1904 
REASONS FOR CULTIVATING , 
ORCHARDS. 
I prefer to cultivate young trees for th 
same reason that I prefer an expres 
train, because I think I can get then 
sooner, viz., bring the tree into profitabh 
bearing size. It is the profitable we art 
after, not a few scattering fruits. Had 
we a soil we could do so more profitably 
any other way we should do so, and so 
have no advice to give on the subject. 1 
am perfectly satisfied to let others raise 
their trees as it suits them best. We 
are so situated that we can cultivate a 
few years at little cost by raising other 
crops. I think we are less liable to have 
trees stunted by an unfavorable season; 
also wish to induce a vigorous healthy 
growth every year, and can raise a more 
satisfactory top on such a tree. I have 
improved land by cultivation and plowing 
in green crops so the land was in better 
condition to develop a healthy fruiting 
tree when it had grown to that size. I 
think it a matter of location and environ¬ 
ment, and the greatest crank is he who 
preaches that all must do just as he does. 
Massachusetts. h. o. mead. 
| Made a season’s growth top-work them 
i ifch scions procured from good bearing 
tees. The list of desirable apples for 
larket may be easily extended. North- 
rn Spy, Hubbardson, Sutton and Rox- 
mry Russet do well and are salable va- 
•ieties, but unless the orchard is to be a 
/ery large one I should advise confining 
the list to two or three leading varieties. 
A. limited number of other kinds should 
be set for testing, and quite a wide range 
of not more than two trees each for home 
use. w. D. B. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
Breeding Better Cattle Beets. 
F. C. C., Sandy Greek, Me .—Looking over 
The R. N.-Y. indexes for the past four 
years I do not find any allusion to the 
mangels, except one article about storing 
in 1900. Will you give some information re¬ 
garding the best varieties to plant, as to 
difference in nutritive qualities if any, 
ease of harvesting, freedom from side 
roots, etc? 
Ans. —Few if any comparative tests 
have been made in the United States, and 
_ . . „ , _ m practically nothing has been done in the 
Butments Under a Barn. W. . . .. . 
] improvement of these roots. Most of the 
B. P„ Johnstown , N Y—Which is the bet-i is imp orted from Great Britain. In 
ter way to place butments under a barn. K 
dig a hole three feet deep and fill it full experiments conducted by the writer in 
to the surface with small stone, and then England the amounts of dry matter in 
lay flat quarry stone to the sills, or dig ■ the roots varied from seven to over 14 
down about one foot or until solid ground < cen t, and the same var iety varied 
is reached and lay flat stone from there 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 257 
THOUSANDS HAVE KIDNEY 
TROUBLE AND DON'T KNOW IT 
up with cement between? 
Ans.—N o definite depth can be given,! 
because soils differ greatly. Always get! 
below frost, which is usually three feet 
in the more northerly latitudes. I have 
seen soils where at three feet it was 
still soft and loose. Much will depend 
upon the weight to be supported; that 
the builder must know. However, when 
you strike a solid subsoil from three toj 
six feet quit and begin a foundation, if] 
a very satisfactory and permanent job 
is desired fill these holes with small 
stones, about one foot at a time, and fill 
in with a mixture of sand five parts, 1 
Portland cement one part, made thin 
enough to run between the stone. Con- 
considerably in different districts both 
in quality and total yield. It would be 
advisable for seedsmen or plant breeders 
to establish strains of roots suited to 
different environments. The method is 
to determine the amounts of dry matter 
and solids in solution of individual 
specimens and save those best adapted 
to the district. A piece of the root un¬ 
der test is taken out with a cheese trier 
and its specific gravity determined, the 
higher the specific gravity the more dry 
matter in the root. Such roots contain 
less water and air and will keep better. 
The juice should then be expressed from 
another sample, and its specific gravity 
enough to run Between tne stone, Don-^determined. The higher the specific, 
tinue to surface of soil and then either A gravity tlie Sweater t e ee ing va -ue 
lay up with heavy flat stones and ce-& The higher s P eclfic WS * at 
ment, or build a form and continue the|| moii solids, aie in a so u e °^ m - e 
same foundation work to the sill level. j|| roots slandins hls eSt ,* n 16 6S a16 
One will be as effectual as the other J^ed for “mother roots” the next year. 
