43o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
May 2ft, 
thoroughly sprayed on the under surfaces 
of the leaves proves cheap and effectual. 
It must be applied as often as once a week 
until the pest disappears. At first the 
soap solution does not harm the plants, 
but finally coats the leaves so as to inter- 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS fere with the natural respiration if not 
washed off with applications of clean 
water. It is, however, scarcely possible 
; Ruralisms [ 
White Fly Experience.—T he white fly 
pest is rapidly increasing in virulence and . , . , , , . , 
io ^ • i , . . to drench the undersides or all the leaves, 
is causing damage to outside plants and , , , , , 
vegetables as well as those grown under f s0 ™ are 50 curl<:d as 10 sl,ed tl,e spray 
glass. It is now conceded to be the worst 't 01 ” almos ' every dl^ect,0, ,’ , and many 
enemy of greenhouse tomatoes. Alrrlost 
every grower has had a struggle with it 
the past Winter and in some instances the 
plants are always so situated in crowded 
greenhouses that they cannot well be 
reached. Insecticide sprays <<f all kinds 
fly has been victorious. Complaints of its a [* me ? Sy a , nd f^*able to use under 
depredations and inquiries as to the best glass - thou *J °*“ tl,e , only effcct,ve re - 
treatment are very numerous. Two ex- f° , "' ce outs,dc ', Tl,e g0 “ d cl,lllvator never 
periment stations publish bulletins on the l,kes , t0 “ et h,s Blasshouse plants with 
subject and considerable space has been anyth,ng ,? ut p “ re J , and , only that 
devoted to white fly experience in recent wl,cn rcaI,y needcd \ W,th sl,gl,t exccp - 
gardening journals. The bulletins are l! ons f pray applications under glass are 
No. 8, entomological series, Connecticut h , m ' n usefulness to woody or foliage 
Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn., plan,s ’ sl,ch as palms - ferns and tllc llke - 
and No. 96, Maine Experiment Station, Fumigation is Practical. —While the 
Orono, Me. The latter is quite technical adult white fly directly harms the plants 
and is concerned more with the anatomy in very slight degree, he is the source of 
and development of the insect than with the evils that follow, and any means that 
methods for its control, though there is may kill off the adults without appre- 
some information about this feature of ciably injuring the plants will conquer the 
the subject. The Connecticut bulletin is pest in time, even if it does not affect the 
most practical and affords much general armored young. Tobacco fumigations 
information about the pest. It is evident were long claimed to control the insect, 
that this tiny tropical insect is likely to but this remedy is useless now for the pur- 
cause much trouble before we learn to pose, if it ever did amount to anything, 
handle it effectually. The white fly has Some think the white fly has become im- 
a very accommodating appetite. The mime to the effects of tobacco since the 
young or scale form has been found on early days of its distribution. Certain it 
over fifty species of plants, including trees is that tobacco fumigations, up to the 
and shrubs, and the adults observed rest- limit of the endurance of soft-leaved 
ing on many more. It prefers broad- plants, is not effectual. Many of the 
leaved plants and is especially destructive adults are stupefied and fall to the ground, 
to tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, tobacco but soon recover and are as active as ever, 
and to such ornamentals as geranium, I he nymphs do not seem averse to to- 
heliotrope, Ageratum and Lantanas, but is bacco smoke in any degree short of death 
probably able to live on almost any useful to the plants. In hydrocyanic acid gas we 
plant if the preferred ones are not con- have a remedy that promptly kills the 
venient. It has been reported to injure adults and penetrates every nook and 
strawberry plants and garden crops outside cranny of the inclosure. It does not 
in several States, and it is feared that it greatly affect the nymphs in strengths en- 
may become troublesome in tobacco fields durable by tender plants, of which the to- 
should it be able to survive our Winters, mato is one of the most sensitive, but re- 
The white fly is now identified as Aley- peated at intervals of a week or ten days 
rodes vaporariorum, and is supposed to will soon reduce the annoyance to a mini- 
have been brought to the Kew Botanical mum. We have almost exterminated it 
Gardens, London, on plants imported in the Rural Grounds greenhouse by ap- 
from Mexico in 1855 and from there dis- plications at 14 day intervals. Our expe- 
tributed throughout the gardening world, rience has been detailed in previous num- 
It first became generally troublesome in bers of The R. N.-Y., pages 160 and 308. 
