19C4 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
143 
MANCHESTER’S DAIRY NOTES. 
Skim-milk for Calves and Hens. 
Is skim-milk of any value for feeding 
calves 10 months old, that have not had 
any milk for several months? Do hens 
need any water when milk is before 
them all the time? If so, why? H. c. 
McLane, Pa. 
Skim-milk is all right for calves of 
any age, and will help you a great deal. 
No grain will be required with good 
hay, as the skim-milk furnishes easily 
digested food for muscle and tissue 
building, and is not fattening. It is just 
what they need. If you start them in 
with a full feed they will scour at once. 
Use only two or three quarts at the 
first, and increase up to eight to 10 at 
a feed. Our calves from three to four 
months old had not had milk for two 
months when one day this week we had 
a surplus, and they received about 
seven quarts each. The next day nearly 
all had diarrhoea. We knew better, but 
we shall tiy not to let it occur again. 
We should give the hens water even if 
they had milk before them all the time, 
though one of our good hen men, a 
neighbor, does not. giving them water 
only after they have cleaned up the 
milk dishes. We cannot give you a real 
solid answer as to why they need it, but 
believe all animals crave water even if 
they have milk. Frequently the milk is 
sour and loppered in Summer, and then 
would hardly take the place of water. 
We know that calves want water even 
when they have considerable milk, and 
will do better to have it. At supper we 
often drink two or three glasses of milk, 
but we crave water right after supper. 
Suppose you give them both and then 
see if they use only the milk. It will 
be a good object lesson. 
Beet Pulp for Cows. 
Is the following a well-balanced ration 
for IS cows: Seventy pounds cotton-seed 
meal and gluten feed, equal parts; 14 
bushels beet pulp; all the stalks they will 
clean up (half fodder)? Cows are at all 
stages of freshness, milking 150 quarts. 
Brighton, iN. Y. s. b. 
We think you are using a very good 
ration, and should hardly advise any 
change. The cows are giving a good 
flow of milk, considerably above the av¬ 
erage in our vicinity unless the cows are 
Holsteins. If you are getting the beet 
pulp at a reasonable price your ration 
for milk is not a costly one. At the most 
the grain per quart of milk should not 
exceed over nine-tenths cent per quart, 
it might be less, it is not high. The 
35 pounds each of cotton-seed and glu¬ 
ten feed would analyze in digestible nu¬ 
trients for each cow about as follows, 
averaging 2 1-5 pounds each: 
Pro- Carbo- 
tein. hydrates. Fat. 
Cotton-seed .87 .45 .20 
Gluten .62 1.12 .16 
We do not know weight per bushel of 
your beet pulp, but assume that each 
cow gets about 40 pounds per day, and 
eats up fairly clean at least 15 pounds 
per day of the corn fodder. These would 
analyse as follows: 
Pro¬ 
Carbo¬ 
tein. 
hydrates. 
Fat. 
40 lbs. beet 
pulp .24 
2.92 
.02 
15 lbs. corn 
fodder.. .73 
5.19 
.02 
We assume you are not giving each 
cow the same amount of grain, but the 
more they give the more grain you give 
each individual. 
Winter or Summer Dairying. 
Which is preferable, to nave the cows 
fresh in the Spring (February-March) ur 
in the Fall (October-November)? I have 
generally had them calve in the Fall, and 
find that when turned out in the Spring 
they are nearly the same as fresh again, 
whereas when they calve in early Spring 
they fall off perceptibly during August, 
and September, while the Fall cow has 
maintained the flow during relatively the 
same time from calving. We sell our 
cream to the creamery and receive from 
two to three cents more per pound for 
butter fat in the Spring than in the Fall. 
We do not feed silage. 1 would like to 
hear from dairymen. o. w. k. 
Monmouth, Me. 
Your letter tells the story about as we 
see it. For one situated as you seem to 
be you are working on the right plan. 
