366 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 30 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS 
The Large-Fruited Chinquapins.— 
Few attractive native trees have been 
so neglected as the chinquapin or 
dwarf chestnut. It is a variable spe¬ 
cies, ranging from four to 50 feet in 
height, quite abundant in dry wood¬ 
lands from central Pennsylvania to 
Florida, and southwest to Texas. Spe¬ 
ll is mention of its large burs the sup¬ 
position is not unlikely. We are not 
able to learn the present condition of 
this tree, nor if it has successfully been 
propagated. 
The Rush Chinquapin. —Fig. 156 rep¬ 
resents the average size of a nut of the 
Rush chinquapin now ready for dis¬ 
semination by the Florida Nut Nurser¬ 
ies, Monticello, Fla. The parent tree is 
growing in Lancaster Co., Pa., in what 
is locally known as the chestnut tim¬ 
ber belt. It stands nearly 40 feet high, 
and has long been a prolific annual 
bearer, producing its burs in racemes of 
five to 13, some clusters being almost 
10 inches long. Like all chinquapins, 
one nut only is contained in a bur. The 
cific names have been proposed for the 
most distinct forms but they are no\t 
generally included under Castanea pu- 
mila. The bush types grow four to 10 
feet high, and make very neat speci¬ 
mens, often bearing freely when less 
than two feet high. The growth is quite 
shapely, the dark green foliage silvery 
beneath and the effect when in bloom or 
covered with tiny burs is very pleasing. 
It is said not to be hardy in the North 
but is so rarely planted that experience 
is lacking. One or two nurseries offer rush chinquapin, natural Size. Fie. 156. 
two-year plants at 50 cents each, hut we 
are informed that few are called for. 
Chinquapins are easily grown from the 
nuts if at once planted, or stratified in 
slightly moist sand and deeply buried 
to carry them over Winter. This pre¬ 
caution is necessary, as they quickly 
sprout under the usual conditions of 
germination, often starting into growth 
during rainy Fall weather before the 
burs have fallen. In a small way they 
may be grown in pots under glass; a 
three-inch pot accommodating a plant 
during Winter. When grown this way 
the nuts should be planted as soon as 
gathered, using ordinary garden soil 
and placing one good nut in each pot. 
Seedling bush chinquapins from nuts 
collected in Virginia, grown in this 
manner have fruited on the Rural 
Grounds in three years. All came 
quality is sweet and rich, and the size, 
as shown in the cut, equals that of the 
average native chestnut. The propaga¬ 
tors say that young grafted trees com¬ 
mence bearing very early. Dr. J. G. 
Rush, West Willow, Pa., for whom the 
variety is named, informs us that the 
bush chinquapin occurs in the imme¬ 
diate vicinity of the parent tree, and 
the chances are that it is a hybrid be¬ 
tween it and the chestnut. The tree re¬ 
sembles a chestnut in outline, has long 
slender branches, and leaves as large as 
most chestnuts. When in full bearing 
it is said to make a very fine appear¬ 
ance. Whether a natural hybrid or a 
particularly meritorious variety of tree 
chinquapin it is comforting to know 
that it is likely to get a thorough trial. 
The chinquapin is a distinct native nut 
of the highest quality found in the 
genus, and should have the careful at¬ 
tention of planters and breeders. 
w. v. F. 
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Arsenate of 
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\ 
USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 20 YEARS. 
Sold by Seed Dealers of America, 
Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and 
Shrubs from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular prices. 
Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, etc., to 
B. HAMMOND, - Fishkill-on-Hudson, New York. 
through this exceptionally trying Win¬ 
ter with no protection in perfect condi¬ 
tion though planted in full exposure. 
Hybrids have been effected between a 
very dwarf and precocious specimen 
and Paragon chestnut, as well as with 
several large-fruited varieties of the 
Japan chestnut. These hybrids grow well 
and already show features of the com¬ 
bined parentage in twig and foliage. 
Chinquapins are the sweetest and best 
flavored of the chestnut family, and it 
seems possible to get a hybrid nut in 
which something of the size and hardi¬ 
ness of the large chestnuts might be 
combined with the high quality, free 
and early bearing of the chinquapin. 
Thus far no intentional hybrids between 
chestnut species have been announced, 
though it is probable breeders are at 
work on this popular nut in more than 
one locality. 
Natural Chinquapin Hybrids. —As 
the natural ranges of the American chest¬ 
nut and chinquapin overlap through 
a broad belt of territory, extending 
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, it is 
likely many natural hybrids occur. Both 
species bloom about the same time. The 
pollen of the chestnut is abundant, and 
from the height of the trees is doubt¬ 
less borne by the wind for considerable 
distances. The chances of self-pollen- 
ation of the staminate blooms of either 
species by pollen from the numerous 
catkins on a given plant are very great, 
hut it is not impossible that many nuts 
result from fertilization by pollen from 
other individuals, and even from 
other allied species. Hybrids between 
botanical species are often sterile, and 
quite usually inferior in fruit to either 
parent, so in the vast majority of in¬ 
stances would attract little attention. 
Two varieties, however, have been 
named, and one at least is being propa¬ 
gated for dissemination. The late An¬ 
drew S. Fuller raised a seedling of the 
tree chinquapin that he considered of so 
much merit that he gave it his name 
and described it as Fuller’s chinquapin. 
It grew 10 feet high in six years, though 
twice transplanted, and produced fine 
crops of large nuts of excellent quality 
after five years. Mr. Fuller did not de¬ 
scribe it as a hybrid variety but from 
MR. H. C. PHELPS, care Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio: Pittsburg, Pa., March 29, 1904. 
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