1004. 
ii * 
r?^H«THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
599j 
MANCHESTER’S DAIRY NOTES. 
Testing for Butter Fat. 
Can you give me the right test if I send 
you what milk I churn and what butter I 
get from the churn? I churn 25 pounds of 
milk and obtained 1 >4 pound butter from 
(hat milk the first of June. What should it 
test? c. c. 
Tioga Co., N. Y. 
If 25 pounds of milk churn 1J4 pound 
of butter, then 100 pounds of milk would 
give five pounds of butter, but as butter 
is only about 85 per cent pure fat, the 
other 15 per cent being water, salt, etc., 
we multiply the five by 85 to get the per 
cent of fat in the milk, and that gives 
us 4.25 as the per cent of fat in the milk. 
This is not strictly accurate, but near 
enough for all practical purposes. 
Cows With Abnormal Appetite. 
We have two cows which we noticed chew¬ 
ing very hard. Upon opening their mouths 
we found quite large pieces of bones they were 
chewing. We have taken several pieces of 
bone and wood from their mouths. They 
seen to be doing well; are in good order; eat 
well, and seem to be all right otherwise. 
Could you tell me what is the cause of this? 
Is it something they lack in their food? 
West Berne, N. Y. w. v. c. 
Sometimes a lack of salt will cause cows 
to chew bones, leather and similar sub¬ 
stances, but usually it indicates a lack of 
sufficient mineral matter in the food. Cows 
that are largely fed upon silage made 
from unripe corn will act in this manner. 
If the cows are fed grain of which bran 
forms a good proportion they will get 
sufficient mineral matter. Try giving them 
a spoonful of bone dust daily in the grain 
food for a few days, or a little blood 
meal. Unless you stop the cause of this 
trouble before they acquire this habit they 
are apt to make a nuisance of themselves 
by chewing on every foreign substance 
that they can get within reach of their 
mouths, and are as bad as the proverbial 
goat. _ h. c. M. 
AN ERROR IN THE KEEPING OF EWES 
In a previous article I gave my ex¬ 
perience with a flock of ewes and their 
lambs, and the losing results from an 
error in management. It is my prefer¬ 
ence to handle only lambs, feeding them 
for market during the late Fall and Win¬ 
ter. Lambs will not readily take corn 
out of the fodder; will not husk it. Ewes 
will, and besides fattening lambs could 
not be fed regularly as regards quantity 
when fed shock corn. Hence to utilize 
a lot of poor shock corn ewes were put in 
the lot and fed liberally with it, also 
what Alfalfa tliev wanted. The expecta¬ 
tion was that the Alfalfa would cause the 
milk secretions to be all right; in fact, 
balance the ration. Besides this I expect¬ 
ed the ewes to have the run of a rye 
field during the Winter and help balance 
the ration, but the Winter was against 
this, and they could get no good of the 
rye till after the lambs began to come. 
Failing in this the ewes did not start their 
lambs quickly. The year before I bought 
in early March 50 very thin ewes that 
were fed liberally on grain till they 
brought their lambs the last of April. 
These had rye in abundance most of the 
time. Their lambs were small, but I did 
not expect much else, as they were from 
a Merino ram probably of inferior quality. 
Had they been from a Down ram, and 
small, I would doubtless have had my at¬ 
tention directed to the mistaken method 
of caring for the ewes. 
As it was, 1 did not, and committed the 
same mistake last Winter, and am now 
doing the best I can to recover from the 
consequences. A recent article in The 
R. N.-Y. along this line clinched the argu¬ 
ment against me. However, as it is, I 
shall come out better than most men who 
grow lambs in the corn belt, for here we 
do not grow roots, and not as a rule oats, 
hence corn as a grain ration is mainly de¬ 
pended on. It is not entirely pleasant to 
write of a mistake, but if in so doing 
others are kept off the breakers, my error 
will be to their gain. As it now stands 
with this flock of sheep almost all the 
ewes will be ready for market when the 
lambs are weaned, while some of the lambs 
will have to be kept longer to get more 
size and fat. The greater part of these 
latter are doubtless twins. 
ROSS Co., Ohio. JOHN M. JAMISON. 
THE COW FOR NEW YORK STATE. 
I heartily endorse Mr. Cook’s ideas in 
regard to the cow for New York or most 
of the Eastern States. We want milkers, 
and good ones. Circumstances may make 
it best for some to try beef. If so, take a 
beef breed, but do not try to get two cows 
in one, for I do not think it can be suc¬ 
cessfully done. c. k. record. 
