1904 . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
749 
KEROSENE-LIMOID SPRAY. 
Part TT. 
First trials of the kerosene and limoid 
were during the dormant season, a 25-per- 
cent mixture being tried on a portion of a 
well-grown native plum tree, badly in¬ 
fested with scale. This was sprayed 
March '>0, practically destroying all the in¬ 
sects. Various strengths were used as a 
Summer spray. A 10-per-cent mixture 
did no damage to foliage of apple, pear, 
peach, plum and cherry, while it killed 
all young scale and some old ones. The 
15-per-cent mixture was safely used on 
apples, cherries, plums (native), currants 
(black and red), and with very slight in¬ 
jury on a portion of the peaches and pears. 
It was most effective in killing the scale. 
On one old pear tree sprayed July 2 only 
a portion of the insects over half grown 
were alive July 21, when another spraying 
was given. 'I bis second spraying injured 
the leaves somewhat, while the first did not. 
On August 17 no live insects could he 
found. The mixture stuck to the trees for 
several weeks, although there were fre¬ 
quent heavy rainstorms. 
With the idea of increasing the sticking 
and spreading qualities of kerosene and 
limoid various adhesives were used. Rosin 
soap, one quart to 25 gallons of kerosene 
and limoid was most efficient and also 
added to its killing quality. Pen per cent 
with rosin soap used July 2 cleaned the 
scale from a badly infested tree to the ex¬ 
tent that it was nearly three weeks before 
any young, and then only a few, appeared. 
These came where the mixture had been 
whipped from the trees by the wind, and 
where the older ones were massed and 
clustered among rough hark and short 
spurs. This spraying saved the fruit crop, 
which was badly infested and would soon 
have been ruined. Another spraying on 
this part of the tree was given July 21, 
and as a very few young ones were found 
August 15, where the old females were 
protected by several thicknesses of scale 
coverings, the whole tree was treated again 
only on that date. Apples, peaches, pears, 
cherries and plums received this treatment 
without injury to foliage. Fifteen per cent 
mixture with rosin soap was a little more 
effective than was 10 per cent, although a 
second treatment on August 18 injured the 
foliage a little, but not enough to condemn 
il. On August 26 an occasional young in¬ 
sect only could be found. The ordinary 
rosin soap requires about two hours boil¬ 
ing and constant care in making. A rosin 
soap that could be made without boiling 
was needed, and the station chemist sug¬ 
gested dissolving the rosin in kerosene. 
Following up this suggestion it was found 
that one quart of kerosene would dis¬ 
solve about five ounces of rosin suspended 
in it. An ounce of hard soap was dis¬ 
solved in one quart of cold water and the 
two solutions were poured together and 
agitated vigorously with a bucket pump 
for five minutes. The resulting product 
is a white emulsion which resembles the 
stock solution of kerosene emulsion. It 
was used at the rate of one quart to 25 
gallons of lime and kerosene. 
Salt must never be used with kerosene 
and limoid. I lie chemical combination be¬ 
tween the lime and salt forms caustic 
soda, which is disastrous to foilage. Sul¬ 
phur was tried, but though il absorbs 
kerosene readily, it forms sticky clots 
when water is added making an unsatis¬ 
factory mixture. The great advantage of 
the kerosene and rosin soap is that it can 
he made of cold materials, no heating be¬ 
ing required. Stock solutions of rosin dis¬ 
solved in kerosene and soap dissolved in 
water can be kept on hand. 
As to the question whether one spraying 
will eradicate the San Jose scale, the Ex¬ 
periment Station experimenter thinks that 
upon young trees which have been infested 
from one to three years, and upon which 
the bark is still smooth, there seems to 
be not the slightest doubt but what it 
can he done. A half dozen badly infested 
young trees in the experiment bear out 
ibis statement. They were thoroughly 
coated with the mixture and as no rain 
It 11 within a week after the spraying the 
material remained intact, and the most 
careful examination showed only dead in¬ 
sects of all sizes. The old ones succumbed 
as well as the young. 
Cracking of Portland Cement. 
ir. A., Westmoreland, N. Y .—I have read 
with much interest the articles on Portland 
cement and concrete that have appeared in 
your columns. It seems almost, an ideal 
building material, since (here are no joints 
as with stonework, but will it stand the cli¬ 
mate like the natural stone? I have used it 
in a small way on the farm for several years, 
and while tlie result is very good there is one 
tiling about it that I would like explained. 
