1904. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
647 
GROWTH ON A STEER. 
About what weight should a two-year-old 
steer gain fed on good grass, to have the 
run of pasture from April 15 to October 15? 
Harrisburg, Pa. f. k. m. 
Of course much will depend on the 
steer. If he is “growthy” and of the beef 
type, and the pasture is abundant and the 
grasses nutritious, he should gain in the 
six months 300 pounds. That is, a bunch of 
“growthy” steers ought to average that. 
Some would naturally gain more, others 
less. I should hardly expect even about 
Harrisburg, Pa., the best of pasture, such 
as would make the growth indicated, as 
early as April 15. For best results 1 
should want to feed a little grain (corn- 
meal) in addition to the pasture until the 
grass contained its full nutriment, and 
again in the Fall after it had been affected 
by frost. There might not be as much 
profit in this as to get a less weight at less 
expense, but it should also be borne in 
mind that quality and finish on a beef 
animal will usually add one-half cent per 
pound to the whole carcass. The ques¬ 
tioner I presume wants to know what 
should be done or is possible under best 
•onditions, and I have answered from 
that standpoint. However, taking steers 
and pastures as they arc, probably not over 
half this gain is secured, and a second 
grade animal is the result. 
E. VAN ALSTYNE. 
TROUBLE WITH COWS' UDDERS. 
Five of my cows have lost a quarter of 
the udder since January 1. I am feeding 
fresh brewers’ grains, two shovelfuls to a feed, 
and two quarts of middlings to a feed twice 
a day. Some of the cows have been fed on 
them for ten years. Is it the brewers’ grains, 
or is it the age of the cows? l. w. l. 
Natick, Mass. 
I think your trouble arises from the 
brewers’ grains, and that you arc feeding 
too many of them. A shovelful is an in¬ 
definite quantity, but four good-sized 
scoop-shovelfuls a day and at least four 
pounds of middlings is a pretty good sized 
dose for a cow. Sometimes these are not 
uniform in quality or weight, so that you 
might not be feeding the same amount of 
food while giving the same bulk. Some¬ 
times cows will apparently stand over¬ 
feeding for some time; then go to pieces 
all at once. We have known this to occur 
when cotton-seed meal was fed in large 
quantities. Watch the cows a little closer. 
You can usually tell a day or two ahead 
when udder troubles arc coming, as the 
quarter will feel warm and velvety. Drop 
all grain feed for a day or so, and bathe 
in hot water, rubbing well, and the trouble 
sometimes will disappear as if by magic. 
Some cows have a tendency to such trou¬ 
bles, and if you go just a step over the 
line off they go. It takes pretty good head- 
work to run a herd of cows to full capac¬ 
ity without more or less trouble. We have 
not reached there yet by any means, but 
every mistake ought to teach us some¬ 
thing for the future. h. g. m. 
A WOMAN FARMER'S FARMING. 
Studying Men. —The woman farmer 
needs to study character and be quick to 
classify the men she has business dealings 
with. There is one kind she should look 
out for—the man who takes advantage of 
her ignorance of prices and values, and 
cheats her because she is a woman and he 
can. Men of this stamp are often pleasant 
and sociable and she cannot help liking 
them, but while kind and sympathetic, and 
with every appearance of doing her a 
favor, they may really be cheating her out 
of her eye teeth. It is a good plan to get 
a man to talk about his business transac¬ 
tions, and if he boasts of his sharp prac¬ 
tices she may be very sure that he will not 
spare her. Where there is no advantage 
to be gained, however, he may be her very 
good friend, for he is usually a man of 
wide experience; lus opinions are always 
worth listening to, and his advice may 
generally be followed with entire confi¬ 
dence. But a woman should not have 
business dealings with this class of men 
unless very sure where she stands. So 
far as my own personal experience goes 
my business relations have been of the 
pleasantest character. With a few excep¬ 
tions I have been treated with the utmost 
fairness, and always courteously, by the 
men with whom 1 have had business deal¬ 
ings. 
Buying Stock. —Does it pay to keep 
more stock than one can raise feed for? It 
seems to be the general opinion that it 
does not, but circumstances alter cases. 
Conditions vary greatly in different parts 
of the country. Here in New England 
few can profitably raise the grain for their 
cows, but we get prices for our milk that 
warrant the purchase of the concentrates. 
