764 
October 22, 
THE PECK'S PLEASANT APPLE . 
There seems to be some confusion over the 
variety of apple known as Peck's Pleasant; 
both at our local fair and at the New York 
State Fair specimens were entered as Peck’s 
Pleasant that were quite dissimilar. As we 
grow It it is medium in size, usually slightly 
flattened, often oblique, light green, turning 
to yellow and in Fall often covered with 
whitish spots. Stalk short and thick; tree 
quite spreading, like Greening. Thomas de¬ 
scribes it as growing rather erect. Will you 
tell us what you consider the true shape and 
appearance of the Peck's Pleasant apple? 
Teck’s Pleasant is an old and very good 
apple. The tree is of spreading habit and a 
good bearer under most conditions. The fruit 
is medium to large in size; roundish oblate 
in shape, sometimes lopsided or rhomboidal; 
greenish yellow when fully ripe and rarely 
blushed; sub-acid in flavor and rich in quality. 
One quite peculiar characteristic is the short, 
thick and often fleshy stem. 
II. E. VAN DEHAN. 
Downing, Elliott, Thomas and Warder very 
generally agree in their descriptions of Peck's 
Pleasant. Thomas says: “Growth erect.” 
This is true with young trees; less so as 
they grow older. Warder's description, page 
42, “Fruit large, flattened, globular, some¬ 
what shallow sulcus or furrow on side; sur¬ 
face smooth, yellow or orange, being some¬ 
times faintly blushed; dots gray, with white 
bases. Basin rather shallow and folded ; eye 
small and open; calycinal segments being 
short. Cavity wide, but often lipped, brown; 
stem short, very thick, clubbed or knobby. 
Core large, closed, clasping the eye; seeds 
numerous, angular; flesh yellow, tender, 
breaking, tine grained; flavor sub-acid and 
somewhat aromatic; of first quality in the 
north; use table, kitchen or market. Season 
December to January or fater.” This agrees 
with my knowledge of the fruit. 
U. S. PomolOgiSt. G. B. BI1ACKETT. 
The description of the fruit of Peck's Pleas¬ 
ant corresponds with the variety as I have 
observed it grown in several sections. I was 
at the fair at Cobleskill and found two or 
three varieties labeled “Peck's Pleasant” 
there, which 1 threw out as not being cor¬ 
rect. The habits of the tree I cannot give 
you, for the reason the apple is not grown 
here and never lias been. It is a rare thing 
to have any inquiry for it, and I recollect it 
only as I knew the fruit when I was a boy. 
At that time we grew it in the nursery, and 
its growing habits were quite unsatisfactory. 
S. U. WILLAKD. 
We do not grow Peck's Pleasant in this 
section, and I have rarely seen fruiting 
trees of this variety. I have often seen the 
fruit, however, in fruit shows, and usually 
find no trouble in recognizing it. According 
to my ideal the fruit is of moderate size 
or even rather smallish, distinctly oblate in 
form, and somewhat irregular, with a ten¬ 
dency to be ribbed. The cavity is rather nar¬ 
row and distinctly round, while the base 
should be comparatively broad. The color 
is a greenish yellow, somewhat like the New¬ 
town Pippin, but usually brighter, sometimes 
with a distinctly red blush. I do not pre¬ 
tend to be an expert on this variety, never 
having been thoroughly familiar with it. It 
is a good apple and ought to be grown. 
F. A. WAUGH. 
Irrigation With Hydraulic Ram. 
A. F. A., Aztec, N. M. —I have a small piece 
of land above an irrigation ditch on which I 
wish to put water. The highest part is 30 
feet above the water. Fall five or six feet, 
head 25 to 40 gallons per minute; can per¬ 
haps get it increased to double that amount 
at times. I have contemplated using a 
hydraulic ram, but the ditch carries consid¬ 
erable sediment at times. I shall have to 
use as small a ram as will do the work, as 
pipe is very high here; it must all be freight¬ 
ed in after very high railway charges. I 
think I could get along on 50 barrels per 
day, but should prefer 100. llow much water 
should a ram with 2% drive and one inch 
discharge put in the tank? Will the sedi¬ 
ment choke the ram? Would a windmill be 
better, and where would it better be located, 
at ditch or tank? Ilow could I avoid valves 
being cut out rapidly by sediment? I had 
thought of placing windmill over ditch or 
well at side of ditch, placing cylinder to 
water and using a 40-foot standpipe. Would 
that elevate the water, say 35 feet, or must 
it be higher? Diagram shows situation, and 
x where water must be taken out to run ram. 
