620 
August 20, 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of the writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Tut questions, on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Bitter Rot Fungus on Pear. 
J. L. TF., Overbrook, Pa. —I send a Seckel 
pear showing fungus (?) on the skin. The 
tree has been treated with Bordeaux above 
aud wood ashes below several times in tlie 
three years past; it makes fair wood growth 
and blossoms, but loses ail fruit before or 
about this time. The tree stands in row be¬ 
tween two Lawrence trees, 15 feet between. 
These two trees are in fine shape. What will 
you suggest? 
Ans. —The tree is suffering from Bit¬ 
ter-rot fungus. The scientific men have 
been discussing this disease lately, as it 
attacks apples as well as pears. Spray¬ 
ing experiments have not always given 
satisfactory results. Probably the treat¬ 
ments given these pears have not been 
given frequently enough. Then, too, the 
finding of the cankered branches and their 
temoval seems to be necessary to get best 
results with trees or varieties that be¬ 
come badly infected. If you wish to study 
the subject you should send for bulletins 
to the Illinois Experiment Station, Ur- 
bana, Ill., and the Virginia Station at 
Blacksburg. 
Chopped Dried Apples. 
J. B. IF., Spickard, Mo .—I see in the papers 
that chopped apples, cores and skins are 
shipped to foreign countries and there made 
into wine, the wine shipped back and sold to 
the Americans. I would like to know the 
process by which the wine is made. 
Ans. —Up to a few years ago all the 
chopped apples went to France, and were 
used either by large manufacturers to make 
a cheap clrink, something like cider, or by 
the housewives to brew a small beer, the 
same as we used to make in western North 
Carolina when I was a boy (away back in 
.1858 or 1860) to use in the harvest fields 
for the reapers and binders, and it was 
truly refreshing, too. Of late years we 
sell considerable quantities of chops to 
Germany, where they are sold from the 
groceries to make apple butter and also 
for beer. Cores and skins are used en¬ 
tirely for jelly making, both here and all 
over the world, except when they are old 
or fermented, when they are used for vin¬ 
egar making. The jelly makers color and 
flavor the stock made from cores and 
skins, and furnish currant, peach, goose¬ 
berry or any other kind wanted, all from 
the same kettle. You pay your money 
and take your choice. a. c. worth. 
Piping Water from Small Spring. 
It. F. B., Queenston, Out .—I have a 
spring of good water ou my place, and would 
like to know if it is possible, at reasonable 
expense, to convey the water to the house. 
The distance in a nearly direct line is about 
1,000 feet. The spring is 20 feet below the 
highest point between it and the house; it is 
nearly on a level with a nearby lake of 25 
acres, and has a steady flow of ]4-inch, giv¬ 
ing a gallon a minute. The highest point is 
about 250 feet distant from the spring, and is 
a gradual rise; then there is about 300 feet 
very slight drop and the remainder of the 
way to the house is a sharp drop, and is 
about 100 feet below the spring. The route 
to be followed will require 1,400 feet of pip¬ 
ing. I would also like to know what size of 
piping would be most useful and give the best 
results, taking into consideration the loss by 
friction, etc. 
Ans. —It would not be economically 
practical for R. V. B. to pipe water from 
a spring of so small a volume through so 
long a distance and over so great an ele¬ 
vation. There is not sufficient water to 
permit a ram to be used to raise the water 
over the elevation named, and the height 
is too great for the continuous action of a 
syphon. Even if the pipe were laid five 
feet below the surface over the crest of 
the hill the arch of the syphon would still 
have an elevation of 12 feet, and this 
amount of suction would cause air to es¬ 
cape from the water and collect in the 
bend, eventually stopping the flow. It 
would not be admissible to use less than 
an inch pipe, as the discharge from a 
three-fourths inch pipe 1,400 feet long, even 
under a head of 16 feet, which is inad¬ 
missible, would not exceed a gallon per 
minute. Then, even with galvanized pipe, 
rusting at the couplings with so slow a 
flow would in time clog the pipe. If large 
pipe were used the rate of discharge would 
nave to be regulated by reducing the out¬ 
let, otherwise the syphon would empty 
itself by lowering the water in the spring 
until the end could take air. f. h. k. 
Tankage for Grass. 
