572 
l'HE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
July 30, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure altentlon. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions..on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Chestnuts in Illinois. 
H. W., Clinton, III .—Are large chestnuts 
such as Paragon, etc., hardy In central Illi¬ 
nois? I have a few natives here; no worms 
in them yet. 
Ans. —The Paragon chestnut belongs to 
the European type or species and is as 
hardy as our native kinds. We do not 
know of any actual trials in central Illi¬ 
nois, but if you are growing natives there 
would be little risk in trying Paragon. 
You are very fortunate indeed to have no 
Chestnut worms in your locality, and 
there should be much encouragement to 
plant this useful nut. 
Green Lice on Cherries. 
A. 11., Seal/) Level, Pa .—1 have a small, 
sweet cherry orchard, mostly Gov. Wood and 
Windsor, badly infested with green lice. Will 
the lime, sulphur and salt spray kill them? 
ans. —The nine, sulphur and salt spray 
can only be applied with safety to trees in 
Winter in a dormant condition, for it is 
too caustic for the foliage to endure. Ap¬ 
plied at that season it will kill many of 
the dormant aphides and their eggs, but 
will probably not rid the trees entirely. 
The best treatment for these troublesome 
insects when they appear on the young 
foliage is thoroughly to spray with an in¬ 
fusion of tobacco stems, one pound to a 
gallon of water, or apply a good grade of 
fine tobacco dust with a dust sprayer or 
bug gun. 
Sawdust for Mulching Orchards. 
,1. If., Grcencastlc, Pa. Having quite a 
quantity of sawdust, we arc Ibiukiiig.of using 
it as a mulch by spreading a light coat un¬ 
der 15-year-old apple trees, but before doing 
so wish to know if you or any of your read¬ 
ers have ever had any experience along this 
line? Have read or heard that sawdust 
would sour the soil and injure fruit trees. 
Ans. —Fresh sawdust contains an acid 
which will injure some soils when large 
quantities are used. When the sawdust 
has been well rotted or used as bedding, 
so that it is well saturated with liquid 
manure, this acid principle is overcome. 
We have never used fresh sawdust—al¬ 
ways using it for bedding before putting 
it on the soil, but we should not hesitate 
to use a light coating around apple trees. 
Power from the Tide. 
W. E. It., Princess Anne, Aid .—I live on 
the banks of a tidal river, the water always 
in motion in one direction or the other at the 
rate of one or two miles per hour. Could 
this current be utilized for pumping water 
and other like work at house and barn? 
Would it be feasible to set a post in the river 
and one on the hank with a paddle wheel sus¬ 
pended between and convey the power by 
chain, or would it develop enough power for 
use? Ice bothers but a short time in Winter. 
Ans. —The use of the tides as a motive 
power has not met with satisfactory re¬ 
sults. Turbines and expensive dams have 
been constructed, but the varied and in¬ 
termittent nature of the force generated— 
for a portion of the time ceasing alto¬ 
gether—has resulted in usefulness not 
commensurate with their cost. W. E. B. 
could best use the tidal flow he speaks of 
by anchoring a barge in the stream with 
a shaft and paddle wheels to transfer 
the motion of the watci to machin¬ 
ery on shore. The barge would rise 
and fall with the tide, and keep the wheels 
in motion when flow was sufficiently 
strong. lie will probably find a gasoline 
engine located near the work he has to 
do much more practical and satisfactory. 
G. D. 
A Crop of Onion Sets. 
C. G. 11., Uornellsvillc, N. Y .—Will you 
tell me how to raise onion sols, the best time 
to sow the seed and what seed to sow? 
Ans. —In answer to C. G. H., I would 
select a piece of sandy land that is free 
from perennial weeds; the poorer the bet¬ 
ter. Plow as early in the Spring as the 
ground will work; two or three harrow- 
ings at intervals of six or eight days will 
destroy most of the annual weeds. Use 
no manure or fertilizer. After the last 
harrowing the piece should be planted 
or smoothed to enable the drill to make 
the rows straight. Set the drill to mark 
rows 12 inches apart. The seed the best 
sets arc raised from is Southport White 
Globe. White Portugal is preferred by 
some. The New Queen is gaining in fa 
vor. The drill should be arranged to drop 
the seed two inches wide in the row about 
one-half inch deep, say 15 to '20 seeds to 
the square inch. The piece should be fre¬ 
quently hoed, with wheel hoe, setting the 
hoes to cut as close to the row as possi¬ 
ble. If the rows have been made straight 
the work will be much easier. The few 
scattering weeds must be pulled by hand. 
