1004. 
577 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Events of the Week. 
DOMESTIC.—A general strike of men engaged in the 
packing houses started in Chicago July 12, and was settled 
July 20. Prices of dressed meat began to increase at 
once. Nearly 100,000 men were out in the nine cities directly 
affected by the strike, and industries representing over $152,- 
000,000 of capital were tied up. The country west of the 
Rocky Mountains was not appreciably affected by the trou¬ 
ble, and the South, also, was well able to take care of its 
wants through local abattoirs. The strikers say that they 
went out to prevent a reduction in their pay, while the oper¬ 
ators declare that the men demanded an increase and had 
refused an offer of arbitration. Rioting, in which one man 
was shot, another stabbed, and four negroes clubbed and badly 
beaten, occurred in the stock yards at Chicago July 17. 
Twenty persons were killed and about 25 injured 
July 13 in a collision on the Chicago and Eastern Illinois 
Railroad at Glenwood, 111., 28' miles south of Chicago. The 
collision occurred between a picnic train which was returning 
from Momence, Ill., and a freight train, into the rear end of 
which the excursion train dashed at high speed. 
Contracts made by incorporated labor unions with manufac¬ 
turers prohibiting the employment of non-union workingmen 
are void, according to a decision announced by Judge Ludwig 
in the Circuit Court at Milwaukee, Wis., July 18. It is the 
first decision upon the question in Wisconsin, and was given 
in the suit brought by the Milwaukee Custom Tailors’ I nion 
against a local concern which made an agreement with the 
tailors to employ only union workmen. A temporary injunc¬ 
tion was obtained, but this, Judge Ludwig rules, was improp¬ 
erly issued. The decision goes further than the contract be¬ 
tween the union and the manufacturers, holding also that 
contracts requiring the employment of only union labor are 
void. The court says it is class discrimination. . . . 
Fire destroyed all of the surface improvements of the Amer¬ 
ican Mine at Gladstone, Col.. July 15. The loss is $125,000. 
The Baltimore and Ohio grain elevator, Eighty-sev¬ 
enth street and Ontario avenue. South Chicago, was burned 
July 15. A quantity of grain was in the building and the 
loss is put at $850,000. The lire- is believed to have been 
caused by an explosion of dust in the elevator. The elevator 
is in the midst of the railroad yards, and the railroad com¬ 
pany's loss in' rolling stock is about $35,000. ... A jury 
has awarded to the Center Star Mining Company of Ross- 
land. It. C., $12,500 damages against the Western Federation 
of Miners, Roseland Miners’ Union and their officers for ma¬ 
liciously conspiring to molest and injure the plaintiff and 
other Itossland mine owners during the strike last year, if 
the verdict stands the test of an appeal to tlie higher courts, 
it is felt by trade unionists that the right to strike in British 
Columbia is practically forbidden. The case will be appealed 
largely because the jury found that the defendants had not 
conspired to induce men who had entered into contracts 
with the mining company to break such contracts. The 
miners’ union owns a hall in Itossland valued at about, 
$5,000. Seizure of this and of property belonging to the 
individual defendants will cause much trouble. . . . The 
powder mills of the Enterprise Powder Company at Grace- 
dale, near Wilkesbarre, Pa., were struck by lightning July 18 
and exploded. The dry house and the press house, contain¬ 
ing 000 kegs, were blown up, only two holes in the ground 
remaining to show where they once stood. The other mills 
were damaged. 
ADMINISTRATION.—One of the first decisions rendered 
by Secretary Metcalf was an interpretation of the law 
enacted in 1891 forbidding the admission into the United 
States of alien polygamists. Never before has there been a 
decision upon the question, although numerous Mormon 
proselytes from Europe have come in every year. Recently 
the immigration authorities at New York decided to make a 
test case by detaining an English woman who bad embraced 
the Mormon faith. She acknowledged her belief in polyg¬ 
amy, but declared that personally she would never enter upon 
a plural marriage. This was considered a good test case 
and the question was referred to the Secretary of Commerce 
and Labor. Secretary Metcalf holds that the law is not 
susceptible of an interpretation which will exclude those who 
merely believe in polygamy'and that it applies only to those 
who actually practise it. The law merely excludes "polyg¬ 
amists,” unlike the law against Anarchists, which applies 
not only to those who practise it, but even those who believe 
in its principles. Mormons, therefore, unless they have ac¬ 
tually contracted plural marriages, cannot be denied admis¬ 
sion as immigrants because of their beliefs. 
