732 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 8, 
KEROSENE—LIMOID SPRAY. 
Part I. 
Prof. C. P. Close, horticulturist of the 
Delaware Agricultural Experiment Sta¬ 
tion has been paying much attention to the 
development of spray mixtures, to be used 
against scale and other sucking insects. 
The combinations used include limoid, 
which is a commercial product described 
as “a carefully hydrated pure magnesian 
lime,” with kerosene, Bordeaux Mixture, 
Paris-green and copper sulphate. The 
limoid proved to be superior to slaking 
lime for taking up and holding ker¬ 
osene. These mixtures were made in 
10 per cent, 1234 per cent, and 15 per cent 
strength for Summer applications and in 
20 per cent and 25 per cent strengths for 
Spring applications. The percentage men¬ 
tioned means the proportion of kerosene 
in the finished mixture. The formulas 
given will be on the basis of 25 gallons 
of mixture, as it is thought best not to 
attempt to prepare more at one time until 
some practice has been acquired in mak¬ 
ing it. The kerosene and limoid mix to¬ 
gether easily, the latter absorbing the 
former to a surprising degree and it is 
this property of absorption that makes the 
making of the mixture possible. It re¬ 
quires four pounds of limoid to “take up” 
one gallon of kerosene. 
The 10-per cent formula calls for kero¬ 
sene, 2 y 2 gallons, limoid, 10 pounds, water 
22 Z> gallons. It is best to have an extra 
barrel in which to mix the kerosene and 
limoid, unless the top of the spray pump 
barrel is easily removed. Pour in the 
kerosene, add the limoid and stir with a 
paddle until they are thoroughly mixed 
into a thin “sloppy” mass. In case a little 
kerosene separates out sprinkle on a trifle 
more limoid to absorb it; this is only oc¬ 
casionally necessary, unless the limoid has 
become partially carbonated. Add a few 
gallons of water and stir again to throw 
the “sloppy” mass into suspension in the 
water. Pour in the remainder of the 
water and agitate most vigorously for 
three minutes by pumping the mixture 
back into itself to form an emulsion. 
It is then a smooth mixture which flows 
as freely as pure water through a Ver- 
morel or other nozzle, provided it is well 
agitated and no foreign matter gets in to 
clog the nozzle. In part of the work 25 
gallons of tne mixture have been sprayed 
without a single clogging of the nozzle. 
It is known that the limoid and kerosene 
will not separate for several weeks, but 
how long it will stay in perfect condi¬ 
tion is not yet determined. The 10-per¬ 
cent solution with rosin soap, which in¬ 
creases the adhesive and spreading quali¬ 
ties of the mixture, has one quart of rosin 
soap added to the above formula. Pro¬ 
ceed exactly as before except that two or 
three gallons of water should be used for 
dissolving the rosin soap. After the ker¬ 
osene, limoid and water mixture has been 
agitated by pumping it back into itself 
for about two minutes, add the rosin soap 
solution and agitate another minute, f 
This makes a smoother product than is 
made by stirring the rosin soap into the 1 
other materials before agitating them. 
The addition of rosin soap increases the 
spreading, sticking and killing properties 
of the mixture. 
To make a 10-per-cent solution with 
Bordeaux Mixture dissolve two pounds 
copper sulphate in 1134 gallons of water, 
and two pounds of limoid in 1134 gallons 
of water. Pour the copper sulphate so¬ 
lution into the limoid and water and stir I 
well. This forms the best kind of Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture. Then mix 234 gallons 
kerosene, 10 pounds limoid, 2214 gallons 
Bordeaux. Mix limoid and kerosene, add 
part of the Bordeaux, mix again, add re¬ 
mainder of Bordeaux and agitate for 
three minutes as already described. This 
spreads and sticks satisfactorily and is de¬ 
cidedly effective in killing the scale. It 
is hoped that, the Bordeaux Mixture loses 
none of its fungicidal properties when 
used in this combination, but this point is 
not yet determined. It should be used 
where a fungicide is desired. Where 
Paris-green is required, one-half pound 
of the poison is added to the Bordeaux 
and the mixture made as before. It will 
be seen that the labor involved is much 
less than in making spray mixtures in ac¬ 
cordance with orevious formulas, especial 
lv where boiling is required. Crude pe¬ 
troleum has been substituted for kerosene, 
but this was not satisfactory, as it formed 
clots with the limoid when the water 
was added. 