The proper time to harvest the sets is 
when the majority of the tops have died 
down, which is best done by an onion 
set harvester, or by reversing the hoes on 
wheel hoe so that the long part of the 
blades cross each other under the rows of 
sets. The sets are then allowed to dry 
for two or three days on the bed, when 
they can be gathered and spread out to 
cure in some building where they can 
have plenty of air and be kept dry. An 
occasional stirring will hasten the curing. 
JOHN JEANNIN, JR. 
Experience With Asparagus Rust. 
C. C. 0., Dowaglac, Mich .—What is wrong 
with my asparagus? The bed was planted 
in the Spring of 1902, using one-year-old 
roots. They all grew nicely and apparently 
healthy until perhaps August of last year, 
when the plants began to ripen and in a 
short time almost no green stalks could be 
found. The previous season they ripened 
still earlier, commencing before the middle 
of July. 'Flic bed is situated on well drained, 
heavy, sandy soil, and is quite fertile. The 
plants attained a height of about three feet 
on an average. 
Ans. —The asparagus stem sent for in¬ 
spection seems to be affected with the 
Asparagus rust fungus, which has been 
very prevalent in the East for several 
years, and is now spreading over the West¬ 
ern States. It is a very troublesome dis¬ 
ease, and is best managed bv thorough cul¬ 
tivation, high fertilization, and short cut¬ 
ting season for the asparagus plants. In 
this vicinity asparagus growers used to cut 
a crop as late as the middle of July; now 
many finish as early as the middle of June 
in order to allow sufficient growth to 
strengthen the crown before the rust 
comes on in August. They are able to se¬ 
cure good crops by this method, and keep 
every plant in fair vitality. There is ab¬ 
solutely no cure for the rust, but it has 
been controlled in some places by very 
thorough spraying of the plants with Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture, commencing as soon as 
the shoots start after cutting is ended. 
This is an expensive and troublesome 
method, and it is probable that the treat¬ 
ment first outlined will prove most satis¬ 
factory in the end. 
Apple Rust and Red Cedar. 
A. E. 11., Mad River, O .—Is there a fun¬ 
gus disease transmissible from the Red cedar 
to the apple? What is its name? And is 
there a remedj’? 
Ans. —The Apple rust is a fungus that 
that lives upon two host plants, the Red 
cedar and the apple. The spores which 
appear and ripen on the apple, both fruit 
and leaves, in midsummer, will not ger¬ 
minate or grow on the apple tree, but de¬ 
velop the fungus upon the cedar. There 
the mycelium enters the tissues, and, as 
growth advances, enlargements or “cedar 
apples” appear on the branches of the tree. 
During April or May these growths pro¬ 
duce horn-shaped masses an inch or more 
in length, on which the spores arc borne. 
These spores, which ripen in Spring, will 
not grow upon the cedar, but only upon 
the apple. This fungus is very difficult to 
combat, as the spores may remain in the 
buds and branches for years, and at times 
tne disease is so serious that the tree may 
lose all its leaves. The cutting and burn¬ 
ing of the cedar apples before the yellow 
horns develop is advised, but this is not 
practicable where there are many of them. 
Cedar trees should not be permitted near 
an apple orchard, and their removal means 
a removal of the disease’s source. All 
badly diseased trees should be removed 
from the orchard, and other trees sprayed 
with Bordeaux Mixture as soon as the 
first leaves appear, a second spraying be¬ 
ing given eight or 10 days after the first. 
Precautions should be taken as soon as 
there is any appearance of the disease. 
Gooseberry Mildew: Grubs tn Strawberries. 
N. T., Carrollton, III. —I fear mildew will 
attack my gooseberries. Tell me how to pre¬ 
vent the appearance of the disease. The 
white grub did my strawberries great injury 
last Fall. Will it appear again next Spring? 
If so, how long will it feast on strawberry 
roots? 1 grow strawberries in hills, and ex¬ 
pected to take four crops. 