PANAMA.—In carrying out its plans for the sanitation 
of the Panama Canal Zone tfie Isthmian Canal Commission 
will shortly advertise for bids for 100,000 yards of wire 
netting with which to screen the various buildings along 
the line of the canal, so as to protect the officials and em¬ 
ployees from the mosquitoes, which carry yellow and ma¬ 
larial fevet. This will be probably the largest single order 
of wire screening ever placed. Experience lias shown that 
ordinary wire screens do not last more than six months 
in 'hat moist climate, and Gov. Davis of the Canal Zone 
lias recommended the use of galvanized steel, brass or copper 
wire, which will be much more durable. The work of sani¬ 
tation now going on under the direction of Dr. Gorgas in¬ 
cludes not only a general cleaning up of the towns and 
villages, but a systematic anti-mosquito crusade. Ponds and 
pools of standing water are being covered with kerosene, 
etc. Work has also begun on the drainage of swamps and 
like mosquito breeding places in the zone, which will re¬ 
quire something like a year to complete. So far there have 
been but few cases of yellow fever, and but one American 
has died from the disease. 
PHILIPPINES.—A cloudburst over the hills northeast of 
Manila caused a flood which has destroyed San Juan del 
Monte July 12. Two hundred lives were lost. The low- 
- lying districts were inundated. The homes of Americans 
and foreigners were isolated. Transportation through the 
streets was carried on in boats only. Rain fell for 27 hours, 
totalling seventeen and one-fil’th inches. This is unpre¬ 
cedented. The damage to property is estimated at 
$ 2 , 000 , 000 . 
GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS.—Paul Kruger. President of 
the Transvaal from 1883 to 1900. died at Clarens, Switzer¬ 
land. July 14. of senile pneumonia. He was born October 10, 
1825. at Colesburg, Cape Colony, of German parents, and in 
1830 was with his parents in the great "trek" northward 
from Cape Colony to found the new Dutch Republic. In 
the same vear he'killed Ills first lion. lie became a leader 
among the Boers early in life, and at the age of 17 was 
made a magistrate. Taking part in the conflicts among the 
Boers then selves he became noted for his great strength and 
prowess. in 1860 he beaded the movement against Presi¬ 
dent Sehoeman. In 1803 he was chosen commandant-general 
of the republic. He put down civil strife and defeated negro 
tribes. As vice-president under President Burger’s adminis¬ 
tration Kruger in 1877 led fhe protest against annexation 
to Cape Colony. In 1880 he was chosen vice-president of 
the reorganized republic, and was prominent in the war that 
followed, in which the Boers won back their independence 
under a British suzerainty. In 1883 Kruger was elected 
Presidenr of the Transvaal over General .Toubert, being re¬ 
elected in 1888. 1893 and 1898. Kruger became practically 
dictator, so great was bis Influence over his countrymen, 
and stoutly opposed British aggression. In 1895. when the 
Jameson raid occurred, Kruger turned over Dr. Jameson to 
'the British for punishment, but for four years thereafter 
he was busy preparing for war with Great Britain, and 
placed the Transvaal’ in condition for defense. In 1899 war 
was deviated against Great Britain. On June 5, 1900, Pre¬ 
toria fell, and Kruger tied to Portuguese territory, and on 
October 19’ sailed for Europe. In 1901 took up his resi¬ 
dence in Holland. On July 21. 1901, the second wife of 
Kruger died in Pretoria. In October. 1902. he published a 
volume of memoirs bitterly assailing Cecil Rhodes and other 
Englishmen of South Africa. He lived at Meutone, France, 
until just before his death. 
PUBLIC MARKETS AND LICENSE. 
Right to Regulate Produce Sales. 
