1 fi04. 
573 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
TALKS WITH A LAWYER. 
Damages in Using “Right of Way." 
Reader, Vermont .—A owns land over 
wtiieh there is a right of way for B and 
others owning wood and pasture lands be¬ 
yond. For many years A's land was used as 
a pasture, and bars were maintained at two 
or three points ou the right of way. After 
(lie purchase of this land by A four years 
ago the road was left open for a time. A. 
now mows the land, and has planted out val¬ 
uable fruit and nut trees, and has again 
erected bars at the entrance and exit to his 
land, with printed notices asking that the 
bars be kept up. 15 persists in passing 
through these bars and leaving the bars 
down, thereby exposing A's land to stray 
cattle and other stock, of which there are 
plenty. Can A compel B to put up the bars? 
If so, how? This has never been an open 
road, there always having been bars at one 
or more points on 1 lie road, if B refuses to 
put up tbe bars can he be restrained from 
using the road ? 
B.’s right to use the private road is, 
according to the statement of facts, sub¬ 
ject to A’s right to maintain fences where 
the way crosses his boundary line. This 
being so, B must put up the bars when 
he passes through A’s land. If B neglects 
or refuses to do this A should serve no¬ 
tice upon B that B will be held responsi¬ 
ble for any damage resulting to A 
through neglect to replace the bars. '1 here 
is no doubt but that B would be responsi¬ 
ble for all damage done by stray cattle 
entering A’s land through the driveway 
left open by B. It can hardly be argued 
that B forfeits his right to use the road 
by failing to close the driveway, and he 
could not therefore be restrained from 
using it on this account, in the absence 
of statutory provisions. He can and 
should, however, be held strictly responsi¬ 
ble for all damages that directly result 
from his improper use of the way. 1 his 
is practically all the remedy A has (un¬ 
less some local statute applies to such a 
case). Technically an action should lie 
each time B leaves the bars down; for 
in taking down A’s fence and not replac¬ 
ing it he has used A’s property in an 
unauthorized way. I he difficulty is to 
prove the damages, where nothing more 
results. __ 
Hints About Canning Factories. 
J. I). A'., Ben Darin, Iml .—I should like to 
have some lirst baud facts and experiences 
on the canning business, and especially on 
the following points: Methods of organizing 
and feasibility of co-operative plan; fruits 
and vegetables best suited to and most profit¬ 
able for canning; cost of plant; methods 
employed iu placing goods ou the market; 
any individual experiences in the canning 
business. 
A ns. —Judging from my past experience 
with the practical operation of a canning 
factory, ordinarily 1 think it besf to dis¬ 
courage the co-operative plan. Such plans 
generally fail, owing to the lack of busi¬ 
ness experience. Co-operations generally 
are rather difficult to manage satisfactorily 
to all parties concerned. The plan I rec¬ 
ommend is for the individual to under¬ 
take the responsibility of the factory him¬ 
self. Where little or no experience has 
been had with a factory, I advise begin¬ 
ning on a small scale at first and enlarge 
the capacity of the factory as more experi¬ 
ence is acquired and the interest in the 
factory has grown. I would advise J. D. 
N. to visit one or two successful canning 
factories when in operation and study the 
details of the business, if he can conveni¬ 
ently do so. However, there is some good 
literature published on the subject now, 
which would be of much help to the be¬ 
ginner. The Virginia Experiment Station 
at Blacksburg, as well as some other sta¬ 
tions, have published some good literature 
on the subject. What is best to can in a 
given locality will depend upon local con¬ 
ditions. Tomatoes pay best in some sec¬ 
tions; sugar corn in others, and peaches 
in others. 1 he factors that determine 
these things are the cheapness of the raw 
materials and what they sell for after be¬ 
ing canned. These things should be 
looked into before the factory is built. 
A factory of 5,000 cans capacity per 
day will cost about $350. A factory of 
1,000 cans capacity may be sufficient to 
start with. This would, of course, cost 
much less. I advise interesting local mer¬ 
chants in handling the goods first; begin 
with driving out all imported goods. Make 
it a specialty to put up a first-class article, 
then guarantee the goods. If you do this 
you might contract with some large fac¬ 
tory to put up so many thousand cans for 
the factory and use their labels. Of course 
no factory would, want to do this after 
building up an experience of its own. J. 
1). N. appears to be a large fruit and vege¬ 
table grower. I have always contended 
for some time that such individuals might 
have a small factory to cost about $75 
t r put up such products that would not 
pay to ship. An an instance, the market 
price might go down and leave the grower 
with a large surplus on hand to waste. 
Such a small factory would save this waste. 
It would be something like having an in¬ 
surance on his products. A number of 
growers have taken this advice and are 
now using small factories successfully. 
Virginia. R. H. price. 
Water and Galvanized Iron Pipes. 