greenhouses in this country about 1900, When hydrocyanic fumigations, in the 
and is now quite commonly found living proportion of one ounce potassium cyanide 
in gardens and dooryards in Summer and to 2,000 cubic feet of space, are used at 
is carried over Winter in glasshouses and night in a temperature below 60 degrees 
on window plants. It is not yet known no injury to plants is noticed and all adult 
if it can survive northern Winters outside, flies are destroyed. For nearly a week 
but is likely to make itself at home in the the house is quite free from adults, then 
South, below the frost line. they emerge in appreciable numbers. As 
How TO Fight H.-AltTiough the adult * takes about five weeks for the insect t0 
fly or miller is provided with a sucking pas * through ltS Ilfe . stages from e SS to 
beak it is thought if does not greatly adult ]t wouId seem that weekly fumiga ' 
harm the foliage in that stage. The great- t . 10n , for that length of time would prac ‘ 
est damage is done by the nymphs or t,cally clear them out ‘ 0ur experience, 
young. When first hatched they can move wh]Ie not 50 thorough * seems to bear out 
about, but soon affix themselves to the 
leaf, secreting a partial waxy covering, 
and suck out the plant juices. They are 
the idea. It is best, however, not to allow 
them much of a start. 
Absurd Formulas.—A summary of 
found in colonies, always on the under published experience in fumigating for 
surface of the leaves, causing them to white fly indicates that one ounce potas- 
wither and perish. The empty cases or sium cyanide, 98 per cent grade, 1^4 
shells remain after the adult winged fly ounce commercial sulphuric acid and 
has escaped and are usually mistaken for about two ounces of water to each 2,000 
the eggs, which are too small to be dis- cubic feet of space, applied at night with 
tinguished without the aid of a magnify- temperature below 60 degrees, is the safest 
ing glass. Aside from the direct damage, proportion. Many reports show no in- 
generally resulting in the drying up of the jury to plants in a strength of one ounce 
foliage infested by the nymphs, they ex- cyanide to 1,500 or even 1,000 cubic feet 
crete a great amount of “honey dew” in the of space, but the risk is greater and the 
manner of some kinds of aphids or plant insecticide power does not seem to be in¬ 
lice. This sticky liquid is showered over creased, since about all are killed by the 
everything nearby and encourages the weaker charge that are susceptible to the 
spread of a black mold or fungus, quite gas in strengths endurable by the plants, 
injurious to vegetation by shutting out the Some of the formulas, for the use of 
light. The most obvious way to fight this hydrocyanic gas, elaborated by official in¬ 
insect would seem to attack the destructive vestigations and reprinted in recent gar- 
nymphs with insecticide sprays, but they dening journals, would seem rather trying 
are so protected by their armor of wax to the busy grower who has little time to 
that only soapy solutions affect them, figure out the intricacies of the metric 
Ordinary laundry soap, one pound dis- system of weights and measures and ap- 
solved in eight gallons of water, when ply the results to the space to be treated. 
Here are some samples; “For ferns, such 
as Davallia Mooreana, infested with a 
scale, .075 gram of 98 per cent cyanide 
should be used for each cubic foot of 
space to be fumigated, not deducting space 
occupied by plants. Length of exposure 
20 minutes.” “Coleus .1 gram 98 per ceiU 
cyanide to each cubic foot of space. Ex¬ 
pose 20 minutes after dark.” “Violets, for 
plant lice and other pests, .15 gram cya¬ 
nide to the cubic foot of space.” “Carna¬ 
tions, .1 gram cyanide to the cubic foot 15 
minutes after dark,” and so on. These 
directions are of course perfectly intelli¬ 
gible and most school children could 
quickly work them out, but what is the 
use? Why not make it plain ounces and 
round numbers of cubic feet of space, 
since that is the manner in which such 
chemicals are practically used in this 
country? 1 he details of handling this 
dangerous insecticide have been repeatedly 
given in past numbers of The R. N.-Y. 
_ w. v. F. 
We have used a hay loader 12 years; 
would not be without It. It needs level fields 
and of course the larger the better. Have 
used a side delivery rake one year. It does 
slower work than a 12-foot old style we have 
used 12 years, but is better in some places. 
About the best way is to get them on trial, 
to keep if they suit you. Farmers do not seem 
to like them around here, as a rule. In fact, 
1 know of but two loaders besides our and 
no side rake. We have bought two second* 
hand loaders. „ s. b. 
Massachusetts. 
V 
ONE 
MAN’S PAY SAVED 
Where three men were for¬ 
merly needed to gather and pack 
fruits and vegetables, only two are 
now required when our ventilated 
BUSHEL CRATES 
are employed. They keep fruit in bet¬ 
ter condition. These crates are strong, 
etaunch, durable, neat, clean and con¬ 
venient. No. 1 Crate is extra heavy 
and costs lie. No. 2 Crute is 
medium heavy and 
I costs 9c. We send 
booklet 211, free. 