Persons in Dunkirk have arranged two buildings run¬ 
ning from one street to the other for the purpose of rent¬ 
ing stalls to anyone wishing them, principal.}' to farmers 
for selling produce and meats, and have applications in 
for the stalls for notions, dry goods, foreign fruits, restau¬ 
rant, etc. The city officials seem to object to our scheme, 
and have posted a resolution putting on $1,500 license a year, 
a copy of which follows. There has been a street market 
for three or four years, backing up to a curbstone Winter 
and Summer, in front of private property, of which the 
owners of the buildings own the largest part; the growers 
and market men have been driven from one place to the 
other ever since it started on account of property owners 
objecting. The new mayor of the city has also proposed, 
in his inaugural speech, that the market ought to be abol¬ 
ished, he being a grocer. The buildings were worked on 
this Spring, and were almost ready when the resolution 
was passed. The mayor declares he will not let us have 
a market, for which purpose the prohibitive resolution. 
It is proposed to make an,arcade of the buildings; a 
walk through center building about 200 feet long. There 
seems to be nothing in the city charter prohibiting it, hence 
the resolution : 
By Councilman F. 1). Matteson— 
Resolved, That the Common Council of the City of Dun¬ 
kirk does hereby enact the following ordinance: 
“That any person or persons conducting, maintaining 
or operating a public market place for the selling or offer¬ 
ing for sale of any produce, merchandise or other goods in 
the City of Dunkirk, for private gain or benefit, shall be 
required to pay a license of $1,500 for a year or any 
part of a year to the Common Council of the City of 
Dunkirk for such privileges, and such market place shall 
be subject to all city regulations heretofore in force, and 
be subject to Inspection and examination by the Board of 
Health. 
“This ordinance shall take effect immediately after its 
publication for two weeks, as required by the City Charter; 
carried by all voting aye.” J. c. t. 
Fredonia, N. Y. 
The Legislature has power to authorize a municipal 
corporation to regulate the sale of produce within its 
boundaries. The regulation of markets has always 
been deemed a proper subject of municipal concern. 
The power comes under what is commonly known as 
the police power, which the Legislature may delegate to 
the municipalities, and the exercise of which is neces¬ 
sary for the public good. Under it municipal ordi¬ 
nances, where their charters are sufficiently broad, may 
prohibit the peddling or hawking of produce and meats 
within the public streets without a license; may limit the 
hours when fruits, garden or farm produce may be sold 
in the streets; may compel hackmen, cartmen, etc., to 
take out a license; may regulate theaters, livery stables, 
butchers and various other forms of business, and may 
limit the localities within which such business may be 
conducted. But the power to regulate and license does 
not carry with it the power to tax, nor can the munic¬ 
ipality under the guise of regulating, absolutely pro¬ 
hibit, as has been frequently attempted. The validity 
of each particular ordinance case depends upon the ex¬ 
tent of power granted by the Legislature in its charter 
to the municipality passing the ordinances, and the rea¬ 
sonableness of the ordinance to carry out the purposes 
of the grant. 
The charter of the city of Dunkirk empowers the Com¬ 
mon Council to make ordinances to regulate slaughter 
houses and markets for the sale of fresh meat, or fish, 
fruit and vegetables, and to prohibit the building or 
using of the same except at such place as the Common 
Council shall designate. This provision does not au¬ 
thorize the Common Council absolutely to prohibit the 
establishment of markets for the sale of fresh meat, 
fish, fruit and vegetables. If such an ordinance were 
passed it would be void as in restraint of trade. Such 
markets, within the city limits, may be regulated, and 
may be confined to certain localities, but they may not 
be prohibited. The power conferred by the charter is 
“to regulate;” not to prohibit and destroy. Nor does 
this provision in terms confer power upon the Common 
Council to compel persons conducting markets to take 
out a license, and it is very doubtful whether the power 
to regulate carries with it power to license. The two 
things, it has been held, are not the same. But even if 
the power had been granted to the Common Council to 
license, the license fee demanded could not be unjust or 
oppressive in amount, nor placed at such a figure as to 
be prohibitive. The rules and regulations established 
must be reasonable and designed only for the purpose 
of carrying out the powers conferred upon the Council 
by the Legislature. If the license fee exacted in this 
case is so large as to prevent the establishment of a 
market, or to cripple and oppress it with a.heavy and 
unjust burden, as compared with other business, then 
the ordinance is unreasonable, is not designed for the 
common benefit, nor within the powers conferred upon 
the Council., and would be held to be void, for that 
reason,, and because in restraint of trade. The right to 
sell produce and merchandise and establish markets for 
that purpose in the city of Dunkirk does not depend 
upon the will of the Common Council. That right is 
inherent to every individual that chooses to exercise it. 
