1904. 
TIIH RURAL 
N E W-Y O R K E R 
5o9 
NORTHERN GARDEN NOTES. 
Pickle Stock. —A piece of ground 
that has produced a crop of spinach, 
lettuce or bunching onions can be used 
to good advantage by marking out 
furrows four feet apart with a plow 
and applying a liberal quantity of well- 
rotted manure in the bottom. Cover to 
the original level, sow the seed say six to 
eight seeds to the foot, directly above the 
manure. I would prefer White Spine for 
late sowing (June 20) ; Long Green is 
very desirable, but will not yield as many 
pickles. Pickles should be picked often, 
whether wanted for use or not. If large 
cucumbers are allowed to form the pros¬ 
pects for a crop of pickles will be poor. 
Spraying with Bordeaux Mixture has 
been found very effective in preventing 
blight and the depredations of the striped 
beetle. I have also found that one tea¬ 
spoonful of kerosene mixed with nineteen 
of air-slaked lime sprinkled on the foli¬ 
age will make them seek other quarters. 
Most varieties of bush snap beans may 
be planted at this date and produce a fine 
crop for canning or pickling. The old Ref¬ 
ugee with its tender semi-transparent light 
green pods, has been my favorite. Ward- 
well’s Kidney Wax or Refugee Wax are 
good varieties if yellow beans are pre¬ 
ferred. But few American people know the 
value of Martynia for pickles. Seed sown 
at this date in a warm sunny location will 
produce an abundance of pods, which 
should be picked when small and tender. 
Plants should not stand nearer than 18 
inches apart in the row, rows three feet 
apart. Beets sown the last of this month 
will have ample time to grow to the 
desired size, one and one-half inches, for 
pickling. Detroit Dark Red is a good 
variety; I have used Eclipse and found it 
satisfactory. 
Peppers may be set betwen early cab¬ 
bage. Frequent and shallow hoeing with 
an occasional handful of hen manure 
well worked in the soil, will usually 
secure a fair crop if the cabbages are 
pulled out early. Tomato plants set four 
feet apart between rows of early peas and 
beans at the last cultivation, and treated 
same as advised for peppers, will supply 
the table with some choice ripe fruit and 
lots for pickling. Cabbage and cauliflower 
can be set next month. 
of a man, with a few that make a stab at 
more. Husking is done by hand on the 
standing stalks, with a few corn harvesters 
and shredders. e. t. k. 
Lisbon, III. 
I used a silo for about five years; built 
the first one in this county that I know of, 
but having disposed of our cows and cattle 
had no further use for it and as the bottom 
was getting bad I took it out to make room 
for hay. I was very well pleased with the 
results of feeding silage and I do not see 
why any farmer that pretends to keep up 
with the times does not built a silo, and 
build a good one, as the experimental stage 
is past and they are certainly a good in¬ 
vestment. We feed silage to horses with¬ 
out having any bad results or any trouble 
of any kind, and they seemed very fond 
of it. We never used anything but corn. 
We had some silage spoil in the corners 
and near the opening and had to throw it 
out. It was on account of it getting air, 
and whenever it does either through the 
walls or by not being packed properly it will 
spoil. But unless very badly spoiled young 
catae will eat it all right and I never saw 
any bad results. a. c. 
Knox., Pa. 
We begin as soon as the ground is dry 
enough to break, using a three-horse team 
to one man. Some prefer walking, others 
riding plows. I prefer the riding plows. 
We usually till 30 acres to the team. We 
use the spike-tooth harrows, going over the 
ground twice, then with a two-horse planter. 
Some drill, omers check, some both ways. I 
prefer check, as I think it can be tilled better. 
We use riding cultivators. Some walk, but 1 pre¬ 
fer riding, as it is easier, and think we do better 
work. We average about three cultiratings 
to make a crop. Some will harrow the corn 
after it is up, as the ground is in a better 
condition then to cultivate. We are able 
then to raise a fair crop, but could be im¬ 
proved wonderfully if the average farmers 
would not crop corn after corn so much, 
and would rotate to clover more, as clover 
does well here, as well as east of us in 
Indiana. I was raised in that State where 
i hey raise lots of clover. I am sowing clover, 
for I have tried it long enough to know it 
pays. I will sow one piece in my corn at 
i he last cultivation this season, as I want to 
hurry it to grass. It will be my first piece 
to seed that way. Here the farmers think it 
does not pay to cut ,^eir corn up on account 
of the expense, and that it makes the land 
poorer, so the main practice is to pasture 
the stock, but my experience tells me to cut 
ui>, as I get more feed and better feed, and 
save the tramping of the ground. d. e. s. 