Ans. —Mildew may be kept off foreign 
gooseberries quite effectually by spraying 
with sulphide of potassium, one-half ounce 
to the gallon of water. In this strength 
it is entirely harmless to the plants, and is 
quite effectual in preventing mildew, al¬ 
though it does not always cure it after 
infection has taken place. It will be well 
to make frequent applications soon after 
every rain. The white grubs usually live 
in the soil three years, and we cannot give 
you much encouragement as to being rid 
of the pests the coming season. About the 
only thing to do is to keep a sharp watch 
of the plants, and when one appears to be 
failing make a search among the roots for 
the grub and destroy him. You are prob¬ 
ably aware that it is always considered un¬ 
safe to set strawberries on land that has 
been in sod for two years previously. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8. 
Baldwin and Gale-Baldwin 
Ensilage Gutters. 
Machines approach perfection in both cutting 
and elevating. Adjust for four lengths cut. 
Side or straight away delivery. All sizes for all 
powers. Write for catalogue. 
THE BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO., 
Box 76, Chlcopeo Falls, Maas. 
APPI F RAPDCIC —Buy now and save money. 
HIT LL UHnnLLOi Itobt. Gillies, Medina, N. Y. 
CHOICE CELERY iTS CABBAGE 
PLANTS, only per 1,000. All good sorts ready 
in July. SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Del. 
CELERY AND CABBAGE PLANTS 
Por Sale.—Leading varieties, carefully packed with 
moss In baskets. F. O. B. here. Write for prices. 
Cash with order. Plants ready about June 15th. 
WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N. 1 
ONE MILLION CELERY PLANTS. 
White Plume, Pink Plume, Golden Self Blanching. 
Golden Heart, Giant Pascal, Winter Queen, trans¬ 
planted strong plants. $2 per 1.000; Held grown seed¬ 
lings, *1 per 1,000 LUDVIG MOSHAKK, Onurga, Ill. 
A Promising New Cherry. —Nicholas 
llallock sends us from Milton, N. Y. (under 
date of July 12j, specimens of a new cherry, 
of which he says: “1 send you a little box 
of cherries, which I think are worth a place 
in the Held. You will note the solidity of 
them, and their lateness. They are, I think, 
a seedling of Downer's Late Red, though 
they have been gone two weeks. The lower 
layer was picked July 9, and simply set in 
the milk room to try their staying quality. 
I think not over six to the quart had gone 
bad, in such damp and hot weather. In the 
tree tills morning there were yet no rot 
symptoms with all the rain. I think it 
worth extending; a commission man who saw 
It said there was no such solid cherry In the 
market. Tree is about 40 years old, standing 
on a rocky ledge; bears regularly; the 
owner simply picks them, and they sell well, 
and he has not half appreciated them, only 
as I have shown him that all his other cher¬ 
ries lire rotted and gone.” The cherries ar¬ 
rived in good condition with very little rot. 
On July 14 many of them were still perfect. 
The color and flavor of the fruit are quite 
satisfactory. The solid, keeping quality is 
very desirable. 
Duties of Stewardess. —Several weeks 
ago a question regarding the duties of a 
stewardess on an ocean steamer was asked. 
The following additional information Is given 
by the Allan Line; 
There are two classes, generally, of stew¬ 
ardesses carried on each vessel, one class for 
the cabin and second cabin and one for the 
steerage. The wages paid are about the 
same, hut the position of the stewardess in 
the first cabin is much better on account of 
CDY PLANTS. Very stocky, with large 
vCLEn I bushy roots. From imported seed. 
Golden Self Blanching, White Plume, Giant Pascal, 
Golden Heart, $1.00 per 1000 ; 70c. per 600. 
PADQ ACC PLANTS, 80c. per 1.000; 00c. 
UADDAUCi per 600: $8.60 6 000; $0.50 lO.OoO. 
Strung plants. Danish Bullhead, Surehead. *11 Sea¬ 
sons, Stone Mason, Flat Dutch. 
F. W- IlOCUKLLE, Drawer 3, Chester, N. J. 
□ Drci cr m t- T he raost cont- 
I IX CL O I U CL ll I able Strawberry. 
Potted plants now ready. Send for prices. 
THOMAS B. HUNT, Originator, Lambertvllle, N. J. 
POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANTS. , ,8T 
FREH 
T C. KEV1TT, Athenla, N.J. 
