1904. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
589 
SAN JOSE SCALE IN NEW YORK• 
It Cannot Be Let Alone. 
It is very difficult to estimate accurate¬ 
ly just how much damage is due to the 
San Jose scale, because a number of fac¬ 
tors are to be taken into consideration. 
The location, variety of trees and care 
they receive all have a bearing upon their 
ability to resist the attacks of this insect. 
We call to mind, however, a large orchard 
in the immediate vicinity of Albany which 
would have been practically destroyed by 
the San Jose scale several years ago had 
the owner not made a most vigorous fight 
for the life of his trees, and in orchards 
adjacent, not excepting old trees, there 
has been serious injury. In fact, I was 
informed recently that one orchard of 
about an acre in extent, composed of large 
trees 40 years old or more, was practically 
ruined by this pest. Considerable por¬ 
tions of a large peach orchard known to 
me in Orange County have been de¬ 
stroyed by this scale insect within two or 
three years, in spite of the fact that the 
owner made some attempts, though not 
always very wise ones, to check its depre¬ 
dations. There is no doubt in my mind 
but what the San Jose scale is capable of 
destroying entire apple, pear, peach and 
plum orchards in the more important fruit 
sections of New York State, provided no 
attempt is made to control it. On the 
other hand, I know of several large or¬ 
chards where the pest has been estab¬ 
lished in considerable numbers for as 
much as 10 years, and where the trees 
have not suffered materially because the 
owners have fought the insect intelligent¬ 
ly. I do not know of a single orchard 
which has outgrown injury by the scale, 
yet such may possibly exist in the west¬ 
ern part of the State. 1 do not see how 
we can, under present conditions, ex¬ 
pect to grow fruit in an orchard infested 
by San Jose scale without thorough treat¬ 
ment for the control of the pest, and from 
what I have seen here and there and my 
experiments, I am convinced that the con¬ 
trol of this dangerous species is entirely 
practicable, and within certain limits 
liardly more difficult than treatment for 
the Codling moth, Apple tree-borers and 
some other pests which have been with 
;;s for years. It seems to me that the 
outlook for fruit growing in New York 
Slate is decidedly brighter, so far as scale 
injury is concerned, than it was two or 
three years ago, because we feel certain 
that in lime-sulphur combinations, even 
though widely different formulas be em¬ 
ployed, we have an entirely practicable 
method of controlling this new pest of the 
horticulturist. It does not seem to me 
that the presence of this insect threatens 
the fruit crop of New York as a whole. 
It will simply compel the adoption of 
more modern methods by those desirous 
of growing fruit, while others will be 
driven out of the business, and the mar¬ 
ket, in a measure, will be relieved of a 
large amount of medium to poor quality 
fruit. While the scale is widely distrib¬ 
uted in the State, yet there are many lo¬ 
calities where great care should be exer¬ 
cised to prevent its introduction, since it 
is one of those forms the fruit grower 
will gladly get along without, e. p. felt. 
New York State Entomologist. 
The Situation in the Hudson Valley. 
Much of the west side of the Hudson 
Valley, with which 1 am familiar, has not 
yet become infested in general with the 
scale. Scattered cases are present, and 
show without question that the scale 
works not on occasional trees here and 
there, except at first; shortly its spread 
is more regular than that of any other 
of its class. I once believed from appar¬ 
ent lack of rapid increase in some rather 
new infestations that perhaps the scale 
was variable in its multiplication, and fruit 
might be grown without regard to it at 
some points, but later years proved that 
these cases of “sleepy” scale awoke with 
such activity that I am sure, aside from 
the cases in which immune varieties are 
grown, or where trees are not thrifty 
enough to support scale fairly, no great 
amount of fruit can be long obtained 
without a spraying appropriation if the 
scale be present. I have seen whole peach 
orchards and currant plantations ruined 
with the scale in the course of three years, 
but the spread is slower than many sup¬ 
pose, and a grower aware of the situation 
is apt to come to the rescue with the 
spray pumps. It takes more thorough 
work than any other class of spraying, and 
on currants the expense cuts very seri¬ 
ously into the margin of profit. On peach 
orchards the cost of $50 to $100 per 1,000 
does not seem to count so much, but it 
does hamper Spring work seriously for 
a farmer to apply a hundred or more bar¬ 
rels of lime, salt, and sulphur, as I know 
some growers do. In the future I can 
see people growing Kieffer pears, sour 
cherries, berries, grapes, gooseberries, and 
other nearly immune classes of fruit with¬ 
out regarding the scale; while for those 
who elect to grow susceptible fruits, a 
tribute at the spray pump will be the 
order. This will mean much to small 
growers and little to large growers. 