Ans. —It is generally stated that a hy¬ 
draulic ram will elevate one-seventh of the 
supply volume of water to a height five 
times the fall, or one-fourteenlh part to a 
height of 10 times the fall. Gen. Haupt 
found, in 1868, that a small ram, working 
under a head of 8.812 feet through a 1.5- 
inch pipe 15 feet long and discharging its 
water through a three-fourth-inch pipe 
200 feet long to a height of 63.3 feet, was 
able to deliver 4S cubic inches, or 1,736 
pounds of water per minute. The quan- 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
tity of water which worked the ram in this 
case was 768 cubic inches, equal to 3.31 gal¬ 
lons per minute, or 27.73 pounds. The ram 
cited, working under the above conditions, 
supplied water at the rate of an acre-inch 
in 90.75 days, or only water enough to 
cover one inch deep .0112 of an acre per 
day. If water is to be applied to land at 
the rate of two inches in depth every 10 
days this ram could supply water to irri¬ 
gate only 2,439 square feet, or an area less 
than 50 feet on a side. The amount of 
water A. F. A. thinks he might need—100 
barrels per day—if applied to land at the 
rate of two inches once in 10 days will 
irrigate an area of only 40,104 square feet, 
or less than an acre, taking a barrel at 50 
gallons. It is clear, therefore, that only 
the large rams can supply water enough 
to irrigate any considerable area. Further 
than this, it must be understood that, un¬ 
der the conditions named, a ram will use 
from eight to 11 times the amount of 
water pumped, and to waste this from an 
irrigation ditch could not be afforded un¬ 
less the owner or another could use the 
waste water without loss or expense. A 
windmill would, of course, deliver all the 
water it took from the ditch and a 40-foot 
stand pipe would deliver all the water it 
could pump if the discharge pipe were 
made large enough. A one-inch delivery 
550 feet long, under a pressure of five feet, 
would only deliver about 4,500 gallons— 
90 barrels—per day, and since the wind¬ 
mill would have to lift the water against 
a head of 40 feet in order to maintain an 
effective head of five feet, it is clear that 
no large area can be irrigated with a 
windmill under such conditions. 
F. H. KING. 
Chemicals for Alfalfa. 
J. B., Cobleskill, N. Y .—We have one piece 
of Alfalfa of about two acres sown three 
years ago with Winter wheat. It has not 
been a success; still the fine hay we get is 
a little better than none, as we will have 
about four tons this year. Three acres sown 
alone May 11, 30 pounds to the acre, made a 
good stand, but was much opposed by 7 mus¬ 
tard. The Alfalfa looks very well though 
now. Would some South Carolina rock do 
those fields good? If so, how much and when? 
Ans. —We think the acid rock will help 
the Alfalfa. We should use muriate of 
potash with it. Three parts by weight 
of rock to one of muriate, about 400 
pounds per acre. On level land use the 
chemicals this Fall. 
Cement Fob Hollow Tbees. —Not long 
since I met Prof. John Uri Lloyd. lie in¬ 
formed me that upon his lot were some old 
forest trees with hollow butts, hollow trunks 
■where limbs had broken off. These were all 
dug out clean, limbs sawed close to the body 
of the tree and then filled with cement, and 
now they are covered and covering with fresh 
bark. One tree that had a large hole at the 
ground, so large that a small child used it as 
a playhouse, took a barrel of cement to fill 
the cavity, and is now nearly surrounded 
with new bark, not more than a strip four 
inches left not covered with bark. Many 
farmers have valuable trees that have hol¬ 
low trunks; why not ask them all to try to 
cement their old hollow hearts? 
Ontario Co., N. Y. c. G. lloyd. 