Failure of Buds. 
E. TT. 8.. Victoria Co.. Tex .—Can you tell 
mo i lie probable cause of failure to grow of 
;tT por cent of all buds inserted by me? The 
few which grew remained dormant until the 
next year. Would keeping buds moist by 
keeping covered with wet moss a few days 
lie useful? 
Ans. —Why so great a loss of buds as 
05 per cent should occur would suggest 
that there is something very deficient in 
the understanding or practice of the bud- 
dcr or both. While Victoria County, Tex., 
has a dry climate, it is not too dry to 
admit of successful budding, except dur¬ 
ing very dry seasons. If the stocks are in 
thrifty condition there should be little 
trouble to get a good stand of buds. I do 
not think covering with wet moss would 
do any good, but it might be worth trying 
the plan. Buds inserted in the ordinary 
season, July to September, should lie dor¬ 
mant until the next Spring, but those set 
in Spring or early Summer ought to make 
growth the same j r ear. I think the budder 
should study the whole matter of budding 
thoroughly and consult some local expert 
if possible. h. e. v. d. 
STERILIZING HOTBED SOIL. 
I have practiced sterilizing for the past 
seven years, and find it very beneficial to the 
crops. While it clears the soil of all insects, 
it prepares it for the roots to take up the 
nourishment they require, and in every way 
is very satisfactory. I sterilize about four j 
acres every year in my houses ; it is equally 
as good for flowers as vegetables. 
Massachusetts. w. w. kawson. 
Not having facilities for sterilizing by 
steam I have never used it. From an experi¬ 
ence of over 40 years in one house I have 
adopted the practice of fumigating with 
hydrocyanic acid gas or burning sulphur, or 
both, at the beginning and the end of 
each season, keeping the house closed dur¬ 
ing the vacant season, so that the Sum- i 
!TTT> 
HANDY ORCHARD LADDER. Fig. 726. 
See Page 731. 
mer sun heats it up to 140 degrees or 
less, and avoiding the bringing in of fresh 
soil which may contain insects or fungi. The 
annual addition of rotted manure and the use 
of fertilizer through the time of growth is 
ample for the production of crops. Insects 
and diseases are easier prevented than cured. 
Massachusetts. j. fisher, m. d. 
Our first experience was soil in hotbeds in 
March, that gave us all the results hoped for 
in the way of killing insects, fungus, diseases, 
etc. On another occasion we sterilized the 
soil in some lettuce houses during the month 
of December, and set the houses with lettuce 
soon after. The plants did not start to grow 
or make root for three or four weeks, and we 
came to the conclusion that not only had all 
diseases been killed, but also all plant food, or 
its condition so changed that it was not suit¬ 
able for plants to take up until being exposed 
to the sun and light for a period. After three 
weeks or more the plants begau to put out 
new roots, and those that survived the process 
produced some of the largest lettuce we have 
ever grown. From what little experience we 
have had we come to the conclusion that ster¬ 
ilizing will do all that is claimed for it, but 
for it to lie successful one must give the soil 
time after cooking for decompositon to get 
under way again, so that the plants will find 
something to live upon, fuis will be quick 
when the soil is exposed to sun. heat and air, 
as in our first experience, but if done as in 
the second instance care must be exercised. 
We sterilized with steam discharged through 
perforated pipes directly into the soil. This 
can be done in case of greenhouses right in 
the beds. frank l. budlong. 
Rhode Islan d. . 