F. C. C., Sandy Creek, Me .—I v/ish you 
would say something regarding the top-dress¬ 
ing of grass lands with tankage, and when il 
can be applied? The profitable use of nitrate 
with hay at $12 is a serious question. The 
chemicals under the formula which you gave 
on page 541 would cost us about $16 per 
acre, or one and one-third ton hay for fer¬ 
tilizer alone. 
Ans. —On page 541 we were discussing 
Geo. M. Clark’s plan for fertilizing. The 
New Jersey Experiment Station has found 
that with hay at $12 a ton the use of fair 
quantities of nitrate of soda gave a profit 
of $5 per acre. We would use 500 pounds 
JERSEY HERD 
Six Cows; Two two-year-old Heifers; Two 
Yearling Heifers; Two Heifer 
Calves, 8 months old. 
All Registered and Bred in Fashionable Lines. 
All but the calves have been bred to one of the best bulls 
in Westchester County. The owner has 
NO ROOM FOR THEM, 
AND MY ORDERS ARE TO 
Sell Them—and Sell Them Quickly. 
W^liite Plains, INT. Y. 
ligr’Come and see them at WHITE PLAINS, or, if you 
of the mixture given on page 541 rather | can not come, write for particulars, 
than use tankage instead of nitrate. What 
does nitrogen in tankage cost? An aver¬ 
age sample contains six per cent, or 120 
pounds of nitrogen and 15 per cent or 300 
pounds of phosphoric acid to the ton. The 
cost of phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 
is the standard. You can buy a ton of acid 
phosphate with 13 per cent or 260 pounds 
phosphoric acid for about $ 12 , which makes 
the cost of a pound of phosphoric acid 
about 4.6 cents. The phosphoric acid in 
the tankage therefore can be bought for 
$13.80. A ton of tankage will cost at re- 
Wilders 
'Whirlwind’ 
MR. BECKMAN’S IIOE. See rage 619. 
tail at least $30. Thus the 120 pounds of 
nitrogen cost $16.20 or VZ'/z cents a pound. 
Nitrate of soda contains 320 pounds of ni¬ 
trogen per ton. At $45 the nitrogen costs 
a little over 14 cents a pound. This rough 
figuring is not accurate, as we do not know 
the retail prices in your local market, but 
if you figure it out in this way you will 
find that tankage is not a cheap source of 
nitrogen for grass. In New Jersey the 
average cost of a pound of nitrogen in ni¬ 
trate of soda was 14 cents, while in tank¬ 
age the pound cost nearly 16j4 cents. 
Even at the same price or with tankage 
giving a cheaper pound of nitrogen we 
would much prefer to buy nitrate and acid 
phosphate for grass. The tankage will 
give good results for corn, potatoes or 
other plants which require the entire sea¬ 
son, and do most of their growing in late 
summer. It will give fair results for the 
second crop of grass, but it is not soluble 
enough to force the grass in early Spring 
when the soil is cold. This is the time 
when the grass must be forced if we are to 
expect a heavy crop, for the soil is moist. 
One great reason for Mr. Clark’s large 
crops of hay is the fact that he uses nitrate 
of soda largely. We prefer nitrate to any 
other form of nitrogen for grass, and we 
do not believe it will be sound economy 
to use tankage in its place. 
ENSILAGE CUTTER 
OR SHREDDER 
Will be shipped to re¬ 
sponsible Dartles on THIS 
POSITIVE GUARANTEE 
that 11 will run with 1 ess power 
and do faster work, prove 
more convenient to use and 
safer, stronger and more sim¬ 
ple than any other BLOWER 
SILO FILLER made. Get 
our proposition and printed 
matter. 
WILDER-STRONG IMPL. CO., 
MONROE, MICH. 
Box20 
A FARM COTTAGE. 
An Ohio reader sends us the design for 
a farm cottage or tenant house shown at 
Fig. 273, page 618. He claims several ad¬ 
vantages for it, among others a large 
number of sleeping rooms and the fact 
that all living rooms look out at the front 
of the house. We have found that there 
is no general plan suitable for a tenant 
house. The cottage must be suited to the 
farm and the situation. 
Will produce a full crop of berries 
next June, if planted this Summer. 
DREER’S 
Mid-Summer Catalogue 
offers a choice line of these; also Celery, 
Cabbage, Cauliflower and other season¬ 
able plants. W rite for copy, FREE. 
HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa. 
CflP CAI E—Crimson Clover Seed, $4 per bushel. 
rUn 0ALC Cow Peas, $1.75 and $2 per bushel; Seed J 
Sweet Potatoes, $1 per bushel. 
J. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
APPLE BARRELS • Bobu C°' W an<1 SaVe mone7 
. Gillies, Medina, N. Y. 
SEED WHEAT. 
Fultzo-Medlterranean. Harvest King, Reliable, and 
others. Moderate prices. Clean, sound, graded. 
Order from us, and if not as represented reship and 
GET YOUlt MONEY RACK. Send stamp for 
samples and booklet. A. H. Hoffman, Bamford, Pa. 
PECAN TREES AND NUTS 
seedling tree.s,(l.2 &3 
years old.) The G. M. Bacon Pecan Co. (Inc.) Dewitt,Ga 
CHOICE SEED WHEATS 
All the leading sorts, and some new ones, the sensa¬ 
tion of the age. Kings of the Wheat Field. Samples 
and beautiful illustrated Catalogue 20 free, if you 
mention this paper. 
MAPLEWOOD STOCK IT ARM, Allegan, Mich 
CHOICE SEED RYE. 
Our Seed Bye is grown in the light soil district of 
New Jersey, and produces big crops when sown on 
heavy land. Samples and price on application. 
EDWAKD BIGG, Jr., Burlington, N. J. 
SEED WHEAT. 
A NEW VABIETY; Over 40 bushels per acre 
Three Years in Succession. 
Brother Farmer: If you are interested in wheat that 
is sure to yield large crops; heavy crops this season 
stood perfectly straight, where so heavy that binder 
would not elevate much more than half a swath; 
with only 1^> bushel seed per acre. Write me for full 
information, prices and flattering testimonials of 
satisfied farmers. Address, 
S. P. SHEPABD, North Amherst, Ohio. 
PERFECTION CURRANT 
Awarded the first $60.00 Gold Barry medal of the 
Western New York Horticultural Society; also highest 
award to any new fruit at the Pan-Am. Exposition. 
Tho largest, most productive and best red currant. 
PRICE OF PLANTS CUT iN TWO. 
Each plant bears originator’s label. Descriptive 
circular free. 
C. M. HOOKER & SONS, Rochester, N.Y. 
CHOICEST FRUIT 
and Ornamental Trees, Shrub*, Ko.es 
Plant* and Baiba. Catalogue No. 1 free to 
purchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Tree*. 
No. 3 free to buyers of Holland Bulbs and 
Greenhouse Plants. Try us; satisfaction 
. guaranteed. Correspondence solicited. 51st 
year. 44 groen houses. 1000 acres. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. 
PAINESVILLE. OHIO. 
FRUIT BOOK 
"shows in NATURAL COLORS and 
,. accurately describes 216 varieties of 
fruit.* Send for our liberal terms of distri- 
" bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANTS. IIS 
T. C. KKV1TT. Atheuia, N. J. 
A I 
POTTED STBAWBEBBY PLANTS. 
Lowest prices. PETER SPEER, Passaic, N. J. 
“You look happy, little boy.” “Yes, sir. 
Ma jist baked a cake an’ it’s all burnt on 
top.” “But why should that make you 
happy ?” “ ’Cause when her cakes is burnt 
we can eat all we want.”—Philadelphia 
Ledger. _ 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
FANCY FEACHES 
Should he shipped in a nice carrier to fetch fancy prices. Use the South Side Carriers. 
SOUTH SIDE M’E’O CO., 
NEW YOBK OFFICE, 114 WABBEN STREET. PETEBSBUBG, VA. 
LARGE LUSCIOUS STRAWBERRIES IN 1905." 
From our STBONG POT GROWN PLANTS offered in our Summer Catalogue. A full crop of fruit 
ten months after plants are set out. Plant now, we have the best varieties for market and home 
use. We have in five-inch pots, now ready for planting and late bloom, all the best hardy Roses, 
Honeysuckle and Clematis; also Boston and English Ivy. A full line of selected FRUITS and. 
ORNAMENTALS for Autumn planting. Stock first class. Prices reasonable. 
I AAinCPADE fiADnCWIWfi and the beautifying and enriching of the Home ground our leading 
LMilUoUMlL UrtnUCIIIIIU specialty.tt We will be pleased to call ar d see you on this matter, or 
call at our Nurseries and see our stoek. Our Catalogue mailed free. Write for it to-day. 
T. J, DWYEH c*s CO., CORKWALIj, N. Y. 