GENEVA COOP¬ 
ERAGE CO. 
GENEVA 
OHIO 
codling 
moth 
Diaparene kills both broods. Also 
every leaf-eating insedL Book free 
BOWKEH INSECTICIDE CO., 
N. 7, Boston & Cincinnati 
SAN JOSE SCALE 
and other INSECTS killed by 
GOOD’S 
Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3 
Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agri. and State Experiment 
Stations, rhissoapisa Fertilizer aswellasan Insecti¬ 
cide. 50-lb. kegs,$2.50; 100-lb. kegs, $4.50; half barrel, 
2701 b., Sjfc per 1 li: barrel, 4251 b. , SJe. Send for cireulars. 
JAMKMiOOII. Original Maker, 
S>!!9-41 Ji. Front Street, Philadelphia, l*n. 
WIFT’S Ar Yond eoT 
FOR SPRAYING 
Is the best insecticide known for potato bugs and 
all leaf eating insects. It kills quickly, and unlike 
Paris Green, there is absolutely no danger of burn¬ 
ing or scorching the leaves. It adheres to the 
foliage for a long time, thus doing away with re¬ 
peated sprayings. It Is highly recommended by 
all the leading entomologists. Made only by the 
MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO., 
75-77 Broad St., Boston, Mass. 
-FOR SALE BY- 
Benton,Myers&Co.,Cleve!and, Ohio. Daniel StewartCo., 
Indianapolis, Ind. Morrison Plummer Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Vahr & I.ange Drug Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Noyes Bros. & 
Cutler,St. Paul, Minn. E. F. Bruce & Co., Omaha, Neb. 
W. A. Hover & Co.. Denver, Colo. J. S. Merrill Drug Co., 
St. Louis, Mo. Van Vleet Mansfield Drug Co., Memphis. 
Tenn. L.V. Elder Co.,Galveston, Texas. • I. L. Lyons 
&Co„ New Orleans, La. Langley St Michaels Co., San 
Francisco, Cal. r Ask your druggist for it. 
You can 
Cover 30 to 40 acres 
per day with 
15he Watson 
Four Row Potato Sprayer 
Straddles 2rows, sprays 
4atatime. Wheels ad- 
-justfordilferent widths. 
Sprays to any fineness and gearing of pump to wheel of 
cart gives any pressure desired. Automatic agitator and , 
suction strainer cleaner. It never spoils foliageor clogs. 
rrco instruction and formula book shows the famous Garfield, Em¬ 
pire King, Orchard Mouaroh and other sprayers. Writo for 1L 
Field Force Pump Co., 2 11th St.,Elmira, N.Y. 
Silos 
The Best Is Cheapest 
‘‘Cold pressed” thread 
hoops, perfect fitting 
tongued and grooved 
staves (white pine or 
cypress) and patent air 
tight doors distinguish the 
Green Mountain 
and Not-L!-Mah Silos 
from others. Perfect pre¬ 
servers, all convenience. 
They last. Wenlso furnish 
Gasoline Engines and Kn- 
silageCutters, all sizes. A 
full line of Duiry and 
Creamery Machinery a.id 
Supplies. Free book shows 
bow and why superior. 
Write forit atonee. 
STODDARD MFC. CO 
Rutland, Vormont. *’ 
Brown’s 
No. 3 
Potato 
Sprayer 
[ b prays 4 to 6 rows, any width, with finest mist or 
tog at one passage. Constant nigh power supplied 
from both wheels, no lost motion. Mechanical 
I agitator. A new era in rapid thorough spraying of 
I potatoes, vegetables, small fruits and vines. Write 
today lor free book of all sprayers, 
E. C. Brown & Co., 268 State St., Rochester,N.Y. 
The Pump 
that Pumps' 
Ask Your F SPRAY PUMPS 
r..-.. -n o Double-Aoting, Lift, 
R Power, Tank und Spray 
AUUAUUUVJPIU/ 
M PUMPS 
^ - - - - 
Store Ladders, Etc. 
Barn Door Hangers 
Aluminum Finished 
HAY TOOLS 
of all kinds. Write for 
Olronlars and Prices 
l.klpr, a Hro. A,klaad,0. 
Electric Lighting, Ice and Refrigeration 
and Cold Storage Facilities for Creameries, 
Stock Farms 
and Country 
Homes 
are available when derived from our new combined equipment which does all economically; 
driven by our gas- or gasoline- engine. Write for booklet. 
PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS COMPANY 
5001 Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia 