Selling Small Fruits. —Very little can 
be said of the past season in favor of small 
fruits. Where the crop was fair the prices 
were low, and where the prices were fair the 
crop was short. Picking, commission and 
boxes tend to make the growing of straw¬ 
berries almost prohibitory, and commission 
especially so. One merchant whom the writer 
has supplied with strawberries for several 
years, and sometimes at a disadvantage to 
himself, refused to handle berries for 25 
cents per crate commission ; 25 cents commis¬ 
sion, 32 cents per picking and 14 cents for 
boxes, 71 cents in all, left but a small margin 
for the grower when berries sold for 80 cents 
per crate and sometimes even less than that. 
It is not, however, the wish that the public 
should pay an unreasonable price, but rather 
that the perquisites of others should be more 
reasonable. wit jaok s on. 
Godfrey, 
Southern Strawberries. —I watch your 
strawberry correspondents very closely. They 
seem to have a hard time growing them up 
there. It is quite interesting to me. I am 
in that business here, and anything said on 
that line is read with much pleasure. I have 
hardly any trouble with them here; set them 
out about middle of November, fertilize in 
drill with pure ground bone and muriate or 
sulphate of potash, three parts bone and one 
of the potash, and if possible add one part 
cotton-seed meal. They require no more at¬ 
tention until picking time, which begins about 
March 15, and continues to June 15. Yield 
per acre from 4,000 to 5,000 quarts. Lady 
Thompson, Parker Earle, Klondyke and Excel¬ 
sior are the best. o. h. b. 
Hattiesburg, Miss. 
Ditches for Drains. —As to Mr. Davis's 
article in It. N.-Y. of May 30 relative to tile 
drainage I desire to say that in my opinion 
the services of a practical engineer are not 
necessary in connection with the laying of 
tile on the average farm. Of course in ditch¬ 
ing a large tract of land to which there is 
very slight fall an engineer's services would 
probably be advisable, but the farmer who 
wants to put in 100 or 200 rods of tile ditch 
can with care do so successfully. In the 
past 17 years 1 have put in many rods of tile 
ditch on my farm and every ditch works. I 
have in mind a large farm near here on which 
the owner without the assistance of an engi¬ 
neer has put in hundreds of rods of tile, and 
to the best of my knowledge these ditches 
have never given any trouble. In this con¬ 
nection I wish to commend to farmers hav¬ 
ing tile to lay the Coggshall ditcher. With 
this implement the putting in of tile ditches 
ceases to be a bugbear. It is not an expen¬ 
sive tool, and will save its cost many times to 
a farmer who has any amount of ditch to 
put in. g. l. b. 
Groton, N. Y. 
A Personal Note. —My property is small 
in acres, only 28. I have five acres in bear¬ 
ing orchard and 15 more well under way. 
Last year I realized from these five acres 
$1,200 for apples; my barrels cost $110, and 
fertilizer $50. My son and I did all the 
work. We ship all our best to I,ondon or 
Liverpool. I feel quite interested in hens; 
last Winter, in four months, commencing Jan¬ 
uary 1, from 35 pullets I gathered 240 dozen 
eggs, which sold for $00 (can Mapes beat 
that?). After the four months they had 
their liberty and mixed with the rest. I was 
not able to keep an account of them, but this 
Summer from 70 hens, half the eggs have fed 
them, and also raised 100 chickens. What 
business will beat that? But you must have 
an old man or old woman back of it, for noth¬ 
ing will show neglect quicker than a hen. 
C. M. L. 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
ADDIP DAD0CI Q —Buy now and save money 
ftr ILL UHniiLLOi Itobt. Gillies, Medina, N. Y. 
Dt Afll and other fruit trees at wholesale prices. Pricelist 
ruAun free. K. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
I t. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
"a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8. 
nI I LL. I IILLU Peach. 1‘ear. I'lum ana v uuu 
W. T. MITCHELL. & SON, BEVERLY, OHIO. 
BUDS READY FOR SHIPMENT. 
Peach. Apple, Pear and Cherry Trees, by the thousand 
or in carload lots. Buyers appreciate our packing 
and guaranteed safe delivery. 
Write for free catalogue. 