“It is your dutv,” said the earnest man, 
“to assist in leading the world to higher 
things.” “Well,” answered the beef-pack¬ 
er; “am I not doing my best? Look at 
the price of meat.”—Washington Star. 
MOTHER AND CHILD 
Scott’s Emulsion is cod 
liver oil made almost as 
palatable as milk. It is easy 
and soothing to the weak 
stomach; it checks the ten¬ 
dencies of children toward 
thinness. 
Scott’s Emulsion gives 
strength to weak mothers be¬ 
cause it creates healthy flesh 
and new blood. 
Nursing mothers will find 
a special value in Scott’s 
Emulsion because it insures 
a flow of rich, nourishing 
milk for the baby. More and 
better than a medicine; 
Scott’s Emulsion is a food. 
We’ll send you a sample free upon request. 
SCOTT & BOWNE, 409 Pearl Street, New York. 
$20 FOK $3 
We are making a special offer of our new 
books, containing 250 Building Designs 
with plans ; over 1,000 illustrations: size, 
11x15 inches. We employ the best talent 
to be had, designing Artistic Modern 
Homes at the least cost, and have been in 
business 27 years. Over 50,000 Homes 
have been erected from our Plans and 
Speeificatiors. Upon receipt of your 
order, we will forward you, charges paid, 
four of these books, 
SHOPPELL’S MODERN HOUSES, 
on approval, you to remit $3, or return 
the books within six days after receiving. 
CO-OPERATIVE BUILDING PLAN ASS'N, 
203 Broadway, New York City. 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
FOR SALE. 
cash with order. 
—Several hundred plants of Rhubarb 
for immediate setting. $5 per 100; 
F. Seth Wiard, Yalesville, Conn. 
PU 
GRASS 
R E 
SEED. 
30,000 APPLE TREES, 
Two and three years old for sale at reasonable prices. 
Good healthy trees and best varieties. Send to 
EDWARD BACON for price-list, Dansville, N. Y. 
iuBERCKMANSco 
AUGUSTA GA 
FRUIT TREES. 
A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality 
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees, 
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty 
of dealing Direct with the Farmers. 
Write for Price List. 
CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, O. 
Haifa Century of Fair Oeallng has Riven 
our product* that prominence which merit 
deserves. We still offer ever} thing of 
the best for Orchard, Vineyard. Lawn, 
Dark, Street, ‘Garden and 
Greenhouse. Catalogue No. 
1 free to purchasers of Fruit 
and Ornamental Trees. No. 3 
free to buyers of Holland 
|Bulbgand Greenhouse Plants. Try us; 
e guarantee satisfaction. Correspond¬ 
ence solicited. 61st year. 44 green¬ 
houses. 1000 acres. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. 
PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 
LARGEST PEACH TREE 
GROWERS IN THE SOUTH. 
Write for our new illustrated and 
descriptive catalogue of general 
Nursery Stock. 
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Mr. GEORGE M. CLARK the Grass 
King, in his booklet on Hay Crops, refers 
to us as furnishing PURE SEED. On 
thanking him for the reference he rep’ies: 
“I have found, by careful test, that your 
seed is pur©, and I am only too glad to 
recommend it to my friends.” 
WE HANDLE ONLY THE 
VERY HIGHEST GRADES 
Both as to Parity and Germination. 
We carry a full line of all cultivated and 
natural foreign and domestic sorts. 
Write us stating kinds and quantities 
wanted, and we shall quote prices. 
Farmers are invited to consult us as to 
mixtures for permanent meadows and 
pastures. Our long experience enables 
us to recommend the species most suit¬ 
able for any soil and situation. 
We have been over 100 years in business 
in New York. Catalogues free. 
J. M. THORBURN & CO., 
36 Cortlandt Street, New York. 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET ■ feet, well branched. Fine 
Stock; low rates. Samuel C. DeCou, Moorestown, N. J. 
FALL SETTING BEST. 
Raspberry and Blackberry Plants. 
