THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 16 
36 
THE OHIO STATE HORTICULTURAL 
MEETING. 
Part III. 
Thorough thinning of the apples upon the 
trees in the old orchard at Wooster work¬ 
ed wonders in the increased size and qual¬ 
ity of the fruit as well as in giving greater 
quantity in actual bushels. Apple twig- 
blight was very severe the past season at 
the station. Among the varieties most re¬ 
sistant are Winesap, Gravenstein, Arkan¬ 
sas Black and Mammoth Black Twig. 
Wealthy, Belmont and Smith’s Cider were 
among those most susceptible. The straw¬ 
berry crop at the station was very much 
injured by the cold of April and May. It 
w r as noted that the damage to buds just 
ready to open was equally as great as to 
the fully developed flowers. Early varie¬ 
ties ripened where unmulched several days 
in advance of those on mulched beds. The 
Sample did not do so well the past season 
at the station. Parson’s Beauty was rath¬ 
er dull in color and Dunlap ran small at 
the last of the season. August Luther 
quite small, Marie promising, Johnson’s 
Early taking the lead among the earlies. 
Kitty Rice, formerly Downing's Bride, is 
prolific and of good form and size. Among 
red raspberries King seems to stand alone 
as the healthiest and best. The culture of 
strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, 
currants and gooseberries was treated re¬ 
spectively by Farnsworth, Ballou, Scarff 
and Montgomery, who have succeeded in 
these special lines. 
Prof. Beach also spoke upon '‘Principles 
and Rules in Orchard Management.” He 
condemned the old rule of cutting out the 
central stem of a tree to admit the sun¬ 
light to the head, and advised letting in 
the sunlight by some more careful way. 
He also ridiculed the old idea of boring 
holes in trees, inserting various substances 
and plugging up the openings, and decided 
that such quack doctors probably knew 
more of men than trees. The fact was il¬ 
lustrated that a man, ignorant of principles 
in pruning would be led into serious mis¬ 
takes by making it a rule to try to imi¬ 
tate his neighbor in pruning, without be¬ 
ing governed in the least by the peculiar 
circumstances or’'requirements of his own 
location, orchard or trees. It is possible 
that all have ’some mistaken notions—all 
are not correct Cease to do by rule and 
search for facts. Base orchard operations 
or practices on fundamental principles 
rather than rules. 
Prof. W. J. Green read a carefully pre¬ 
pared paper which dealt very thoroughly 
with the question of mulching orchards. 
Prof. Green made it very clear that he is 
not beyond conviction that constant cul¬ 
ture and cover crops are better in certain 
cases than constant mulching, but it is 
certain that evidence of more w r eight than 
has yet been brought to bear upon the sub¬ 
ject is necessary to cause him to change 
his views. Mr. Vergon and Mr. Hitchings 
may well feel honored that they have so 
able, so careful and so conservative a 
man as Prof. Green standing firmly with 
them upon the q’-^stion of “sod culture” 
and heavy mulching for orchard fruits. 
Prof. Green’s paper presented not only 
such a common sense but scholarly dis¬ 
cussion of the subject that even the most 
ardent advocates of constant cultivation 
present did not question the soundness of 
his reasoning. 
The last evening session was devoted to 
Ihree-minute discussions of “The Rela¬ 
tionship of Horticulture to Various Phases 
of Life.” The various talks and papers 
made up a “symposium” participated in by 
20 Ohio horticulturists. Prof. W. R. Lazen- 
by '".cted as toastmaster. During the meet¬ 
ing at Delaware a new society was organ¬ 
ized, the Ohio State Forestry Society, the 
members of the Horticultural Society, who 
cared to do so, becoming charter members 
of the new and promising organization. 
Prof. Lazenby was made president. The 
officers of the Horticultural Society for the 
next year are as follows: President, W. W. 
Farnsworth, Waterville; vice-president, U. 
T. Cox. Rockwood; secretary, E. M. Wood¬ 
ard, Kirtland; treasurer, R. J. Tussing. 
Canal Winchester. f. h. ballou. 
Various Fruit Questions. 
H. K., Clark, Ey.—l. How can I keep per 
simmon seed through the Winter, or shoull 
it be planted this Fall? 2. How should 
cherries be propagated! by grafting or bud¬ 
ding. and can we work them on common 
seedling stock? 3. What two varieties of 
blackberries and raspberries are most pro¬ 
fitable for home use? 
Ans.— 1. Persimmon seeds should be 
kept from becoming very dry over Win¬ 
ter if they are not planted as soon as 
gathered. I prefer the latter plan. How¬ 
ever, if put in damp sand or sawdust and 
looked at occasionally, to see that they 
are moist, they will come up well when 
planted the next Spring. 2. Cherries are 
almost universally propagated by bud¬ 
ding. The heart cherries do best on 
Mazzard stocks, but the sour class 
should be on Mahaleb stocks. The com¬ 
mon sour cherry when used as a stock is 
very troublesome because of its sprouts, 
and is rarely used. 3. Among the very 
'best blackberries are the Eldorado and 
Minnewaska. If the red raspberries are 
desired the Loudon and Cardinal are as 
good as can be had, and of the blackcaps 
the Kansas and Cumberland seem to be 
very popular. h. e. v. d. 
Gladiolus Troubles. 
F. 11., Pcnfield, N. F.—What is the cause 
of Gladiolus tops turning yellow and 
withering up? I lose a very tew almost 
every year, boih new bulbs and those I 
have had for years. They are on well- 
drained soil and have good care. What 
treatment can 1 give for this trouble? 
Will it do any harm to raise flowers, in¬ 
cluding Gladioli and Dahlias, on ground 
where last Summer there were cabbages, 
troubled with maggots at roots? 
Ans.—T he “yellow disease” of the 
Gladiolus is not well understood. 
Though attributed to some injurious 
organism spray compounds and fungi¬ 
cides generally fail to check the trouble. 
Varieties nearest to the Gandavensis or 
French Hybrid strain, retaining charac¬ 
teristics of the species G. oppositifiorus, 
are most subject to this affection, ami 
numbers perish every year, even under 
best treatment. Varieties of Lemoinei, 
Nanceanus and Childsii strains having 
great preponderance of red or dark col¬ 
ors are more resistant. Roll the corms 
in powdered sulphur after stripping off 
the paper-like coverings, plant imme¬ 
diately in light soil containing no fresh 
animal manure, bedding in sand or fill 
the trench with pure sand if obtainable. 
They should not be planted nearer than 
one foot apart each way or in rows 20 
or more inches apart and three inches 
apart in the row. Cover three or four 
inches deep. The Cabbage maggot is 
not likely to trouble Gladiolus or oth¬ 
er flowering plants, as few with the ex¬ 
ception of stocks, candytuft and Alys- 
sum belong to the Cruciferse or Cabbage 
family. It is a good plan to shift Gladi¬ 
oli into new soil every year following 
other well-cultivated crops. Dahlias are 
seldom troubled with diseases. 
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