There are many individual growers 
miles away from any other fruit, 
and I look to see many of them enjoy 
some years of peace still, but cities and 
villages have gathered samples from every 
nursery in the land and collect undesir¬ 
able pests with the rest. The fruit belts 
also will become infested comparatively 
rapidly, as the great food supply is here 
to favor rapid multiplication. The past 
week has shown the young scale in goodly 
numbers on many trees where “it had all 
been winter-killed,” and even on trees 
treated rather well with lime, salt and 
sulphur there are many young. A Sum¬ 
mer spray is a makeshift to tide over un¬ 
til the dormant season; nevertheless it is 
very useful for that, and after a rather 
wide experience I have settled on a light 
application of a '25 per cent mechanical 
oil emulsion, using 75 per cent of water 
with the oil divided in the proportion of 
one-third kerosene and two-thirds crude 
petroleum. 1 am aware that many will 
consider this strong medicine, but after 
using the oils during four years at 25 
per cent through July and August I am 
convinced that it pays well, and with a 
fairly heavy spraying it is safe on foliage, 
unless it be in the centers of very dense 
peach trees, where I have seen some leaves 
drop. PERCY L. HUESTED. 
In Western New York. 
While the scale has not destroyed any 
large orchards in western or central New 
York, many trees have been cut and 
burned rather than incur the endless job 
of fighting it in large trees, and the de¬ 
struction of many large orchards by the 
scale itself has only been prevented by the 
untiring efforts of the owners, urged on 
by the Department of Agriculture. While 
the scale is known to occur in nearly every 
county in western New York, its spread is 
by no means general, and the fruit grow¬ 
ers of this section are keenly alive to the 
necessity of giving prompt and vigorous 
treatment as soon as its presence becomes 
known. That such treatment is necessary 
is shown by the fact that there are many 
orchards whose fruit was rendered unsal¬ 
able by reason of being specked by the 
scale, and by the further reason that 
after treatment with lime, sulphur and 
salt it was in fine condition and perfectly 
marketable. I never saw an orchard 
where the scale had become established 
from which it disappeared or lessened in 
numbers without treatment, and I do not 
believe such a case exists in the State 
of New York. Through the activities of 
the horticultural inspectors in hunting 
for the San Jose scale, newly infested 
areas are being found, and proper treat¬ 
ment is suggested and enforced, for the 
law is mandatory in this State, and all 
infested trees must be treated or de¬ 
stroyed. The Department of Agriculture 
willingly does all it can to aid owners 
of infested orchards properly to treat 
their trees, instructing them as to formu¬ 
las and details, but insists that its in¬ 
structions be carried out. There is not 
a shadow of doubt that the conditions 
prevailing in this State are immeasurably 
better than they otherwise would have 
been had not instant efforts at control 
been made as soon as an outbreak was 
found, thus checking the natural spread 
of the pest. J. J. barden. 
An Orchard Cannot Outgrow It. 