Larae stock at reasonable prices. Write for list of 
varieties aid price. 
C. E. Whitten’s Nurseries, Bridgman, Mich. 
BUDS READY FOR SHIPMENT. 
Peach. Apple, Pear and Cherry Trees, by the thousand 
or in carload lots. Buyers appreciate our packing 
and guaranteed safe delivery. 
Write for free catalogue. 
Harrison’s Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Md. 
m 
£ LiJ • Ornamental 
Shrubs, Hardy Plants, 
Poses 
for Fall Planting. 
All the Best and Hardiest Varieties. 
Largest Collections in America. 
Pree Illustrated Catalogue. 
ELLWANGER & BARRY, 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Mt. Hope Nurseries. Ksta Wished 1840. 
KEVITT’S PLANTS 
GOOD ENOUGH FOR ME. Athen a, N. J. 
TREES TREES TREES 
400,000 Apple, 300,000 Peach, 
60,000 Pear, 40,000 Sour Cherry, 
40,000 .Japan Plums. 
Best packing,best grading, best prices, best trees; 
best place to buy orchards. Jobbers supplied. Ourfree 
catalogue is meaty. No agents. Firm not impersonal. 
Woodview Nurseries, B. 3, Mu Holly Springs, Pa 
show 9 in NATURAL COLORS and 
accurately describes 216 varieties of 
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of (listn- 
'bution to planters.—Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
est ,884. DWYER’S NURSERIES, est. ,884 
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Vines, Shrubs and Plants, in all the standard 
and new varieties. Write to us for our free, descriptive, and illustrated catalogue. 
T. J. DWYER & CO., Orange County Nurseries, Cornwall, N. Y. 
TREES AND PLANTS 
Our FREE CATALOGUE will save yot 
Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties. 
Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries. 
youomoney. MYER & SON, Bridgeviiie, Del. 
100.000 APPLE TREES. 
Including York Imperial, Stayman, Stark. Rome By. Grimes, Baldwin.Springdale. SO var.; earliest to latest. 
PLAINTT PENnsr A.’S BEST. 
Safe, reliable. Our new Catalog acurately describes all fruits worth planting in Central Atlantic Stat es 
The Patterson ]NTurscry Oo., Stewartstown. Pa 
■mpaw/t 07 DCD inn EQEIHUT PAIF1 Apples. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and 
ULLI: I rtn IUUi rnLlunl rHIUi Carolina Poplars. Healthy, true to 
■ 1 r LU name and Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. 
■ ■ Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Box lO, Geneva, New York. 
HOYT’S NURSERIES NEW ENGLAND 
and no more complete line of “ A 1 ” stock grown in the United States. Fruit Trees, Shade Trees and 
Ornamentals. Write us about your Fall planting—advice based on experience of three generations, free. 
Catalogue for the asking. 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., NEW CANAAN, CONNECTICUT. 
DULBS 
tures for the lawn 
and pleasure ground. 
FOR FALL 
PLANTING 
Hyacinths. Tulips. Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, &c 
Our New Bulb Catalogue is sent free. It tells 
all about the best bulbs, also seasonable seeds 
and plants, including our celebrated grass mix- 
HENRY A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. 
iONTMORENCY. % One Great Business Sour Cherry. 
others, 1 cent per tree less. Baldwin, Spy. K. I. G., V ‘rk Imperial. Wagener and otjier apples, 4 too feet, 
ars, $6 per 100. Whips, 4 and 5 cents each. Larger tises in good assortment. aO tiees in one or two 
[o^rER^CESI DISCOUNT ou orders one-quarter paid, or 15 PER CENT DI8COUM 
full paid orders until 10th Mo., 15th,’04. Order direct from this ad. 
i’ALL OR SPRING SHIPMENT AS YOU DESIRE. Fall is the BUSINESS time to buy your trees. 
Jur TREE BREEDER is Free. No scale here; all treei^umigated. ^ n , , ,, v 
IGERS ON THE HILL, TREE BREJIDEll, DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