Some weeks ago we were asked if water 
drawn through galvanized iron pipes is in¬ 
jurious. it has been claimed that the gal¬ 
vanizing is liable to “poison” the water. We 
have never heard of such a case, and so re¬ 
plied by mail. The questioner was not satis¬ 
fied with this reply and calls for an opinion 
from the authorities. Here are two com¬ 
ments. We shall be glad to hear from 
others: , 
I have not met with any instances where 
the use of galvanized iron piping has bee;, 
detrimental to the health of those who use 
the water conveyed by it. I cannot 
hear of any such instances from inquiries 
on the subject. Galvanized iron is simply 
iron covered with zinc, and I cannot see 
that there is any risk whatever in its use 
unless in exceptional cases there were 
chemical substances in the water to act 
upon the zinc. G. u. 
We have no record in this Department 
of galvanized iron used for water tanks or 
pipes proving injurious to health. No case 
of suspicion of it has been brought to our 
notice or made the subject of investiga¬ 
tion. There would appear to be little 
probability for it, for the possibility of 
admixture of foreign poisonous substances 
in connection with the coating material of 
the iron, which itself is innocuous, is so 
remote practically as to be disregarded. 
DANIEL LEWIS. 
N. Y. Commissioner of Health. 
Starting a Small Hothouse. 
G. If. B., So. Berwick, Me .—1 would like 
to see full particulars for making and start¬ 
ing a greenhouse for raising a small number 
of plants, such as tomatoes, cabbage, celery, 
etc.; a few hundred plants of each. Would 
it lie better to dig into the bank? 1 have 
a hill sloping to the south. What size glass 
would be best to use, and would it be better 
with any glass on the north side? Could it- 
be kept warm with a small coal stove, and if 
so would it be best to have funnel below 
benches or iu top of building? About how 
warm should it be kept for best results? 
What kind of soil and how to prepare it, also 
soil for transplanting into boxes? What is 
the best manure to use? I can get almost 
any kind. 
Ans. —My advice first would be to pur¬ 
chase Prof. L. R. Taft’s book on Green¬ 
house Construction. This very practical 
and valuable work describes every style ot 
greenhouse and method of heating. In 
building into a bank you do not obtain as 
much sun as when the house is built 
north and south, and every ray of sun is 
valuable. Still, good work can be done in 
a lean-to. If built into a bank do not 
have any soil come in contact with the 
wood, as it will decay. Glass 1(5x24, and 
all you can get; the more glass the less 
liability of plants damping off. Coal 
stoves are liable to leak gas, and ruin the 
crop in a very few minutes. It is not good 
economy to have one. Better have the 
house piped and heated properly by an 
expert who will guarantee a certain tern- 
composed, will do. i he soil is a hard 
thing to describe. Better visit some green¬ 
house and see for yourself. It is very im¬ 
portant, as if the soil is just right the 
seedlings will make double the root 
growth and so be much less liable to 
damp off when transplanted. Use good 
light loam, mixed with the rotted dress¬ 
ing, adding sand if necessary. If it then 
packs when wet, get some wood soil, de¬ 
cayed leaf mold or pine needles (decayed) 
and mix. It must be light when wet and 
not crust when dry. You need not be so 
particular about the soil for the flats when 
you transplant, but remember that a loose 
soil, full of vegetable humus, will give 
best results. A visit to some market gar¬ 
dener’s houses will give more information 
than anyone can write. F. c. c. 
Seed Balls on Potatoes. 
J. R. O., Ilermon, III .—Is there any known 
artificial manner of producing seed bails on 
potato vines? Years ago they were quite 
common, but of late years the blossoms all 
fall off. 
Ans. —There seems to be no artificial 
way of inducing potatoes to produce seed 
balls. Most oi the varieties now culti¬ 
vated are quite sterile, and produce no pol¬ 
len. Occasionally one may run across 
vigorous old varieties that bear seeds free¬ 
ly. These may be planted near the new 
kinds and the pollen distributed with a 
brush, or in tne natural manner by insects, 
and cause the other plants to bear, but it 
is a very uncertain business. About the 
best way to do is to search over the fields 
when the potatoes are dug and use any 
seed balls that may be discovered. 
WHAT SAVED THE ORCHARD? 
The Fruit Trade Journal prints the fol¬ 
lowing note (dated July 9) from Medina, 
N. Y.: 
“Jay Allis, the expert fruit grower of this 
town, explains why out of bis peach orchard 
of 50 acres of trees he lost less than live 
acres from the terrible Winter, which wiped 
out whole orchards and is estimated to have 
killed from 20 to 50 per cent of trees in the 
orchards all over Niagara County. He as¬ 
cribes his results to the hardiness and health 
of the trees owing to thorough cultivation, 
spraying and fertilizing, the absence of wind¬ 
breaks, which prevent the wind from driving 
the frost away, and, the strangest of all, to 
chickweed. Chickweed does not grow on 
poor land, but ou Mr. Allis's orchard lands 
it would be a pest if it did not prove just the 
thing needed. All Summer long he keeps nu¬ 
merous teams with spring-tooth drags going 
up and down the rows cultivating the land 
and keeping the weeds down, but when Fall 
comes and the.picking is done, he lets prolific 
chickweed have its way, and the thick matted 
weed and tangled roots grow to a cover 
around the trees as thick as could possibly be 
devised by an artificial mulch. This pro¬ 
tects the roots through the cold mouths, and 
the past Winter undoubtedly saved the trees 
from destruction. Large gangs of men are 
at work Iu Mr. Allis's orchard picking off at 
least 50 per cent of tlie young peaches, which 
hang too thickly on the trees to mature well. 