'fhe Legislature has given power to the Common Coun¬ 
cil to regulate such markets, but that power must be 
exercised within reasonable limits, and only for the pur¬ 
pose of regulating the business for the public benefit. 
The moment the regulation goes beyond the necessities 
of the occasion it becomes an unauthorized interference 
with private business and unlawful. 
The ordinance in question, exacting a license fee ot 
$1,500 a year, from any person operating a market seems 
to fall within the latter class. The reason is that its 
effect will be not to regulate public markets, but to pro¬ 
hibit them. Even if the power to license is conferred 
by the city charter, the fee established for the issuance 
of a license must be kept within reasonable limits. It 
may be made large enough reasonably to compensate the 
city for the trouble in issuing it, and looking after the 
enforcement of its regulations, but nothing more. In 
this case it would, according to the statement of facts, 
seem to have passed all reasonable limits. 
CROP NOTES. 
Crops never were better here than now. Apples are fine; 
potatoes, hay, wheat and grain crops generally the same. 
The young apple trees are all coming nicely; peaches pretty 
well used up. There is a crop of Timothy on the peach 
orchard that will make close to three tons per acre, so I 
shall not lose use of land. grant g. hitchings. 
Onondaga Co., N. Y. 
The hay crop in Michigan seems to be of somewhat irreg¬ 
ular quality, and as the farmers are now right in the midst 
of haying, it is a little hard to tell how the crop will 
turn out. From such information as we have been able 
to secure so far. the crop in the eastern part of the State 
seems to be lighter than it was last season, and we under¬ 
stand that the old meadows in particular are showing 
up poorly. In the western part of the State' conditions seem 
to be more favorable, and if we have 10 days of good 
weather a very fair crop will be harvested. 
Detroit, Mich. FERKtN BROTHERS COMPANY. 
FARMERS LOSE MILK MONEY. 
The Utica. N. Y., Observer prints the following letter 
from Cassville, N. Y.: 
“Nearly two years ago the patrons of the Newark Milk 
and Cream Co. became dissatisfied with the price of milk, as 
the company refused to pay them the same price as other 
companies were allowing their patrons. Meetings were held, 
but the farmers and the company could reach no satisfac¬ 
tory agreement. In the Spring of 1903 the farmers banded 
together and erected a building of their own about a hun¬ 
dred feat distant from the Newark station, contemplating 
the control of their milk in New York City. At the comple¬ 
tion of the. new station, the stockholders attempted to con¬ 
trol the sale in New York, but their efforts were handi¬ 
capped, as the I). L. & \V. railroad refused to stop their 
trains for tlie milk. The railroad has a contract with 
New York companies prohibiting them from stopping for 
milk at stations not under the control of these companies. 
As a consequence the station was leased to tlie Tuxedo Milk 
Company ot New York, the same company having at the time 
18 stations in operation. Affairs ran smoothly until the 
latter part of last May. when the payment for the milk 
failed to ceme. A meeting of the stockholders was held, 
and they appointed two men from their own number to visit 
New York and investigate the financial status of the firm. 
“The two men appointed went to New York. They were 
treated royally by the firm of the Tuxedo Milk and Cream 
Co., being’ entertained at baseball games, drives about the 
city, dinners and last, but not least, a trip to Coney Island. 
They were told that it was true that the company was in 
hard shape financially, but for them to go back to the 
country and report that the firm in a short time would be 
all right. The delegates returned and reported accordingly, 
and related with smiling countenances the Incidents of 
their trip to the metropolis. Not. more than 15 days after 
the return of the embassy the Tuxedo Milk Co. made an as¬ 
signment and the loss of the farmers amounts to $10,000. 
The station owned by the farmers leased to the Tuxedo 
Milk Co. is idle and the farmers are compelled to carry their 
milk to the Newark station and accept the prices paid there. 