Madison Co., N. Y. 
Give Us Straight Goods. 
There has been a large amount of talk 
lately in our agricultural papers and in the 
farming community about the dual-pur¬ 
pose cow. One of the most serious prob¬ 
lems we have to contend with in making 
successful milk producers of many of 
those engaged in dairy husbandry is the 
sad fact that there are too many dual- 
purpose farmers. They have neither the 
beef cow as a milk producer, or the milk 
producer as a beef animal. The true dairy 
lype is not, in all my experience, homo¬ 
geneous with the Hereford, Short-horn or 
Angus breeds. The beef animal is in a 
class by itself, and is ready for the block 
two or three years before the milk pro¬ 
ducer is at her best. I fear that one of 
the chief reasons for much of the discon¬ 
tent among us for this low per cent of 
profit in dairying can be charged to the 
fact that at the end of the cow’s profitable 
milk-producing period she can be made 
into beef. But the farmer who cares to 
draw on his financial resources to pur¬ 
chase fat-producing foods to empty into 
an animal whose whole life has been spent 
in working her natural machinery for milk 
secretion has got an uphill job on his 
hands, and when the books are balanced 
the true dairyman who cares to improve 
his herd for milk production with a sire 
of the Ayrshire or Holstein type or for a 
less show of amount, but greater per cent 
of fat, with a Jersey or Guernsey, will be 
able to show this dual purpose man that 
lie has not more than two per cent of but¬ 
ter fat in his argument. You will never 
make a good dog at the hunt out of the 
combination of the bulldog and the hound; 
no amount of breeding will ever make a 
Dan Patch out of a Clydesdale. They are 
too far apart. Good breeders have been 
working at this problem for centuries, get¬ 
ting the classes further apart, that each 
in its turn may fit in the niche where it 
can do its share of the work. The ma¬ 
chine which sells the best to-day is the 
one with the most modern improvements 
and up-to-date requirements of the times. 
A machine that, by nature (nature does 
not change much) will assimilate and 
make into milk the greatest amount, for 
food consumed, is a better article to have 
on the farm than any dual-purpose cow. I: 
would seem, at present, that the great 
milk-producing belt across the Empire 
State, from St. Lawrence to Broome 
County, is putting more dairy goods oi 
the market than it requires. At least tin 
New York Milk Exchange thinks so wliei 
the producers in the 32-cent zone arc 
asked to deliver 40 quarts of milk at their 
respective stations, and receive for the 
same the hignly remunerative sum of 54 
cents per can. This price doesn’t add 
very much to the poetry of a farmer’s 
life; it gives a cloudy appearance to the 
situation, and the promised calico gowi 
to the good wife littles down to an apron. 
When the dual-purpose farmer will learn 
to keep better sires, letting the butcher 
have his steer-shaped cows, and raise 
calves only from cows with dairy form, 
and known milk-producing qualities, he 
will be ready, shortly, to sell as second 
class goods his dual-purpose ideas. 
Oneida Co., N. Y. j. e. head. 
Cow With Leaky That.— Some months 
ago a reader asked a remedy for a cow that 
had leaky teats. The best cows are fre¬ 
quently subject to this trouble when first 
fresh, and in many cases it: becomes chronic 
in a way. Let the milker after drawing the 
full flow rub the end of the teats with a little 
alum; never use plugs of any kind, as they 
only aggravate the case. j. n. s. 
A Sheep Note. —On page 331 is complaint 
of young lambs being bitten and mutilated. Ii 
reminds me of a story told in my early years 
and also of the early introduction of Merint 
sheep into Connecticut, probably about 181; 
to 1825, by General Humphrey of Derby, 
who married a Spanish lady from some south 
ern section of Spanish territory. lie held 
the rams at $1,000 each, and the ewes al 
$500. A brotber-in-law of my stepraothei 
named Levi Candee, of Oxford, Conn., bought] 
one pair and had a nice ewe lamb from same, 
which he vamed at $500, and as the motheij 
and lamb lay in a very warm place he thought' 
to let them remain there while he went home' 
to return again in a short time. What was 
his surprise to find a skunk had killed the 
Iamb and was eating out the brains! I have 
heard It said that the first Merino sheep in i 
troduced into the New England States was 
by this same General Humphrey, but I can¬ 
not state It is the fact, as the story was only 
from hearsay. n. e. plumb. 
Connecticut. 
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