Lakewood, Ill. 
In the prairie lands of Illinois and Indiana 
are located the great corn farms of the 
United States, The attention of the farmer 
is given solely to the production of corn. One 
great hindrance to progress in corn raising in 
ihe combe*., is that renters cultivate the land. 
utilize the important facts brought out by sci¬ 
entific research. Then the yield of g’.ain per 
acre will be doubled. The yield at present 
is from 40 to 80 bushels. Small farmers 
with good brains are beginning to reach the 
100-bushel per acre mark. A few have gone 
beyond that enormous yield. w. n. a. 
Winslow, Ind. 
The cornfields in this vicinity (Osage 
County) are not what would be called large 
fields, being from 20 to 100 acres, but the 
manner of cultivation is practically the same; 
40 acres or about as much as one man and 
team can do justice to. Of course it will not 
occupy all of his time through the season. To 
do the job with the least expenditure of labor 
the field should be gone over as soon as pos¬ 
sible when the circumstances are just right. 
As a matter of course different farmers use 
different means and tools to accomplish the 
same end according to their several ideas. 
Our most practical tanners use different tools 
according to make-up of the land. What we 
consider the best practice is to use a lister 
with subsoil attachment, and throw out the 
furrows as early in the Spring as the ground 
will work well; never work land when wet 
and heavy. Then at planting time relist, 
opening the ridges with the same implement 
as at first, not forgetting the subsoil attach¬ 
ment. To plant this we use a two-row 
planter with drill attachment. If the soil 
was in good shape at every stage and work 
well done it will make a good seed bed for 
the corn. To work this field commence as 
soon as the corn is up a few inches and the 
soil is in working order. With a two-horse 
riding disk cultivator throw the dirt away 
l'rem the corn lightly the first time over; 
after that towards the corn, setting the disk 
to cut the weeds and throw but little dirt 
until the last time over, when it will be best 
to throw dirt to the corn, and ridge it a little. 
We consider it good practice thoroughly to 
plow the ground every three or four years. 
In that case we use a two-row check-row 
planter to put the corn in. For this cultiva¬ 
tion we go over It twice with a smoothing 
harrow, once just before the corn is up, again 
when about four or five inches high ; then fol¬ 
low with a two-horse six-shovel riding corn 
plow and use the disk to ridge up. As for 
the number of times to go over it depends on 
the season, the weather and the energy of the 
man behind the team. There should be no 
laying by until the corn is too large for a 
team to go through it. On rolling land that 
is liable to wash would recommend working 
up and down the slope that each furrow 
mav carry off its own water. 
June 14 I had finished housing the first cut¬ 
ting of Alfalfa; average 1(4 ton to the acre 
on thin upland. e. k. tekky. 
Osage Co., Kan. 
THE HUMANE ELASTIC CHECK LOOP! 
Saves breaking of checks. Cannot jump off the hook. 
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Don’t make any mistake, hut remember 
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Dural Mail Many new routes will go in this year. We 
nuidl mail want name and address of every man who 
Sends in a petition. BAy CDCC to ^ rst one sending 
We will send a DUA I VI CL CL us full information. 
BOND STEEL POST CO., ADRIAN, MICH. 
Southwick 
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A Few Essentials. —Celery that has 
been sown in the open must have water 
and attention, such as weeding, hoeing and 
liberal application of nitrate of soda, care 
being taken not to put the nitrate on the 
foliage. Where only a few hundred plants 
are wanted for family use plants from the 
seed bed pricked out three inches apart in 
a cold frame make much the finest stock. 
After pricking out shade for a few days 
with a bran sack. Tomatoes set the last 
of May should now be in bloom; a good 
handful of hen manure well worked around 
the plants at this time will be enough fer¬ 
tilizer to carry through to a good crop. En¬ 
dive should be sown now for Fall and 
Winter salads. J. jeannin, jr. 
