68 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 30 
FA RMERS' CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of ’he writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is cot answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Operating an Hydraulic Ram. 
If. A. II., Oswego Falls, N. Y.— Can the 
stream from an artesian well four inches 
in diameter be depended on successfully 
to operate a hydraulic ram? 
Ans. —It can if there is enough flow 
from the well pipe at a distance above 
the surface to get a fall to work the ram 
—say three or four feet. If it is a 
strong well, discharging 40 gallons per 
minute or more, it will give an excellent 
opportunity for raising water with a 
ram. As to the proportion of the water 
that could be elevated that will depend 
upon the height, distance, etc. g. d. 
Permanent Pasture for Michigan. 
W. L. 0 >, Warren, Mich. —I have a 40-acre 
farm; one of the fields always was a pas¬ 
ture, never plowed until two years ago. I 
have had corn on it for two years. This 
Spring I wish to sow it to barley and seed 
it for a permanent pasture. The soil is a 
sandy loam, very rich; only the two crops 
of corn have been raised on it. What kind 
of grass seed would you use, and how 
much per acre? 
Ans. — A hay meadow does not repre- 
seii what a permanent pasture might be 
or ought to be if properly seeded and 
properly cared for. In the case of your 
correspondent the soil is rich, but a 
sandy loam. He must recognize the fact 
that it is much harder to secure a per¬ 
petual and permanent pasture on sandy 
loams than on clays or clay loams. The 
grasses are especially adapted to soils 
containing clay. They will not do as 
well on sandy loams or sand. It is use¬ 
less to carry on much further in Michi¬ 
gan commercial experiments witfT the 
English grasses. I am thoroughly con¬ 
vinced that the fescues, including the 
Meadow fescue and the Rye grasses are 
so poorly adapted to the Michigan cli¬ 
mate that it is folly to sow them on a 
large scale for commercial purposes. We 
must look to other grasses for our per¬ 
manent pasture. Again, where a per¬ 
manent pasture is expected to supply 
herbage throughout the late Spring, 
Summer or Autumn it must contain a 
great variety of grasses. I would sug¬ 
gest, therefore, a mixture somewhat like 
the following, the amounts given with 
the different, grasses being the amount 
cf seed to sow per acre: Timothy, five 
pounds; Blue grass, three pounds; Red- 
top (extra re-cleaned), one pound; Or¬ 
chard grass, seven pounds; Red clover, 
four pounds; Alsike clover, three 
pounds. This will appear to the ordi¬ 
nary reader as a monstrous lot of seed to 
put on a single acre, but it will pay bet¬ 
ter than any less amount. Be sure to 
get good, new seed of the several sorts 
mentioned. If the soil tends to be moist 
I would add two or three pounds per 
acre of Fowl meadow-grass (Poa flaba). 
During the first year no crop can be ex¬ 
pected; a light crop of the clovers and 
Timothy will come on the second year, 
and about the third year he will get the 
full benefit of his seed. o. d. smith. 
Michigan Exp. Station. 
The Grape Leaf Folder. 
W. R. /)., Manchester, Okla. —How can I 
head off or destroy the Grape leaf-folder? 
In the Summer of 1902 I found a few leaf- 
folders in my vineyard; picked and burned 
all I could find. Last Summer they were 
on nearly half my vines, and “too numer¬ 
ous to mention.’’ I saw a vineyard five 
miles from here almost white, and scarcely 
a leaf untouched by them. Would it do 
any good to take away the earth to a 
depth of three inches under the vines, and 
replace with fresh earth? 
Ans. —The Grape leaf-folder is a small 
yellowish-green caterpillar about three- 
fouKhs of an inch long, that rolls or 
folds the grape leaf and then lives in 
the tube thus formed. Two broods of 
these caterpillars work in Oklahoma 
during the Summer, the first in May or 
June, and the second brood in August. 
The caterpillars transform through the 
brown pupa stage into pretty little 
moths within the folded leaves. The 
moths are black, and strikingly marked 
with white fringes and large white spots 
on the wings The last brood of pupae 
fall to the ground with the leaves, and 
hibernate wherever their folded leaf 
may be blown. As they do not hibernate 
in the ground the correspondent’s sug¬ 
gestion to remove some of the soil 
would avail but little. Rake up and 
burn all the fallen leaves it is prac¬ 
ticable to reach in the Fall, during the 
Winter or early in the Spring. Crush 
the folded leaves and the inclosed cater¬ 
pillars during the growing season when¬ 
ever one is seen. The Oklahoma Ex¬ 
periment Station states that the thor¬ 
ough application of a poison spray when 
the insects first appear in May is effec¬ 
tive. I would recommend the arsenate 
of lead at the rate of two to four pounds 
in 50 gallons of water, or Bordeaux 
Mixture. I think this stronger and safer 
poison will prove more effective than 
Paris-green. Success with a poison 
spray will depend largely on the thor¬ 
oughness with which it is applied. 
M. V. SI.INGEKLAND. 
Wanted: Large Showy Grapes. 
N. I 7 ., White Co., III .—We are going to 
plant a commercial grape vineyard. We 
want large showy grapes that will sell. 
We think of planting Concord, McPike, 
Worden and Hicks for black; Dracut 
Amber and Brighton, red; Diamond and 
Niagara, white. Rating crop of Concord 
at 100 per cent, how much would the others 
make? Are there any others that would 
make more pounds and be better sellers? 