Potted Strawberry Plants w^'n^ea" 
List free. C. 'A. HALL, Oak J Hlll, N. Y. 
COD C AI C—Crimson Clover Seed, $4 per bushel. 
lUn OHLL CowPoas. $175 and $2 per bushel; Seed 
Sweet Potatoes, $1 per bushel. 
J. B. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
pKIMSON CLOVER SEED, new crop, home 
w grown. U. 8. JOHNSTON, Box4, Stockley, Del. 
NEW CROP 
Crimson Clover Seed. 
In one bushel lots or by carload; any quantity to suit 
you. Special prices. Get sample. 
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestown, N. J. 
FORAGE CROPS. 
Black and Black Bye row Peas. $2.25 per bushel; 
Soja or Soy Beans,$2.00 per bushel; Crimson Clover 
(choice),$4.00 per bushel. 
EDWARD RIGG, .JR., Burlington, N. J. 
PECAN TREES AND NUTS seed ling trees,(1,2 A3 
years old.) The G. M. Bacon Pecan Co. (Inc.) Dewitt,Ga 
the gratuities she receives from the passen¬ 
gers for attention shown them. All the 
stewardesses on any except American steam¬ 
ers are shipped abroad and have to sign the 
ship's articles, the same as the crew. The 
wages paid are £4, $20, per mouth, and In 
some cases not more than $15, depending 
upon the line. We have no knowledge in 
reference to the wages on American vessels 
which are running down the coast, hut do 
not think that they are carried on any of the 
American steamers except possibly on steam¬ 
ers between New York and Havana. 
AUSTIN BALDWIN & CO. 
shows in NATURAL COLORS and 
ccurately describes 21« varieties of 
r fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distrt- 
ihntimi to nln.ntors.—Stark Bro's. Loultlunil, Aw. 
inn KINDS apples 
I All varieties for summer, fall 
and winter. Ben Davis, always a fa¬ 
vorite, Baldwin, Wine Kaj>, eto. Trees strong 
and well rooted. Healthy, shapely. Ours Is the 
best climate in the world for fruit tree dovelop- 
m»*4 Yf rite for free 1904 catalogue. 
If arrlHon’H Nurseries, Bx ‘JO, Berlin, Hid. 
LARGE LUSCIOUS STRAWBERRIES IN 1905. 
From our STRONG POT GROWN PLANTS offered in otir Summer Catalogue. A full crop of fruit 
ten months after plants are set out. Plant now, we have the best varieties for market a nil home 
use. We have in five-inch pots, now ready for planting and late bloom, all the best hardy Roses, 
Honeysuckle and Clematis; also Boston and English Ivy. A full line of selected FRUITS and 
ORNAMENTALS for Autumn planting. Stock first class. Prices reasonable. 
I AiinCPADC CADnnJINft and the beautifying and enriching of the Home ground our leading 
LAnUOunlL UAnULmnU specialty. We will he pleased tocall ard see you on this matter,or 
call at our Nurseries and see our stoek. Our Catalogue mailed free. Write for it to-day. 
T. J. DWYER dt OO., COUTNTWATiTi, N. Y. 
CRIMSON CLOVER 
The great soil improver. Valuable 
also for early green food, grazing 
and hay crop. Special circular 
free, also sample and price of seed 
on request. HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
WWt At\t P'l/XfSL/t/YL- / dealers and 
fWW ■ ■■ — ■ ■ ■ ■ —c o n r u in era. 
■ Nothing shoddy. 
Buggies, harness, farm and blacksmith tools, implements and supplies, 
fencing, etc. Prices rock bottom, same to everyone. Our factories furnish 
tops, wheels, bodies, gears, etc., at wholesale prices. This buggy is an ex¬ 
ample of our economical methods. It is the lowest priced buggy you can 
afford to buy. It is well made with b»*st materials. Price 339.75 f. o. b. 
factory. Body, *J4x. r >4 or smaller. Seat, solid panel, spring back; green 
cloth,whipcord or imitation leather trimmed; top rubber-lined except side 
curtains; Sort bow end spring; double reach; sarvin or compressed 
wheels; body blaul., gear green or carmine. Free bargain sheet. Indi- 
dicate your needs. G. A . BOTTGKIt A; CO.,SI Bright 8t., Cleveland, Ohio. 