Harrison's Nurseries, Box 29, Berlin, Md. 
FRUIT TREES. 
A Large Assortment of the Finest Quality 
of Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees, 
at very Low Prices. We make a Specialty 
of dealing Direct with the Farmers. 
Write for Price List. 
CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry* O. 
KEVITTS PLANTS 
GOOD ENOUGH FOR ME. Athenia, N. J. 
30,000 APPLE TREES, 
Two and three years old for sale at reasonable prices. 
Good healthy trees and best varieties. Send to 
EDWARD BACON for price-list, Dansvllle, N. Y. 
KFRUIT BOOK 
'shows in NATURAL COLORS and 
accurately describes 216 varieties of 
fruit. Send for our liberal terms of distri¬ 
bution to planters.— Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo. 
TREES TREES TREES 
400,000 Apple, 300,000 Peach, 
50,000 Pear, 40,000 Sour Cherry, 
40,000 Japan Plums. 
Best packing, best grading, best prices, best trees; 
Destplace to buy orchards. Jobbers supplied. Ourfree 
catalogue is meaty. No agents. Firm not impersonal. 
Woodview Nurseries, B. 3, Mu Holly Springs, Pa 
LARGEST PEACH TREE 
GROWERS IK THE SOUTH. 
Write for our now illustrated and 
descriptive catalogue of general 
Nursery Stock. 
CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
BERCKMANS 
CO. 
AC/GC/STA GA 
111 II DC FOR FALL 
IIULD9 PLANTING 
and plants, including our celebrated grass mix- 
and pleasure ground. HENRY A. DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, &c 
Our New Bulb Catalogue is sent free. It tells 
all about the best bulbs, also seasonable seeds 
and plants, including our celebrated grass mix- 
EST. 1884. DWYER’S NURSERIES. EST.,884. 
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Vines, Shrubs and Plants, in all the standard 
and new varieties. Write to us for our free, descriptive, and illustrated catalogue. 
T. J. DWYER & CO., Orange County Nurseries, Cornwall, N. Y. 
TREES AND PLANTS 
Our FREE CATALOGUE will save yot 
Free from Scale. New and Choice Varieties. 
Blackberries, Strawberries, Raspberries. 
youemoney. MILK & SON, Bridgeville, Del. 
TRCEQ $7 PER 100, FREIGHT PAID, Carolina Poplars. Healthy, true to 
■ B ML. H 11 name and Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants at low wholesale prices. 
* ® Catalogue free. RELIANCE NURSERY, Rox 10, Geneva, New York. 
10,000 Stayman Winesap. 
“Good words for this grand apple.”—Report Pennsylvania Horticultural Association. 
“Have fruited Stayman four years in Monroe County; produced more apples than any other variety.”— 
President H. A. Chase. “Think we have no apple that will yield the amountof fruitthat Stayman does.”— 
Dr. ,T. H. Funk . Our new Catalog accurately describes all fruits worth planting in Central Atlantic Stat es. 
Tlxo Fa-tterson. Woxrsery Oo., Stowartstown, Pa 
HOYT’S NURSERIES NEW ENGLAND 
and no more complete line of “ A 1 ” stock grown in the United States. Fruit Trees, Shade Trees and 
Ornamentals. Write us about your Fall planting—advice based on experience of three generations, free. 
Catalogue for the asking. 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., NEW CANAAN, CONNECTICUT. 
GOING! GOING! 
Metz Spy, Bothwell Grimes, Powell Spitz, Sutton, Baldwin, 
and other leading sorts bred from selected hearing parents are now sold close, and we will have 
very few, if any, of many leading sorts for Spring tinless reserved now. Why wait until Spring, pay 
more, and take what you can get elsewhere? Why not give us your orders now, with deposit, and have 
what you want reserved for Spring shipment? We can ship now if you prefer. Write us what you want. 
Fall is the BUSINESS time to BUY your trees. 
The Tree Breeder. KOGEKS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
DO YOU SHIP APPLES? 
If so, allow us to call your attention to the 
SOUTH SIDE CALIFORNIA APPLE BOX. 
SOUTH SIDE MFG. CO., PETERSBURG, VA- 