Ans.—I t is quite a difficult thing for 
anyone to recommend varieties of fruits 
best suited to any locality without being 
familiar with the soil and climatic con¬ 
ditions. I would make considerable 
changes in the list submitted if I were 
going to grow “large and showy grapes 
for the market.” The McPike and Hicks 
I have not tested and therefore I cannot 
say anything about them. The follow¬ 
ing list is recommended to select from: 
Moore’s Early, Herbert, Bailey, Wor¬ 
den, black; Dracut Amber, Brilliant, Jef¬ 
ferson, red; Niagara and Duchess, 
white. For a large early black grape 
there is scarcely anything ahead of 
Moore’s Early, though the bunches are 
a little small, and it is not quite so pro¬ 
lific as Concord. Herbert is a very large 
and handsome grape. It will quite like¬ 
ly bear more than Concord. Bailey is 
far ahead of Concord in table quality, 
and is about as prolific; Worden pretty 
much the same. Dracut Amber is a 
large and handsome red grape, more 
piolific than Concord. Brilliant is about 
the best table grape that will be likely 
to succeed in your locality. It is a very 
showy grape also. It should be grown 
for the fancy market. The man who 
buys a basket of Brilliant will call for 
more of the same kind. It is as prolific 
as Concord but may not be quite as 
hardy with you. Jefferson is pretty 
much like it. Niagara is a very prolific 
white grape. Duchess is a little larger 
of berry and of better table quality, but 
is not quite so hardy as Niagara. You 
may have to send to some southern nur¬ 
series for a few of these varieties. 
Virginia. _ R. ir. p. 
“And how did you like my lecture?” a 
lecturer on scientific farming asked of a 
farmer. “Not bad, sir,” was the reply. 
“Not bad, sir, at all, considerin’ your 
total ignorance of the subject!”—Mel¬ 
bourne Leader. 
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Warranted 
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Marblehead, Mass. 
ESTABLISHED 1802. 
for over a hundred years have been 
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OUR CATALOGUE— the 103d 
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When you write advertisers mention The 
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“a square deal.” See our guarantee, page 14. 
Mr. Farmer 
If Mr. Salzer. whose lifetime has 
been spent in improving and in¬ 
creasing the yields of farm crops, 
can prove to your entire satisfac¬ 
tion, that where you now grow 40 
bu. of Oats, Salzor’s sorts will give 
you 100;where you take off 60 bu. 
of Corn, Salzer’s sorts will make it 
120, and on Barley doubles, on 
Wheat triples your yield, and on 
Potatoes gives 736 bu. per acre, 
as found below, would you then try 
Salzer’s Seeds ? Well, Sir, we can 
prove and convince you positively 
If you will read Salzer’s catalog. 
Salzer’s New National Oats. 
Greatest Oats of the centur; 
Salzer’s Oats has the endorsement 
of the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture 
ns the very best out of over 4'0 
sorts tried by them. Ever., ether 
sort must take the back seat. 
187 Bu. per Acre. 
S. Hyde, Ashland Co., O., says: 
“ Your National Oats yielded for 
me at the rate of 187 bu. per acre.’’ 
231 Bu. por Acre. 
L. 8cliiestel, Osceola Co., Mich., 
says: “I never saw unything like 
Salzer’s National Oats. It yielded 
forme 231 bu. per acre.” 
25S Bu. per Acre. 
H. E. Nye, St. Louis Co., Mo. 
“Your National Oats was a sight 
worth seeing—4 ft. tall, a solid stiff 
mass, not a stem lodged, yielded 
over 255 bu. per acre for me!” 
310 Bu. per Acre. 
M. E. Ursner, Ransom Co., N. D. 
“Salzer’s National Oats is great. 
It made the astonishing yield of 
310 bu. per acre I” 
Now Mr. Farmer 
Your land Is just as good, and 
you are surely jusjt as good a 
farmer, will you not beat this Oat 
record in 1904?_ 
Speltz or Emmer, 
80 Bu. per Acre. 
Wonderful Speltz, marvelous 
Speltz, profitable. Speltz, the farm¬ 
er’s firm friend, flourishing every¬ 
where and yielding 80 bu. of grain 
and 4 tons of splendid straw hay 
per acre bes ides. _ 
Home Builder Corn. 
Was named because 60 acres in 
1902 produced so bountifully that it 
built and paid fora beautiful home. 
See Salzer’s catalog. It is the big¬ 
gest eared early ami heaviest yield¬ 
ing Yellow Dent Corn we know. 
Billion Dollar Grass 
and Teosinte. 
A noble pair. Billion Dollar 
Grass, the most talked of grass on 
earth, makes 14 tons of fine hay 
per acre, whileTeosinte astonishes 
and startles you with 80 tons of 
green food per acre, rich in sugar 
and milk and food values. 
Potatoes—736 Bu. per Acre. 
The Editor of the Rural New 
Yorker proclaims to the world that 
Balzer’s Early Wisconsin Potato 
yielded for him 73H bu. per acre, 
and we have several sorts that 
will beat that record. 
Farmer, Attention I Fall of 1004 
Potatoes may be worth 60c a bu., 
then 10 acres at 736 bu. per acre 
would mean |4,416.00 and you can 
pocket that money. If you plant 
Salzer'6 Potatoes. 
For 10 cents in Stamps 
and the name of this paper, we will 
send you a lot of farm seed samples, 
Including some of the above, fully 
worth$10.00 to getastart, together 
with our mammoth 140 page Illus¬ 
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to each and every wide awake 
gardener and farmer. All this we 
tend for but 10c in postage stamps. 
I0HN A.SALZER 
SEED CO. 
LACROSSE,WIS. 
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always the BEST. Our 
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Garden, Field and Flower 
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of 
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BAY CITY, MICH. 
The Burpee Quality in Seeds 
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W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Seed Farmers, Philadelphia 