The crop will be an enormous one. Mr. Allis 
has made a conservative order for 15,000 
baskets, but if nothing unforeseen Occurs will 
have from 20,000 to 25,000 baskets of Craw¬ 
ford. Flberta, Mountain Hose, and other fine 
varieties.” 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
AGRICULTURAL 
L I 3VL E . 
The Ohio Lime Co , manufacturers of 
Lime for Land purposes. 
Write for particulars. 
THE OHIO LIME CO.. - TOLEDO, OHIO. 
WATER PROBLEM SOLVED. 
Uac-hine for Domestic Well making. Cheapest by 
half; most practical of any. Catalogue free. 
KOGER & SONS, MOORESBURG, TENN. 
is 
Who Testif ies? 
(The Highest Authorities That Exist. The Govern¬ 
ment, State Authorities, Leading Breeden 
of All Classes. 
The sovereign remedy for destroying . 
disease germs and warding off all forms J 
' of contagion. If you believe that high¬ 
est li e stock possibilities come from 
perfect health, follow fclio lead of noted 
I breeders,the teachings of veterinarians, 
scientists and professors of auimai 
husbandry* and use world famous 
Zenoleum 
Disinfectant, Antiseptic, Lies Killer. 
The nearest approach to an absolute . 
guarantee against contagion. Kills lice, j 
cures Spanish itch, mange, ringworm, 
sores, screw-worms, cult cholera, etc. 
Used exclusively for 8 successive years 
to avoid contagion at the International 
i Live Stock Exposition at Chicago. 
I "The Great Coal Tar Carbolic Disinfectant Dip." 
Sample gallon of Zenolomn by express pre¬ 
paid, $1.50; 6 gallons, freight prepaid, *6 25. 
Learn or Zenoleum, Its missloa, Its power. 
Its standing, by sending for free books, “Vet¬ 
erinary Adviser 1 ' and “Biggie's Troubles. 11 
ZENNER DISINFECTANT CO., 
tOO Bates St., Detroit, Mloh. 
r 
Southwick 
Two Horse Full Circle . 
BALING PRESSES ' 2 *? 
make the solid compact bales 
that fill cars and save freight. ^ 
Capacity opening is 
Guaranteed almost double 
12 to IB the size of others, 
tons a jpyfKAy ‘ - Low bridge—7 Inches 
day. high—for horses to step 
Vi J r over. Strong,safe, light. 
jQGBSpS Adapted to bank barns. 40 
Sizes and Styles, Horse and Steam 
power, Wood or Steel Construction. 
SANDWICH MFG. CO 
I R 7 Mnln St. 
Sandwich. Ill 
Qreen Mountain 
and Not-LI-Mah* 
SILOS 
lead all others in preserving and 
convenience. Rightly curved 
perfect fitting staves, tongued 
and grooved, extra strong 
hoops, new patent door. Also 
handle Cream ry Supplies, En¬ 
silage Ma hiuery. Gasoline En¬ 
gines, etc., everything the best. 
Books free. Write for a copy 
today. 
STODDARD MFC. CO.. Rutlaad, Vt, 
oil Q A perfect steel frame silo with guar- 
OILVO anteed workmanship and material. 
10x20 silo $78.37. Speolal terms to Farmer’s Clubs 
A Granges. The International Silo Co., Jefferson, o. 
Send for Catalog D- 418 
EMPIRE 
DRILLS 
Plant Just Ri£ht 
fmp/re 0/i//\s/on 
American Seeding-Machine (<>. 
^ Springfield. Ohio. 
perature when the mercury is at the low¬ 
est point it ever reaches in section named. 
For tomatoes 55 degrees at night is low 
enough. When T say guarantee I mean 
it; not a verbal, but a written one, by a 
man who will make the necessary changes 
if he has not given enough. Almost any 
manure, horse or cow, if thoroughly de- 
§ ni PR -v 
"* • « -- . *v'* • V .» 
8 x £»• V t* rN . • - - •• 
NATIONAL FIREPROOFING CO., 
Inexpensive, Durable, Attractive 
Farm Houses, Darns and all o»her buildings can be 
erected of our Hollow Bui,ding Blocks, either PL, A! AT 
or ItOCE PACE, at a less cost than of brick. 
Also used for foundations. 
Prices and catalogue furnished upon request. 
Koom 804 Bessemer, Building, 
P1TTSBL1U1, PA. 
