: 
•‘Have just dressed a common lamb but four 
months old, dressed weight, 37 pounds. Sheep 
had no hand feeding last Winter; out on pasture 
all the time.” One of the wonders of the present 
age is*why the southern mountains and old fields 
are not covered with sheep. 
A New Cooperative Creamery will be opened at 
Hobart, Delaware County, N. Y., about Septem¬ 
ber 1. The building, 38 x 70 feet, with ice-house 
26 x 44 feet, is to be equipped with the most im¬ 
proved machinery. The cost of the plant, $6,000, 
is covered by 60 shares of stock at $100 each. 
Within a radius of three miles, there are, prob¬ 
ably, 3,000 cows, many herds averaging as high 
as five per cent butter fat for the year. 
It is said that horsemen are surprised to And 
how few first-class draught stallions are left in 
the country. The past few years have been hard 
on breeders, and this class of horses has suffered 
in consequence. Now that the Government is in 
the market for heavy horses, there is a rush to 
breed more of them, and it is found that there 
are not enough stallions to go ’round. Probably, 
imports of draught stallions from Europe will 
be largely increased during the next six months. 
One of the worst things that southern stock 
raisers have to contend with is the acclimation 
or Texas fever, which attacks, with deadly effect, 
northern cattle carried to the South. Bulletin 
No. 42, of the Mississippi Experiment Station 
(Agricultural College), discusses this matter, 
and gives the results of a number of experiments 
in handling cattle. It was hoped that they might 
be able to cure animals by inoculating them with 
blood serum taken from so-called immune ani¬ 
mals. The results of these experiments indicate 
that this treatment, as they practice it, has no 
effect in preventing or curing Texas fever. The 
Veterinarian also says: “Our experiments fur¬ 
nish us additional evidence, however, that the 
cattle tick is the agent forj transmitting the 
disease, and that valuable breeding animals can 
be brought south at any time with little danger 
of contracting acclimation fever, provided they 
are kept free from ticks by placing in uninfected 
inclosures. Such animals should be regularly 
and carefully examined for ticks, and the legs 
and soft skin of the bodv occasionally oiled.” 
Box for Brood Sow.—-A good farmer recently 
told me about a box he makes for brood sows. 
It is made large enough for her to get into easily 
It is like a hen coop, made three-sided, or any 
shape on the ground, the object being to have it 
high in the center, and low arouud the edges, so 
the pigs can get under the edges and the mother 
can’t get on to them. He says that not a pig has 
been killed by being lain on since he commenced 
using these boxes. j. c. n. 
Grass Lake, Mich. 
Vai,ue of Dry Fodder.— The associate editor 
of Hoard’s Dairyman says: “Did you ever haul 
a load of dry, last year’s or year before, straw- 
through a nice, fresh pasture where the cows 
were, and see them come up and appear to be 
hungry—fairly ravenous—for it, as though it was 
the very best fodder in the world ? A cow likes a 
change. In connection with ensilage, she needs 
some dry fodder. I think clover hay is better 
than straw, if you have it, but if you haven’t it, 
give her straw' or a little Timothy bay. If you 
haven’t either, I would prefer to save a little of 
the corn outside, and make stover and give her 
that,” 
It is said that stock raising is growing to be a 
large industry in southwestern Georgia. Cattle 
have always been raised there, but in the past 
eight months, it is said that 65,000 head have been 
shipped to Texas and Indian Territory. There is 
no reason why these cattle should be sent out of 
the State to be finished. Georgia farmers ought 
to fatten the cattle and send them directly north 
for slaughter, or even slaughter them at home. 
There is no reason why the South should not pro¬ 
duce large herds of beef cattle. The mild climate 
and long seasons for pasturing are all favorable, 
and the supplies of cotton seed give cheap grain 
food. 
We have a cow with a teat which is hard to 
get milk from, in fact, could not get milk from it 
without using a milk tube. Milk runs freely after 
the milk tube is inserted, but we can hardly get 
the tube in the teat. The stoppage seems to be in 
the end of the teat and the udder doesn’t seem to 
be affected. What treatment do you advise for it ? 
Ballston, N. Y. a. b. r. 
Ans.—T he sphincter muscles which close the 
opening to the teat are too tight. A good veteri¬ 
narian could easily cut them so as to remedy the 
trouble. Plugs of wood or rubber are sometimes 
used to enlarge the opening, but you would better 
not attempt to doctor it. 
Building a Creamery.—A man is in this sec¬ 
tion trying to get the farmers to take shares in a 
cooperative creamery, with 40 shares at IKK) per 
share. The headquarters, he claims, are in 
Elgin, Ill., and Chicago. He claims that they will 
get one-fourth more butter, and pay 11 cents more 
per pound than we are getting now, which is 
eight cents. Is it a good investment? c. b. a. 
Coshocton County, O. 
It. N.-Y.—Very likely, this is a case of creamery 
shark. The earmarks are the high price ($4,000) 
and the claims that he can get 25 per cent more 
butter and more than twice as much money for 
it. A well-managed cooperative creamery is a 
good thing in a community where there is milk 
enough to support it and where patrons are 
friendly. For a creamery of moderate size, $4,000 
is too much. 
Guaranteed All Right 
There are thousands 
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United States who 
use 
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The machines are in 
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and the best guaran¬ 
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number sold con¬ 
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Where they are best known is where 
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T U=1 Elgin, Ill. 
Omaha, Neb. 
•" ' Dubuque, Iowa. 
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w .'tSc PERFECTION 
MILK COOLER AND AERATOS? 
IS USED. 
5,'llas the largest cooling surface ’ 
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L.R. LEWIS, Mfr. Cortland, M. Y. 
Top Price Butter. 
The kind that a fancy private 
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A PEDIGREE 
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