Even in so cool a climate as the Hudson 
River Valley the San Jose scale is a seri¬ 
ous enemy. When this scale becomes es¬ 
tablished in an orchard, the orchard can¬ 
not outgrow it, and if no treatment is 
given, the orchard will eventually be 
ruined. I believe there is no exception to 
this rule, and that we cannot go on long 
raising fruit with scale present without 
fighting. The fight should be made at the 
start, for if the scale becomes established 
in any considerable number of large trees 
it is practically impossible to dislodge it. 
It has been pretty well proved that the 
lime-sulphur-salt spray will destroy near¬ 
ly all the scale if properly applied. But 
in practice it is extremely difficult and 
expensive to apply it aright in a large 
way, and I cannot be too emphatic in in¬ 
sisting that where discovered it should be 
kept down scrupulously while the infesta¬ 
tion is limited. Stamp it out as you would 
smallpox or a fire, and do not wait till, 
like a conflagration or a devastating 
scourge, it compels you to stand aghast 
at its ravages. Fortunately, as the fe¬ 
male is wingless, its spread is rather slow 
where vigorously fought, but with the 
carelessness of some nurseries and the 
apathetic ignorance of many fruit grow¬ 
ers, I look for a general infestation of all 
orchards in our country within 20 years. 
and a passing of fruit growing from the 
let-alone farmer to the fighting specialist. 
WM. H. hart. 
Beating a Trust. —A word to those who 
object to paying present prices for meat, lte- 
fuse to buy meat from dealers; get all direct 
from the farmers. Boycott all the trust 
goods you possibly can. Compel men to deal 
with you on a fair basis or have as little to 
do with them as possible. When prices are 
fair buy freely. Use fruit aud vegetables till 
meat prices are reasonable ; good time of year 
to do without meat. When linseed oil trust 
was formed 1 refused to use oil, and in our 
business advocated the use of substitutes, and 
have had opportunities to spoil sale for thou¬ 
sands of barrels of oil and tons of oil meal. 
Now oil is cheaper, and we are painting all 
our buildings and urging our customers to use 
freely of oil aud oil meal. Why should we 
not all unite in this method so far as it may 
be possible? Put in electric lights to beat 
Rockefeller or use tallow dips. We pur¬ 
chase supplies so far as possible direct from 
first hands, aud sell the productions of the 
farms largely to the consumer. 
JOHN L. SIIAWVER. 
It. N.-Y.—The advice about using vegeta¬ 
bles aud fruit is good, but what are we to do 
when we live where farmers do not keep 
stock ? 
HOW TO FIND OUT. 
Fill a bottle or common glass with your 
water and let it stand twenty-four hours; 
a sediment or settling indicates an un¬ 
healthy condition of the kidneys; if it 
stains the linen it is evidence of kidney 
trouble; too frequent desire to pass it, or 
pain in the back is also convincing proof 
that the kidneys and bladder are out of 
order. 
What To Do. 
There is comfort in the knowledge so 
often expressed that Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp- 
Root, the great kidney remedy, fulfills 
every wish in curing rheumatism, pain in 
the back, kidneys, liver, bladder and every 
par.t of the urinary passage. It corrects 
inability to hold water and scalding pain 
in passing it, or bad effects following use 
of liquor, wine or beer, and overcomes 
that unpleasant necessity of being com¬ 
pelled to go often during the day, and 
to get up many times during the night. 
The mild and the extraordinary effect of 
Swamp-Root is soon realized. It stands 
the highest for its wonderful cures of the 
most distressing cases. If you need a 
medicine you should have the best. Sold 
by druggists in fifty-cent and one-dollar 
sizes. 
You may have a sample bottle of 
Swamp-Root, the great kidney remedy, 
and a book that tells all about it, both 
sent absolutely free by mail. Address, 
Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y. 
When writing be sure to mention that you 
read this generous offer in the New York 
“Rural New-Yorker.” Don’t make any 
mistake, but remember the name, Swamp- 
Root, Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp-Root, and the 
address, Binghamton, N. Y., on every 
bottle. 
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Wilder’s 
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Cl I A perfect steel iramestio with guar 
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