Wherever the work is exposed to the weather 
the surface is covered with a network of lines 
that 1 can compare to nothing but tlie crackles 
on the glaze of chinaware that lias been badly 
used. I do not observe this appearance on 
the work done by professionals, but have not 
examined the latter very closely. Is it due 
to some defect in the material used (the best 
Portland of several different brands mixed 
with coarse sharp sand) or to some mistake 
in the using? I faithfully followed (he rules 
as to mixing before adding the water and 
keeping the work damp till well hardened. 
Or is it merely an appearance and no detri¬ 
ment to the lasting qualities? 
Ans. — 1 do not understand just what 
causes the lines or crackles you mention. 
T have never seen anything like it. The 
impression would be that it dried too fast. 
Had you not wetted it frequently? Pos¬ 
sibly this appearance is due to some im¬ 
perfection in the mold used. I have 
a concrete hogpen. The form was 
rough hemlock plank, and we have the 
grain of the wood showing on the pen 
partitions. Concrete properly made and 
used will stand against the most untoward 
climatic conditions. h. k. cook. 
I have never used shredded corn fodder 
and none lias been used in this locality. I 
put my corn into the silo whole and get: out 
good silage, which the stock eat up clean 
with a relish. The kind of corn used is most¬ 
ly sweet corn with small quantity of flint 
sometimes. There is practically no waste. 
Tnis year it went in frosted. 
Wisconsin. k. w. i.kwis. 
Don’t do this 
drudgery 
Carrying coal and ashes up and down 
stairs is needless, wearing work. Why 
do it? Why shiver and freeze through 
another winter with crude heating 
methods? Why continue to pay extra 
for the dirt, drudgery and fuel waste of 
the old-fashioned ways ? Put in Steam 
or Water warming—now so simple, like 
telephoning the cellar for heat — and 
enjoy all the comforts and healthfulness 
of our way. 
American 
il Radiators 
& 
DEAL 
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Introduced into homes or buildings is an investment of 
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comfort. 
Simple to put into OLD buildings—cottages to 90-ro«m 
buildings—without disturbance to rmilding or occupants. 
State kind and size of building you wishtoheat. Valuable 
information and booklet (free). 
Dept. 9 
CHICAGO 
THE CALL FOR 1905 . 
Two hundred and twenty-five 
writers from all parts of the world 
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The\buth’S 
(ompanion 
For 1905. 
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O expense nor care has 
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Announcement of seven serial 
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for The fonipanion for the 
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tin? remaining weeks of 1904. The 
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YOUTH'S COMPANION, Boston. Mass. 
SAVE '/a your FUEL 
BY USING THE 
ROCHESTER RADIATOR 
Fits any Stove or Furnace. Price from $2 to 
$12. Write for booklet on heating homes. 
ROCHESTER RADIATOR CO. 
39 Furnace St., Rochester, N. Y. 
TO SEE ONE OF OUlt 
GRANITE HITCHING-POSTS 
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everlasting. Five and a half feet long : eightinches 
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Itelle Mead. N. ,1. 
RUBEROID 
_ (ru/Kpf ri/st**. RtGrbrrUfo) 
R OOP IN G 
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For terms, etc., address, with stamp, 
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SAVE YOUR FENCE 
By using a little paint with our 
STANDARD PAINTER 
Prevents further rust. 
Price postpaid, 
90 Cents Each. 
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100 Twenty-fourth St., 
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Send for Booklet “ K." 
THE STANDARD 
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lOO WILLIAM STREET 
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THE LONGER YOU USE 
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The Anchor Fence & Mfg. Co., Dept. D, Cleveland, O 
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for FREE eatalogueof Farm, Lawn and Poultry Fence 
Case Bros., 13-18 Main St.. Colchester. Conn, 
* 
PAGE 
1 
DON’T EXPECT PAGE FENCE 
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Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 63. Adrian, Mich. 
A LEAKY SHINGLE ROOF 
B. 
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F*. F 1 . CARI30LIMETTM. 25 YEARS RECORD. 
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Write for Free Catalog giving fullinformation,* Address, ] 
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AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE CO., Dept. 140, Chicago Denver New York San Francisco 
