1898 
Live Stock and Dairy. 
( CONTINUED.) 
our dairy first started, January, 1897, the 
dairymen attempted, by cutting' prices, 
to prevent us securing trade. We gave 
then, as now, 12 and 14 quarts for$l. 
Some gave as high as 25 and 28 quarts 
for SI. and one or two wholesaled milk 
at 10 and 12 cents per gallon. Our trade 
has constantly grown, because we sell 
clean milk, and guarantee six per cent 
of butter fat. I don’t think that every 
Jersey cow will do for our herd. The 
age of the calf and the Babcock are the 
agents we rely upon. We have one cow 
of 10 per cent, and one heifer of 7.5 per 
cent. We require that a cow’s milk 
show six per cent with a calf not older 
than three months. 
The success of the dairy is the first 
consideration ; the ability to breed a 
heifer that will give more milk of as 
good or better quality than her dam is 
the second, but the heifers that we have 
raised ourselves are raw-boned, and not 
things of beatity. The development of 
animals for a special purpose has been a 
subject of deep study to me for 20 years. 
We have one cow, raised by ourselves, 
that has churned four pounds five ounces 
of butter in one day. We spent two 
months by the aid of belladonna and 
other agents in a vain endeavor to dry 
that cow up this year. A cow is devel¬ 
oped as well as bred. The development 
begins as a calf. She must be fed those 
elements that cause her to grow, but the 
organization must never be permitted to 
take on fat. When she is preparing for 
parturition, she must be fed those ele¬ 
ments that make milk machinery ; with¬ 
out the machine, she cannot make the 
milk. I have taken the progeny of small, 
fine-boned animals, and by the aid of its 
nutrition, produced a large, raw-boned 
animal, that bore no resemblance to 
its ancestors, or immediate parentage. 
Seven-tenths of the Jersey cows are not 
worth dragging home, for lack of devel¬ 
opment ; a good Jersey is, by far, the 
greatest cow on earth. 1 would rather 
have a grade or poorly-bred animal well- 
developed than a high-bred one badly 
developed. The ordinary farmer, either 
neglects his animal or fills it full of 
grain ; one he stunts, the other acquires 
the habit of taking on fat, and the re¬ 
sult is poor stock, which are no good. 1 
have no conception of what the Jersey 
would be, cultivated through four or five 
generations for the purpose intended, in 
an intelligent manner. texan. 
Dallas. 
DR. JAMES LAW ON TUBERCULOSIS. 
A REPLY TO MR. PARKER. 
In a communication from Chas. E. 
Parker, in Tjie It. N.-Y. of June 25, some 
questions are raised in connection with 
the use of tuberculin, in such a manner 
as to reflect injuriously on the value of 
that agent. The writer asks why Dr. 
La w does not use tuberculin as “ first 
advised by Koch ”. The all-sutticient an¬ 
swer is that it can be employed to better 
purpose. A number of tuberculous sub¬ 
jects will improve under Koch’s use of 
tuberculin, as some tuberculous cattle 
do living in the open air at pasture ; but 
all do not recuperate under either treat¬ 
ment. On the contrary, the reaction 
which occurs under the first use of tuber¬ 
culin tends toe often to aggravate the 
existing tuberculosis, and thus to hasten 
an untoward result. Koch's method is 
only admissible when undertaken by 
the owner of the stock himself, and with 
full knowledge of all its drawbacks. It 
cannot be justified as a measure to be 
applied by State or local authority, with¬ 
out such authorization and approval of 
the owner. For the same reason pre¬ 
cisely, in my opinion, the use of tuber¬ 
culin is morally forbidden, to a State or 
local authority, to be used for the dis¬ 
covery of latent cases of tuberculosis, 
unless such authority stanc.s ready to 
destroy the animal which has been 
proved tuberculous, and to reimburse the 
owner for the loss. In other words, 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
491 
State slaughter and indemnity must be 
the inseparable accompaniments of the 
State use of tuberculin as a compulsory 
measure. Any other course is unjust. If 
the State cannot or will not indemnify 
the owner, it is by every rule of right 
debarred from using tuberculin com¬ 
pulsorily as a diagnostic agent. 
That a certain number of cases recover 
at Summer pasturage is admitted, but 
an indiscriminate turning of all sus¬ 
pected and healthy cases into one pas¬ 
ture, and on the return of Winter, into 
one yard or close stable, is only a means 
of preserving and propagating the dis¬ 
ease, for assuredly, all do not recover, 
and when sound and unsound are again 
huddled together into a close building, 
the infected have ample opportunity to 
transmit the infection. Educated judg¬ 
ment is wanted here as in the association 
of tuberculin diagnosis with slaughter 
and indemnity, and when we would aim 
at amelioration and recovery, we must 
separate the sound from the unsound, 
and not expose the animals that are 
above suspicion to such as are the 
bearers of infection. But to make a 
satisfactory separation, we must resort 
to tuberculin, and the question again 
arises, whether a State can enforce this 
test, when it is not prepared to put an 
end to all sources of infection which it 
may expose. The method is manifestly 
better adapted to private use than to 
enforced application by the State. 