NOTES ON THE CORN CROP. 
Most farmers have about 50 acres in corn, 
and the same amount in oats. The oat 
ground is Fall-plowed for corn and the corn 
ground goes into oats the next Spring. The 
ground is disked twice for corn and harrowed 
two or three limes; then as soon as the corn 
is large enough it is cultivated. Most farmers 
cultivate four to five times, twice with six- 
shovel cultivator and two or three times with 
four-shovel scraper. f. a. 
Gardner, Ill. 
The growing of a corn crop will com¬ 
mence the Fall before by plowing the oat 
stubble. In case of sod or the planting of 
corn two years the plowing is done in the 
Spring. As soon as the land will work well 
it is cut with the disk, dragged with a steel- 
lover harrow, planted three feet six inches 
each way, dragged twice, worked four times 
wiiii a tool very much like the “Buckeye” 
in The R. N.-Y., only with eight shovels 
instead of four, and the Little Boy 
as shown with J. Grant Morse on it, only we 
cut out the cover and the “kicking up” of 
the horses. The team force is four, and 
on some of the large fields, six horses on a 
gang plow, disk, or drag, while the manure 
spreader, the double-row cultivator, and stalk 
cutter take three. Forty acres is expected 
Large tracts are owned by wealthy individu¬ 
als or companies, who often are engaged in 
commercial lines, and give little attention to 
the improvement of their farms. Farming in 
this great corn area is carried on in a large 
way. Fields are large and bounded by imag¬ 
inary line fences. Farm labor is scarce and 
wages are naturally high. The system of 
corn cultivation is such as to require the 
minimum amount of labor. One man is 
enough for two teams. Riding tools are used 
altogether. Usually the hired man is given 
four horses worked abreast to a breaking 
plow, having two gangs. The disk harrow, 
smoothing harrow, etc., are large to require 
the double team. Much of this land Is a 
black loam soil with comparatively little clay. 
It is full of humus and is easily worked down 
into a fine mellow seed-bed. After breaking, 
the msK barrow is used and is followed by 
a smoothing harrow or drag. It is then 
ready for the check-rower or corn planter. 
Disking the land before breaking it practiced 
by a few good farmers. This permits a thor- 
ougn working of the under side of the furrow 
slice. 
The hills are about 3(4 feet apart, with 
three stalks to the hill. Here the riding 
cultivator with the eagle claws is replacing 
the old four-hoed kind. The weeder Is found 
on a number of these great corn farms and 
does good service on this loose black land. 
The cultivation is more extensive than in 
past years. The weed problem was once the 
great factor to deal with in the corn belt. 
As the land gets older farmers are learning 
the value of a dust mulch, and have tools 
tnat work the top surface rapidly. Corn re¬ 
ceives from three to five cultivations. One 
man with four horses is supposed to break, 
plant and cultTvate from 40 to 60 acres. On 
large farms 60 acres Is the required area for 
one man. As a rule the crop is left to do its 
own wav after it gets about shoulder high. 
Late cultivation with t**e one-horse harrow is 
seldom practiceu on i-iese large corn farms. 
The grain is sent to market. The corn is 
gathered from the stalk as soon as it becomes 
dry enough to crib. The fodder is left in the 
field. The corn binder is gradually entering 
the corn area, and with the keeping of more 
live stock the fodder will be considered of 
more value than it has been in the past. In 
Winter the sheller is sent around from crib 
to crib. The shelled grain is then sent to 
market. 
The agricultural colleges of Iowa, Illinois, 
Indiana and otuer States in tne corn belt are 
doing experimental work wim corn. Various 
systems of culture, a comparison of varieties, 
methods of improving the grain, and ways of 
increasing the protein content are a few of 
the questions that the stations are consider¬ 
ing. In a not far distant day the great corn 
belt will be shipping its products on the hoof. 
Men will learn that animal industry will in¬ 
crease their net profits; intelligent men will 
be placed in charge of these areas who can 
44 
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3839 Sixth Street, Cincinnati. Ohio^ 
