1904. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
847 
Hope Farm Notes 
Fruit Notes. —The following suggestion 
from a Pennsylvania fruit grower has inter¬ 
ested me: 
“For a portion of your orchard that you 
are going to plant next Spring, dig the holes 
perhaps a little larger and possibly, a little 
deeper than you have been doing, and lill 
this Fall with a mixture of coarse stable 
manure and kainit. in the Spring, fork 
out the coarse material and use as a mulch. 
1 tried this experiment some years ago in 
a piece of new ground that had never been 
plowed, and I could see the good effects for 
several years." 
We have already dug 100 holes and fijled 
them with manure. A quantity of kainit 
will he scattered over. 1 think this will give 
a first-rate place for a young tree in the 
Spring, it ought to keep the soil mellow and 
open, while the manure will be right at hand 
for mulching. As I have stated, we shall 
plant, no trees this Fall. Some of the trees 
I got last Fall were not well matured. They 
could not stand the fearful Winter. Even 
the best of the Fall planted trees were hurt 
by the cold, and were late in starting. 
While in former years I have lost very few 
Fall planted trees I will take no risk this 
year.The same as in former 
years, my mulched trees hold their foliage 
late in the season. One block of peach trees 
planted in May and thoroughly mulched had 
hardly dropped a leaf by the middle of No 
ventber. The leaves are still bright greeu. 
The same is true of a small peach orchard 
near the road, on which slops from the house 
have been poured. The mulched trees are 
lianging on to their leaves. I cannot see 
that they have made any growth since early 
September, but there has been a slow ripen¬ 
ing of the wood—slower I think than where 
the leaves were dropped at once. The same 
tiling occurred last year. The young apple 
trees held their foliage thick and green right 
up to freezing weather. Many of the dead 
leaves were still on the trees this Spring. 
I was told last Fall that these trees would 
prove tender, and that cold weather would 
kill them. The fact is that they stood the 
fearful cold on our exposed hills better than 
any other trees I have. Why should not 
this be so, when we consider what the 
leaves do? The fact that they hang to the 
tree does not mean that new and tender 
growth is being made, but that extra stores 
of starch, sugar and other food are being 
packed away for next year’s use. When 
maple trees lose their leaves early the sap 
is much lower in sugar than the sap from 
trees that remained in full leaf late in the 
season. I have great respect for a tree that 
hangs to its leaves like a bulldog to his job! 
Public Matters. —Taxpaying time is again 
in sight. For the sake of comparison i give 
here the items in our tax bill : 
Rate per $100 
County tax . 
Bounty and interest . 
County poor tax . 
State school .IS 
Borough purposes .20 
Special school tax.52 
.42 
.028 
.018 
$1,420 
We have no tax for State expenses in New 
Jersey—the corporations take care of that! 
They are even talking now of getting enough 
more out of the corporations so as to wipe 
out the State tax for schools. I make no 
particular objection to paying school tax, 
though I have never received any direct ben¬ 
efit from it. I feel that a well-conducted 
school is an advantage to any neighborhood, 
provided they keep away from educational 
fads and give the children a common-sense 
training. 1 have no money to pay a jot of 
people who want to experiment with children 
by trying new methods on them. I would 
like to know how these figures compare with 
the tax rate on farm property in other States, 
where there are few corporations to "foot 
the bills.” My belief is that for every dollar 
we squeeze directly out of a corporation 
they turn around and squeeze 10 indirectly 
out of the public. I would rather pay taxes 
on a fair valuation of my property, and 
make the corporations do the same. 
The hunters gave us an idea of what a l’ort 
Arthur bombardment sounds like the day the 
law was “off.” They kept away from the 
lower part of the farm, but burned consider¬ 
able powder on the hills. Many a man spent 
the price of a day’s work in powder and shot, 
worked up a great appetite and then came 
home with nothing but some big stories of 
game that got away. It is a great pity that 
some of these men cannot have as much fun 
aiming an ax at an extra woodpile as they do 
carrying a gun ! The old French nobles would¬ 
n’t even let a man build a fence around his 
farm to keep game from eating his crops. 
It was claimed that all such game belonged 
to the King, and the common people had no 
right to deprive it of food. Some of our 
modern hunters seem to have about the same 
view of things. 
Chickens in Florida.—I have had a 
number of question like the following: 
“I have heard that liens do not do as well 
in Florida as farther north, but do not know 
why. A friend tells me that wheat is from 
$1.80 to $2 per 100 retail in Miami, while 
eggs are seldom less than 30 cents and poul¬ 
try 25 cents per pound, live weight, both of 
which are shipped largely from Georgia and 
Alabama.” 
All I know is what people tell me. I was 
surprised to see so few hens in the country, 
but I have no doubt they can be made to 
pay. The “chigger” I have mentioned is 
a tick-flea which fastens to the chick's head, 
and also attacks other animals. 1 am told 
that greasing the chick's head finishes the 
chigger. My judgment is that the southern 
hen has some natural advantages over her 
northern sister, but that the man back of 
her will have a job cut out for him. Let no 
man go to the South and imagine that hens 
will take care of themselves. Some people 
seem to think that the South is a great 
asylum for the lazy and incompetent—where 
nature makes a living for them. No greater 
nonsense ever got inside a thick skull. It is 
always the man back of the hen or horse or 
cow or trpe that means success or failure. 