Use twice the cement after getting abovej| Tlies f met ^ ods > c° n Junc 1011 W1 ° 
ground, that is, one part to three of sandl| erS ’ in<dud * ng microscopic examina ion 
with the small stones. You will find the! of the cellular structure are now being 
last-named the usual system adopted by1[ used in tlie impiovemen o vane ies ° 
, , .., ... , .. JI roots and a considerable advance in th 
most builders at the present time. (I, ’ , , . . . 
h e c if feeding value • of roots is being made. 
f Roots containing 15 per cent of dry mat 
Apples for the Hudson Valley. jjf ter may bred. It is also important 
that thi 3 dry matter be easily digested 
One of the most promising of recent in¬ 
troductions is Chirk Castle. The Mam¬ 
moth Long Red, Norbiton Giant, Gate¬ 
post Red, and Triumph Yellow Globe are 
standard varieties. The stock sugai 
beets are worthy of attention. Canadian 
experiments show that some of these, as 
Half-sugar Rosy mangel, yielded at the 
rate of 35 tons per acre, and contained 
over 15 per cent of dry matter and near¬ 
ly 10 per cent of sugar in juice in 1902 
Half-sugar White, and Giant Sugai 
Feeding mangels belong to the saim 
class. The ordinary sugar beet, as the 
Danish Improved, Vilmorin’s Improved, 
and other varieties, owing to their high 
sugar content, yield a good amount o. 
feed per acre. samuel eraser. 
Cornell University. 
J. P. B., Millbrook, N. Y .—I wish to ask ad¬ 
vice as to planting an apple orchard on 
slaty soil with southerly exposure in cen- 
tial Dutchess County. The land is some¬ 
what rocky, but deep soil on most of it. 
Natural fruit along the fence borders do 
well and attain fair size. What varieties 
would be likely to do best? Would Spitz- 
enburg be likely to do well and pay on 
such soil? 
Ans. —The ground for an orchard as 
proposed by J. P. B. seems well adapted 
for the purpose. There is no doubt the 
slandard varieties as grown in the Hud¬ 
son River Valley, like Baldwin, Green¬ 
ing, etc., would do well there, and unless 
convinced by competent testimony that 
some other varieties would do equally 
as well I should set more of these two 
than of any other kind. The display of 
fruit at the meeting of the New York 
State Fruit Growers’ Association at 
Poughkeepsie demonstrated that the 
rarer and more valuable kinds, like 
Esopus (Spitzenburg) and Newtown Pip¬ 
pin can be grown to perfection in 
Dutchess County. But it is a well-known 
fact that both these valuable apples re¬ 
quire peculiar conditions of location or 
soil, for they do not succeed equally well 
on different farms in the same neighbor¬ 
hood. Unless either of these varieties is 
successfully raised in the immediate 
neighborhood on almost the same kind 
of soil and exposure, I would only set 
a few trees of each as an experiment. As 
neither of these varieties is a strong 
grower in the nursery I would set as 
many first-class Northern Spy trees as 
I proposed to have of either or both 
these varieties, and after the Spy had 
“So you reached the town just after 
the cyclone?” “Yes.” “How did things 
look?” “Rather blew.”—Philadelphia 
Ledger. 
Angry Politician; “Look here, 1 ve 
a good mind to have you arrested or 
libel ! What do you mean by depicting 
me as you have?” Cartoonist. But the 
picture looks like you?” Angry Politi¬ 
cian: “I know it does—I know it does! 
But do I look like a man who likes to 
look like himself?”— Illustrated Bits. 
To Prove What Swamp=Root, the Great Kidney Remedy, Will do 
for YOU, Every Reader of “ Rural New-Yorker ” May Have a 
Sample Bottle Sent Free by Mail. 
Weak and unhealthy kidneys are re¬ 
sponsible for more sickness and suffering 
than any other disease, therefore, when 
through neglect or other causes, kidney 
trouble is permitted to continue, fatal 
results are sure to follow. 