There is not a finer building for the purpose nor a better 
equipment in Oneida County. The milk situation is being 
agitated everywhere, and Ibis experience of the local far¬ 
mers has not alone injured this immediate community, but 
it is an injury to the farmers of every locality, who are 
endeavoring to’ secure just prices for their produce. On the 
other hand, it is of the greatest moment to the companies of 
New York City, as they will think it will be a lesson to all 
farmers in refusing to accept prices which they see fit to 
make.” __ 
POTATO NOTES.—I find the acreage equal to and per¬ 
haps a small percentage more than Iasi year, and the 
stand and condition of growth at this date also somewhat 
better. I also note more interest and care given, more 
fertilizers used on the potato crop than usual, and as a 
consequence there will be more spraying done than ever 
before on the crop, which at least will be but a small per¬ 
centage of the potato crop. On the other hand, planting 
was fully as late as last year, and instead of a drought we 
have had continual rains: soil unsuited to cultivation much 
of the time, and another important factor not to be lost 
sight of is the quality of the seed planted. A large part of 
the 1904 crop was planted with small potatoes of low vital¬ 
ity. thus engendering disease with excesses of heat and 
moisture. However. I have no predictions to make. I 
believe about crop reporting much the same as the old 
darkey did about dead sure things when he said : “They are 
carried by all voting aye.” 
Ontario Co., N. Y. 
WESTERN BEEF CATTLE. This locality, near Kansas 
City, is devoted almost exclusively to growing fruit aud veg¬ 
etables. The cattlemen generally complain of low prices: 
say they have not been aide to meet expenses for the past 
year. The cause of the high price of beef and the low 
‘price of cattle is generally ascribed to the packing combine. 
No doubt this is true, and no doubt the people will continue 
to he pinched till they learn that they have some rights that 
the corporations are bound to respect. If i might be per¬ 
mitted to express an opinion I would say that the cure for 
this, as well as many other ills that afflict us, is Govern¬ 
ment ownership of railroads, telegraphs and all other public 
utilities. There could be no packing combine of the rail¬ 
roads and telegraphs were operated for all the people alike. 
It : s folly to make laws to regulate railroads so long as the 
railroads’are in the hands of the people against whom the 
laws are directed. The fruit prospect is bad; no apples, 
few peaches, and plums and berries spoiling on account of 
too much rain. w. D. c. 
Edwardsville, Kan._ 
BUSINESS BITS. 
Bean growers will do well to look into the merits of the 
Caledonia bean harvester and buncher before the time for 
bean harvesting arrives. The manufacturer claims that it 
will pav for Itself with two days' use. Write for catalogue 
and full information to Caledonia Bean Harvester Works, 
Caledonia, N. Y. 
For the farmer who is contemplating buying a feed and 
ensilage cutter, there's an endless number of good sound 
reasons why he should learn all about the Blizzard Feed 
and Ensilage Cutter or Shredder with Wind Elevator. This 
colter is manufactured by the Joseph Dick Agricultural 
Works, Box 69, Canton. Ohio, and they make the claim that 
it will, without exception, do "better work than any other 
ensilage or fodder cutter ever made.” The manufacturers 
extend an invitation to farmers everywhere to write for 
their free catalogue. This booklet tells the story. 
The Invention of Frazer’s Axle Grease gave the public an 
opportunity to save the wearing of axles and boxes, and. at 
the same time, used a lubricant that caused vehicles to run 
smoothly and easily. The man who uses oil or lard is prac¬ 
ticing false economy. There is nothing in use that is as good 
as Frazer's Axle Grease. It has body enough to stand the 
wear of heavy loads and works without friction. It is not 
the lowest priced of all axle greases, but it lasts so much 
longer that it costs less, to keep a wagon greased with 
Frazer's than with any of the lower priced imitations. 
Foremost among the makers of ensilage and fodder ma¬ 
chinery is the old and reliable Smalley Mfg. Co., of Mani¬ 
towoc.’Wis. This firm has been making high grade farm ma¬ 
chinery for manv years and their reputation is almost world 
wide. ’ Their forty-seventh annual catalogue has just been 
issued and contains complete and interesting information 
about their line of ensilage and fodder cutters, silo car¬ 
riers and blowers, corn shellers, roots and vegetable cutters, 
feed mills, wood saws and splitters, and their famous Cham¬ 
pion plows. All interested in farm powers may secure a 
copy of this valuable booklet by simply writing the makers. 