Mr. Parker alleges that three per cent 
of the Massachusetts cattle killed for 
tuberculosis were sound. If so, Massa¬ 
chusetts has been somewhat unfortun¬ 
ate, but with a large experience in the 
matter, I doubt somewhat the correct¬ 
ness of the conclusion. Nocard, in his 
earlier essays with tuberculin, was in¬ 
clined to an opinion somewhat like that 
of Mr. Parker; but with fuller experi¬ 
ence, concluded that, in nearly all cases, 
tubercle was actually present, but had 
been overlooked. This is the general 
opinion of all who have carefully studied 
the matter. 
There are, of course, cases in which 
reaction occurs under tuberculin in non- 
tubereulous animals, but these the care¬ 
ful operator must guard against. The 
near approach of parturition is a com¬ 
mon cause. In the case of a herd of 150 
recently tested by the writer, over half 
a dozen of the cows which were about to 
calve gave a reaction, while the whole 
herd besides furnished no ground for 
suspicion. Yet even this parturient re¬ 
action is far from being the rule. In 
1,000 cows heavy with calf recently 
tested at Pittsburgh, only six showed a 
reaction. Not all calving cows react, 
but, if one should do so, it cannot safely 
be charged to tuberculosis. 
Mr. Parker thinks that he has the best 
of evidence that 75 per cent of the cases 
of tuberculosis are harmless through the 
meat or milk, and that bovine tuber¬ 
culosis cannot be transmitted to man, 
therefore, he has no doubt that it will 
yet be proved that man is in no danger 
of contracting tuberculosis from cattle. 
He quotes Dr. Theobald Smith as having 
said that the bacilli from human sputum 
cannot be considered as specially dan 
gerous to cattle under ordinary circum¬ 
stances. This, I submit, is simply beg¬ 
ging the question. Let him get from 
Dr. Smith, over his own signature, the 
statement that the tubercle bacillus from 
man cannot be inoculated on the ox, and 
that the tubercle bacillus of the ox can¬ 
not be inoculated on man, and his state¬ 
ment will have some foundation. 
Any one who has attempted to start 
cultures of the bacillus on artificial media 
knows that he must expect failure in 
many cases, yet, that, when it has once 
started to grow on a suitable medium, 
he can count on easy and certain trans¬ 
mission to each successive culture fluid. 
Similarly, in passing the bacillus from 
one genus of animal to another, he finds 
that the transmission is not, by any 
means, always so certain as if he had 
continued it from animal to animal of 
the same genus. When, however, it has 
infected an animal of a different genus 
from that from which it was taken, it is 
usually readily transmitted to other 
animals of the genus last infected. 
JAMES LAW. 
(To be contin ued.) 
FORKFULS OF FACTS. 
E. M. Gillbt, of Bacon Hall Farm, Maryland, 
is a preat believer in the Dorset sheep. He backs 
up his belief in a practical way, and sells year¬ 
ling rams to responsible parties with the under¬ 
standing that, if they are killed by dogs, he will 
refund the money. This is certainly a practical 
way of backing up the argument that Dorset 
rams are doff killers. 
The new War Revenue bill levies a tax on 
proxy votes, that is to say, when a member of an 
organization forwards a signed authority for 
another person to vote for him, a tax of 20 cents 
must be paid before the vote can be passed. This 
is a good thing, and will work well in a case like 
that of the old Dorset Sheep Breeders’ Associa¬ 
tion, where the secretary carries in his pocket a 
majority of proxy votes, and thus conducts mat¬ 
ters to suit himself. It will cost him some money 
to carry out his pet scheme hereafter, in any 
event. 
Roller in the Silo.—Two years ago, Prof C. s. 
Plumb told our readers about the great dairy 
farm at Greenwood, Ind., where ensilage was 
made from pea vines and pods. There is a pea¬ 
canning factory at that place, and after the peas 
are thrashed from the pods, the vines are carried 
to a big cutter and chopped into a silo which is 
really an immense shed, 43 x 48 feet, and 18 feet 
high. The Jersey Bulletin now says that a new 
device has been started this year. As the chopped 
vines are carried into the silo, half a dozen men 
spread them evpnly over the surface. Then the 
whole thing is crushed down by a heavy farm 
roller drawn by a team weighing 3,000 pounds. 
This roller weighs 750 pounds, and on top of It 
are 1,800 pounds of stone and two 175-pound men. 
This is kept going day and night, and it crushes 
the ensilage down into a solid mass. The Jersey 
Bulletin found over 1,200 tons of the vines in the 
silo. This is the first year the roller has been used, 
and it is expected that the ensilage will keep 
better for this rolling than ever before. 
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