Your other organs may need attention— 
but your kidneys most, because they do 
most and need attention first. 
If you are sick or “feel badly,” begin 
taking Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp-Root, the 
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because as soon as your kidneys begin 
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The mild and immediate effect of Dr. 
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cures of the most distressing cases. 
Swamp-Root will set your whole system 
right, and the best proof of this is a 
trial. 
53 Cottage St., Melrose, Mass. 
Dear Sirs: Jan. 11th, 1901. 
“EJver since I was in the Army, I had 
more or less kidney trouble, and within 
the past year it became so severe and 
complicated that I suffered everything and 
was much alarmed—my strength and power 
was fast leaving me. I saw an advertise¬ 
ment of Swamp-Root and wrote asking for 
advice. I began the use of the medicine 
and noted a decided improvement after 
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I continued its use and am thankful to 
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In order to be very sure about this, I had 
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and he pronounced it all right and in splen¬ 
did condition. 
I know that your Swamp-Root is purely 
vegetable and does not contain any harm¬ 
ful drugs. Thanking you for my complete 
recovery and recommending Swamp-Root 
to all sufferers, I am.” 
Very truly yours, 
I. C. RICHARDSON. 
You may have a sample bottle of this 
famous kidney remedy, Swamp-Root, 
sent free by mail, postpaid, by which 
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ders as kidney, bladder and uric acid 
diseases, poor digestion, when obliged to 
pass your water frequently night and 
day, smarting or irritation in passing, 
EDITORIAL 
brick-dust or sediment in the urine, 
headache, back ache, lame back, dizzi¬ 
ness, sleeplessness,, nervousness, heart 
disturbance due to bad kidney trouble, 
skin eruptions from bad blood, neural¬ 
gia, rheumatism, diabetes, bloating, ir¬ 
ritability, worn-out feeling, lack of am¬ 
bition, loss of flesh, sallow complexion 
or Bright’s disease. 
If your water, when allowed to re¬ 
main undisturbed in a glass or bottle for 
twenty-four hours, forms a sediment or 
settling, or has a cloudy appearance, it 
is evidence that your kidneys and blad¬ 
der need immediate attention. 
Swamp-Root is the great discovery of 
Dr. Kilmer, the eminent kidney and 
bladder specialist. Hospitals use it 
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and severe cases. Doctors recommend 
it to their patients and use it in their 
own families, because they recognize in 
Swamp-Root the greatest and most suc¬ 
cessful remedy. 
Swamp-Root is pleasant to take and 
is for sale the world over at druggists 
in bottles of two sizes and two prices— 
fifty-cent and one-dollar. Don’t make 
any mistake, but remember the name, 
Swamp-Root, Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp-Root, 
and the address Binghamton, N. Y., on 
every bottle. 
NOTE.—So successful is Swamp-Root in promptly curing even 
the most distressing cases of kidney, liver or bladder troubles, that to prove its 
wonderful merits you may have a sample bottle and a book of valuable informa¬ 
tion, both sent absolutely free by mail. The book contains many of the thousands 
upon thousands of testimonial letters received from men and women cured. The 
value and success of Swamp-Root is so well known that our readers are advised to 
send for a sample bottle. In sending you r address to Dr. Kilmer & Co., Bingham¬ 
ton, N. Y., be sure to say you read this generous offer in the “Rural New-Yorker.” 
The Proprietors of this paper guarantee the genuineness of this offer. 
12 Pkts SEEDS ?8 E BE B 5f 5 20c 
Beet, Egyptian; Cabbage, Burehead; Carrot, 
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Cnrrantt, Gooseberries* Slack* 
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HEADQUARTERS FOR 
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The most profitable variety now in 
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5 to 6 Feet, 2 Year. 
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You can make more money if 
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Leslie. Mich. 
Most Extensive Grower of 
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Apples, 6 — 13c.; Peach, 2 — 8 c.; Cherry, Plum, 
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JAYNE’S TONIC VERMIFUGE 
CURES DYSPEPSIA and BRINGS HEALTH 