So in this locality the question is, “Does 
it pay to keep more stock than one can 
raise hay for?” People say to me, “I see 
you have been buying hay,” much as they 
would say, “I understand you are to be 
sold out for taxes in the Spring.” But 
where one keeps a strict cash account, he 
can know all the time just where he 
stands. Of course every farmer would like 
to raise all the hay and roughage for his 
stock, but there arc times when this cannot 
be done. Given a farm capable of sup¬ 
porting 10 cows, but which in its run¬ 
down condition will barely support two, 
what is the farmer to do? It would take 
all his. limited capital to break up all the 
land at once and buy fertilizer, and after 
the hay was raised he would have nothing 
with which to buy stock to eat it. Is it 
not better to get good cows first, and make 
such disposal of the milk that some profit 
can be made when all the hay is bought ? 
Then the land can be brought up grad¬ 
ually. In our own case, following this 
plan, we raise more hay each year, keep 
more stock, have more manure, and make 
some profit on the hay bought. The idea 
that a farmer is on the direct road to ruin 
if he buys hay is a fallacy. The hay he 
raises costs something. It may have cost 
more than baled hay. We have to pay a 
dollar an hour for a man, with two horses 
and a mowing machine, to mow. Ordi¬ 
nary help charges 20 cents an hour for 
haying. Now if the crop is light, and gets 
rained on two or three times, and has to 
be worked on for several days, it is easy 
to see that it is higher-priced feed than 
good clover hay at $14 a ton. 
Milk or Cream. —People ask me: “Do 
you think it pays better to sell cream than 
it does to wholesale your milk?” Well, 
we figured on the question and decided to 
make the change, and we have not yet seen 
any reason to be sorry. Aside from the 
money point of view, however, we are 
more independent. There is no one to tell 
us that we must have our milk ready an 
hour earlier in the morning, or to inform 
us that our milk soured the day before. 
Retailing milk is hard, heavy work for a 
woman, but the cream can be easily 
handled. We do not have to get up at an 
unreasonably early hour, and best of all, 
we have plenty of milk to use in the fam¬ 
ily. Not every one who sells milk can say 
as much. We have all we want to drink, 
and any amount of skim-milk to cook 
with, and this is no small item when taken 
the year ’round. Also, the skim-milk is 
kept on the farm. Besides all this there 
is the satisfaction of putting a finished 
product on the market, something that you 
know is good and will be liked. But 
these advantages have to be worked for. 
It is a business one has to be very fussy 
about. There is a great deal of washing 
separator, cans and bottles, in the daily 
routine, and there is constant care in keep¬ 
ing the cream uniform in quality and 
density and in good condition—cold 
enough in Summer and not too cold in 
Winter. 
Late Barley. —We are trying barley 
after oats and peas this year, and hope to 
get two good crops off the land, which was 
sod in the Spring, and was plowed and 
planted early The oats and peas grew 
well and were made into hay in July We 
consider this a valuable hay, as we fed our 
horse on it nearly all last Winter, and she 
was never in better condition. Last year 
we sowed Winter rye after taking off the 
oats and peas, but it was not satisfactory. 
We have never tried barley before, but the 
strawberry growers around here use it 
after plowing up their old beds, and they 
say that it makes good hay even when, 
planted as late as the tenth of August. 
We got our seed in the third, and a fine 
shower came that night, so that it sprouted 
very quickly. 
Keeping Hogs. —For the first time in 
20 years hogs are being kept on this farm. 
They are ready customers for skim-milk. 
Whether they will pay in full at the end 
of the season remains to be seen. One 
thing, however, is certain; they break up 
land in a remarkable manner. Where we 
put them the ground was stony and bushy. 
They have killed every living thing, and 
have dug out stones and worked the 
ground over thoroughly. After the stones 
are carted off and the piece levelled, it 
will be in good condition to grow a crop 
on. It would have been very difficult to 
break it up as well in any other way. If 
there were only some solution of the 
fencing problem I am convinced thajt 
wonders could be done in the making of 
new land with hogs. A movable pen that 
was practicable would be the best thing 
to use, as the hogs work up the land more 
thoroughly when confined in a small space, 
and then as soon as one piece was in good' 
condition it could be seeded, after the pen 
had been removed to a new place. 
SUSAN BROWN ROBBINS. 
USED THE WORLD OVER 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
RANDOL c p :L c c A o NAL STS THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
74- CORTLANDT ST.. 
NEW YORK. 