Mr. Gait-skill, who wrote' on page 830 about 
Ids live stock in Florida says: 
”1 cannot quite understand why you should 
want to raise pullets here and ship north to 
lay eggs. I rather think you could get more 
out of your eggs and Thanksgiving pullets 
here than they would fetch in the North, but 
you can demonstrate whether early-hatched 
pullets can he shipped from here, and be 
made to lay earlier than the early-hatched 
northern grown pullets and I am glad to see 
yon are disposed to experiment. Florida is 
sadlv in need of demonstrators.” 
There are several reasons for it. My belief 
Is that we can raise a pullet to laying age 
cheaper in Florida than in New Jersey. I 
also think these early pullets will begin lay¬ 
ing in late Summer when our hens begin to 
go dry. Eggs are expensive then, while it 
is cheaper to find food for hens at range 
than at any other time. I do not care to 
winter any more stock than I can help. I 
figure that these early hatched pullets ought 
to lay through the Fall and be sold to good 
advantage in I'cccmber. That is what I 
think. I shall not know till I try. 
Erection Day. —We all helped “save the 
country.” Charlie is an election inspector, 
so he got to the polls early and put in a long 
day. As I consider the defeat of Mr. and 
Mrs. San Jose Scale about as important as 
any public matter I mixed up a mess of 
limoid and kerosene and went at some plum 
trees near the house. First we dishorned 
the trees—that is, cut the tops back far 
below the worst damage already done by 
the scale. Then I painted what was left 
of the tree with the K. L. My object is to 
start a new top lower than the former one 
and keep the scale off if it is possible. Some 
voters like to use their ballot as a whitewash 
brush and I considered Election Day a good 
time to get in some of that sort of voting 
against the scale. I wish that all political 
whitewash could have some killer like kero¬ 
sene in it! We finished our plum trees and 
then began on our oldest peach orchard. The 
trees must be cleaned for Winter by hoeing 
a space around them. Some of these trees 
have been neglected, and this hoeing was a 
hard job. When ever we found any trace 
of the scale the K. L. was put on. We also 
hunted for borers and marked the trees for 
a dose of hot lye. If was dinner time before 
we knew it. The Madame came out of her 
school room shortly after 10 o'clock to find 
her kitchen deserted. The woman who was 
supposed to preside there, but who had at¬ 
tempted to preside over the entire household, 
had walked off. We paid her that morning, 
and while the rest of us were at work she 
gathered her few goods and departed, saying 
neither “by your leave" nor “good bye.” f 
think this woman must nave read (or had 
lead to her) Whittier's poem “The Poor 
Voter on Election Day.” 
“Who serves to-day upon the list 
Beside the served shall stand. 
Alike the brown and wrinkled fist 
The gloved and dainty hand.” 
While the Hope Farm hands are not as 
dainty as those of the poet had in mind, this 
woman seemed to think that Election Day 
was a good time to put these hands at it. Ho 
she sneaked away and has not been seen or 
desired since. No tears were shed. I got 
the fire started under the pot and the 
Madame stirred things up so that we elected 
a good dinner of corned beef, potatoes, cab¬ 
bage, onions, pickled beets, bread and butter 
and baked apples. After dinner the Madame 
took Nellie and drove off to do some errands, 
while i’hilip and I went to vote. The child¬ 
ren all went along, and saw several good 
citizens perform what the poet calls “the 
kingliest act of freedom.” Dope Farm cast 
three votes. Of course nobody cares now 
how we voted. The children were so much 
interested that they secured a lot of waste 
ballots and wanted to have an election at 
home. II was hard to settle down to regular 
work after voting, so we looked about and cut 
wood during the short afternoon. The sun 
went down early, and as we watched the 
stars come out we wondered who had been 
elected ! The Madame got home in good sea¬ 
son. the bov went for the mail on the pony— 
the darkness came upon us like a damp cur¬ 
tain and drove us all into the house. Back 
among our hills there was little to show that 
15.000,000 people had been electing a ruler. 
Oft’ toward Paterson and New York the sky 
was a little brighter where one one side or 
the other was celebrating, but the hills and 
the clouds were indifferent. They have seen 
centuries pass away, and will see many more! 
What do thev care for a poor little genera¬ 
tion of men7 The children wanted an ap¬ 
propriate story, so I told them about the 
great political contest between Brother Bear 
and Judge Lynx. Brother Bear won by one 
vote, but this was onlv done through a great 
political deal on the part of Cousin Wood¬ 
chuck. Judge Lynx ran in six fraudulent 
votes. The children wanted to know whether 
he was a Republican or a Democrat. That is 
too much for me and with his well known 
character if would hurt somebody’s feelings if 
I gave my opinion. The little boy seems to 
be our politician. He says he can tell which 
party a man belongs to by the way hr walks. 
True, some walked with more animation than 
others after the election ! it. W. C. 
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