For best results we like to have our 
cows come in just as soon as they are on 
a steady Winter ration, usually about 
last of October or first of November. If 
they come in a little earlier the changes 
in feed about time they come into barn 
will sometimes throw them out quite a 
little. Spring cows are usually only 
flush during flush feed of May and June, 
and the time of year, August, when 
hardest to make milk, you are beginning 
to dry off the Winter dairy but expect 
considerable of the Spring cows and 
they do not come tip to expectations. An 
added advantage also is that if you raise 
calves early Winter is much the better 
time to start them. We can see where 
some dairymen who are getting a low 
price for milk or selling to a cheese fac¬ 
tory might make more profit to get ail 
they possibly could from Spring cows 
on pasturage and rowen feed, allowing 
them to dry late in Fall and early Win¬ 
ter, and feeding nothing but hay through 
the Winter. We should not like this 
plan, but where men get considerably 
less than three cents per quart, as we 
know many do for whole milk made en¬ 
tirely in the barn, it is almost out of 
the question to buy much grain. Whj 
riot build a silo? As the boys say, “it's 
great” for producing economical milk. 
Some Feeding Questions. 
Why cannot we get gluten meal any 
more? The feed dealer says the mill 
burned down. 
The feed dealer is right, but we have 
been informed that the mills can make 
a good deal more money by using all the 
lefuse part of the corn, including the 
hull, by turning it out as gluten feed 
rather than meal. The feed is now 
quite a little heavier than formerly. One 
glucose mill did burn up, and this one 
mill made a good story to tell why it 
has practically gone out of market. 
I am feeding dried distillers’ grains, 
said to be made from corn, and last 
Winter they gave excellent results, but 
do not seem to have same effect this 
year. Why is it so? 
If you will examine them closely you 
may find that there are some oat and 
rye hulls in them, and the analysis is 
probably not as good. They may also 
be adulterated with rye disti lers’ grains, 
which have a lower protein and fat an¬ 
alysis and are not as good for milk. It 
seems to be quite the fashion to put a 
feed on the market with a good char¬ 
acter (analysis) back of it. After a trade j 
is worked up and things are going 
smoothly the quality is reduced in order 
to make more money. Insist on getting 
an analysis with all the feeds you buy, 
and if in doubt send a sample to your 
experiment station, expressing your 
doubts, and they will usually be glad to 
look into the matter for you. 
Does it pay to feed a variety to cows? 
We think it does, and use four and 
sometimes five varieties of grain in a 
mixture for the cows. We think they 
like it better. Sometimes a food that 
has a high analysis and is a good milk 
producer is not very palatable to the 
cow, but when mixed with some other 
food the cow eats the mixture readily. 
Pancakes clear would not go very fast, 
but give us good butter and real maple 
syrup with them and they get. out of 
sight quickly. In the coarse fodders, 
where one has say hay and corn fodder, 
we prefer to give some of each daily 
rather than feeding all of one kind un¬ 
til gone, then using the other. Some 
have thought that to feed a variety they 
must change foods every day. This is 
not what is meant. Changes usually 
cost money, as they break up the cows’ 
habit, and cows are very strict follow¬ 
ers of habit. What is meant is to have 
a good variety of foods and feed the 
same food day after day, varying only 
the quantity as determined by what the 
cow eats readily and the milk she turns 
out. 
The Value of Blood. 
What could I afford to pay per barrel 
for blood fresh from the slaughter house, 
and how treat it. some for feeding but 
mostly for fertilizer? There are two 
slaughter houses near here with cement 
floors and drain where all blood and liquid 
matter is run off. 1 think I could arrange 
to buy it, but do not know ho>/ xo treat 
it or what it is worth. t. l. f. 
Clarence Center, N. Y. 
The blood from slaughter houses will 
make good fertilizer if it can be proper¬ 
ly kept, but I should think you could get 
more out of it by using it at once for 
feeding hogs. A little might be fed to 
hens, but too much will upset them at 
once as it would the hogs. We should 
not want to feed the blood to cows or 
<alves in fresh state, and to rig up some¬ 
thing to dry it would be expensive. If 
dried by direct heat it will be hard arid 
leathery. Dried blood is rich in nitro¬ 
gen and when found in market commer¬ 
cially dried is worth from $25 to $35 per 
ton. Probably in the slaughter houses 
you mention it would be mixed with 
other waste and more or less water, and 
would be variable in quality. The fresh 
blood would be from 85 to 90 per cent 
water, so that for fertilizer you could 
not afford to pay very much more than 
for rich stable manure made from cows 
fed good grain. We should try compost¬ 
ing it with other manure unless we 
could use it at once for feeding as be¬ 
fore mentioned. We should not want to 
take it. at all for fertilizer unless we 
could buy it cheap. It decays rapidly 
and the odors such material leave be¬ 
hind wo should want as far away from 
the farm as possible. 
II. G. MANCHESTER. 
THE WORLD’S STANDARD OF MERIT 
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