Every Tubular 
Starts 
a Fortune 
If you had a gold mine would you 
throw half the gold away? Properly 
managed dairies are surer than 
gold mines, yet many farmers throw 
half the gold away every day. The 
butter fat is the gold—worth twenty 
to thirty cents a pound. Gravity 
process skimmers — pans and cans — 
lose half the cream. Your dairy 
can’t pay that way. 
Like a Crowbar 
Tubular Separators 
are regular crow¬ 
bars — get right 
under the trouble- 
pry the mortgage off 
the farm. How? 
Gets all the cream 
—raises the quan¬ 
tity and quality 
of butter — starts a 
fortune for the 
owner. It’s a 
modern separator. 
The picture shows. 
Write for catalogue F-153. 
THE SHARPLES CO. P. M. SHARPLES 
CHICAGO, ILL. WEST CHESTER, PA 
A STABLE FIXTURE. 
Why not fit up cow barn or stable once for 
all to save work when you handle feed and 
manure every day in the year? 
LOUDEN’S FEED AND LITTER CARRIER 
saves barn and stable labor. lias roller hear¬ 
ing wheels. Runs anv height, over switches 
and around curves. Box water tight, clean 
and strong. 
WE FURNISH TRACK 
Switches, etc., and guarantee io work right. 
Specialists on Overhead Trolleys. Hay Tools 
and other farm labor savern. Write and ask 
us to send catalogue and tell you all about 
them. 
IiOUDKN - MACHINERY Co., 
39 I5roadway ; Fairfield, Iowa. 
Test It 
before buying. If it fails to prove its excel¬ 
lence the 
American 
can be returned to us. The record Is that i t 
satisfies. Not sold on talk, but on trial. 
Write today for catalogue. Mailed free. 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. 
Box 1066, Balnbrldge, N. Y. 
THE PARSONS 
“LOW-DOWN” WAGON 
has many 
Imitators, 
but there 
are 
“BE GOOD” 
TO YOUR HORSES 
USE FRAZER’S AXLE GREASE 
AND MAKE IT EASY FOR THEM. 
wmm 
_ WHAT I SHALL 
L - - A 00 AFTER THIS- 
A*BrcREASe> 
Can have Rubber Tires and Roller Bearing Axles 
if desired. Catalogue FREE. 
JOHN R. PARSONS, Manager, Earlville, N. Y. 
S8« 
airednyone 
45-minute 
treatment 
FLEMINC’S 1* the | 
quick and sore apavln cure. 
Thousand, cured by thUi 
wonderful 46-mlnute method 
Guaranteed always Fv*. 
Book about Spavin, Jure, 
Ringbone, Splint, eto.Write 
FLEHIIte BROS., Cfc.wi.te, 
SB Cdoa Block I<U.Ckl.>c.,lB 
^ 0 L^' e EVERYttH^O 
try itL 
Recognized as the STANDARD 
Axle Grease of the United States. 
Many Thousand Tubs of this Grease are sold 
weekly to the Truckmen of New York City, their 
Trucks are loaded heavy and a saving of both 
time and money is made, one greasing lasting 
two weeks or longer. 
Ask your dealer for FRAZER’S with Label on 
It saves your horse labor and you too. 
SOLD EVERYWHERE. 
f-razer Lubricator Co., 83 Murray St., N.Y 
TDFJIfl DAU/rDC Substantial, strong, 
I llLltll VV C..10■ easy of operation, 
perfect in construction. Send for prices and catalogue. 
HARDER MANUFACTURING. CO., Cobleskill, N. Y. 
LOUDEN’S STANCHIONS. 
Made of Tubular .Steel. 
Best Malleable Couplings. 
Perfect comfort and con¬ 
venience secured. 
EMPHATICALLY 
and 
sold 
at a reasonable price. 
Louden Machinery Co., 
comfort ahd convenience 39 B. oadway, Fairfield, Iowa 
A Never Failing Water Supply, 
with absolute safety, at small cost may be had by using the 
Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and 
Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine. 
Built by us for more than 30 years and sold in every country in the world Exclu 
sively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman 
So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 
3U years ago being still in active service. 
Send stamp for -‘ 04 ' Catalogue to nearest othce 
RIDER ERICSSON ENGINE CO., 
3f» Warren St., New York. 239 Franklin St., Boston 
10 Dearborn St., Chicago. 002 Craig St., Montreal, I*. 
40 North 7th St., Philadelphia. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N. S. W. 
Teuieute-itey 71, Havana. Cuba. 
