1904. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
925 
Questions about Onions. 
R. 8. G., New Egypt, N. J. —I wish to 
learn something about onion growing. I have 
several acres of black sand and muck ground; 
plenty of spring water, yet plenty of fall to 
drain. I know nothing about growing the 
crop. 
Ans.—A small book by Gregory (price 
30 cents) gives much information about 
onion culture. “The New Onion Culture,” 
by Greiner (price 50 cents), describes the 
method of transplanting onions from the 
hotbed. If you have had no experience 
with the crop you will make a mistake to 
start on a large scale. Go slow and make 
your failures on a small area before 
branching out. 
Wealthy, McIntosh and Sutton Apples. 
ir. .If. T., Penn Tan , N. Y.—Will you in¬ 
form me about the following apples : Wealthy, 
McIntosh and Sutton, as to vigor of tree, 
early hearing, annual bearing, freedom from 
fungus and size of fruit. Does the Wealthy 
ripen so as to come too much in competition 
with peaches and Fall fruit? In a small 
way, which would be the most profitable to 
raise commercially in this locality? 
Ans. —The three apples inquired about 
are all good for almost any of the north¬ 
ern apple-growing regions, except where 
the Winters are very severe. In western 
and central New York they are very suit¬ 
able. Wealthy is very hardy in tree and 
remarkably early in coming into bearing. 
Its season of ripening is a little after the 
late peaches are gone, but it will not keep 
into tbe Winter when grown anywhere 
except in the extreme North. I he fruit 
sells well in market, as it is of fair size 
and quality, and very handsome in appear¬ 
ance. The trees make excellent fillers be¬ 
tween the more tardy bearers, for they 
will occupy the spaces very profitably 
while the others are growing to bearing 
size and age. It is not especially subject 
to disease. McIntosh is one of the 
Fameuse type, and like it, quite subject to 
the attacks of scab. However, where the 
trees are properly sprayed it Is one of the 
very good kinds for both market and fam¬ 
ily use. It is a good but not precocious 
bearer. Sutton is a standard Winter apple 
that begins to bear at reasonably early age, 
and is a regular bearer from about 10 
years from planting and upwards. The 
fruit looks well, keeps well and tastes bet¬ 
ter than Baldwin, which variety it much 
resembles in appearance. I would plant it 
with Wealthy as a filler. H. E. v. D. 
Peaches in Pennsylvania. 
C. P. B., North Brook, Pa. —What com¬ 
mercial value would the Honey peach of the 
Southern States have for southeastern Penn¬ 
sylvania, also Iielie of Georgia and Iron 
Mountain? About what season would they 
ripen here? What would be their probable 
value as market varieties compared to Old- 
mixon Free and Stump, quality also consid¬ 
ered ? 
Ans. —The Honey peach would be of no 
value in Pennsylvania, as the tree is ten¬ 
der and the variety only one for amateur 
use in any place. Belle of Georgia and 
Iron Mountain are both good peaches for 
any of the peach growing regions, and 
would probably do well with the inquirer. 
They both ripen not far from the middle 
of the peach season, the former being 
somewhat earlier and the latter a little 
later. Compared with Oldmixon Free and 
Stump they are fully as good, if not better, 
especially the former. Their quality is 
very good, that of the Iron Mountain be¬ 
ing particularly so. H. E. v. D. 
Injurious Insects from Turkey. 
IT. G., Amassia, Turkey .—Our fruit crop 
this year was very scarce; early frosts had 
damaged not only fruit trees, but ail the veg- 
tables. One of the most important crops of 
this city, okra, is worth about 50 cents a 
pound the best quality; this price is unusual 
for it. Our apple crop was scarce and gen¬ 
erally of low quality. I enclose a little in¬ 
sect, the adult of a three-fourths-incli cater¬ 
pillar, which eats the leaves of our apple 
trees. I studied its life cycle, but I have been 
practically unable to find its eggs on the 
trees. I should be glad if your entomologist 
would give me some idea about its life history 
and name and the way of preventing i.t. 
Ans. —Although coming from faraway 
Turkey the little insect which had dam¬ 
aged the correspondent’s apple trees is in 
sufficiently good condition for me to deter¬ 
mine it as one of the small Ermine moths 
belonging to the genus Yponomeuta. This 
little moth is a common pest throughout 
Europe on apple and some other fruit 
trees. The moth is said to lay her eggs 
in roundish patches on the small twigs, 
and to cover these patches with a kind of 
strong gum, which is yellow at first, but 
gradually changes to a dark brown, so as 
not to be easily distinguishable from the 
brown twigs. In England the eggs hatch 
in October, but the little caterpillars re¬ 
main sheltered under the patches of gum 
during the Winter, and do not come out 
until the leaves begin to unfold in the 
Spring. Then they burrow into the young 
leaves and feed on the soft matter within 
until they are strong enough to eat the 
whole leaf. They live together in large 
companies, often spinning webs over their 
feeding grounds. When fully grown they 
change to pupae inside these webs, and 
soon transform into the pretty white moths 
with black spots on their wings. Where 
they occur in large companies and spin 
webs, one could either cut off the webs and 
destroy the caterpillars within, or burn 
them out with a torch. Some state that 
they can be jarred from the tree on the 
ground, where they can be easily killed. 
American fruit growers would simply 
spray the infested trees with Paris-green 
or some other poison now extensively used 
in spraying. m. v. slingerland. 
Apples for New Jersey. 
E. F. 1).. Bergen Fields, N. J .—Next Spring 
I shall plant a commercial apple orchard, 
marketing mostly in New York City. Land 
is in Bergen County, rather sandy, high, well 
drained, with very gentle eastern slope; in 
sod for six years; has some Red clover. I 
shall plow and harrow in Spring, then plant 
(quincunx style), giving each tree some 
fertilizer, trees to stand 30 by 30 feet apart 
when fillers are removed. I wish earliest 
possible bearing trees, as ground will be cut 
up into city lots within 20 years. I shall 
plant hoed crops in orchard until trees 
bear, fertilizing when necessary; will spray 
trees if I find it profitable. I wish a good 
proportion of annual bearers, as free from 
scab as possible, and four-fifths of apples of 
varieties keeping in cold cellar storage until 
February 15 or later. I wish to keep 
varieties down to six or less. Two years ago 
I planted on this ground as experiments 
five trees, fertilizing once $ind cultivating 
land near trees. Following Is result: Red 
Astraclian, excellent: Fameuse, excellent; 
Baldwin and Bismarck, fair; It. I Greening, 
rather poor. I have selected the following 
as being the earliest bearers: 40 per cent 
Jonathan, 20 per cent Wagener (fillers), 20 
per cent Banana (fillers), 10 per cent Wealthy 
(fillers), 5 per cent McIntosh; for home use, 
a few Roxbury Russet. Tolman, Oldenburg 
and Ilubbardston. Would this be a first-class 
selection? Can you suggest any additions, 
omissions, or changes in proportion from this 
list that would probably give me better re¬ 
sults in view of statements above? Do 
you think any of the following apples pref¬ 
erable : Winesap. York Imperial, Newtown 
Pippin, Baldwin, Gravenstein, Twenty Ounce, 
Rome Beauty? 
Ans. —The plan of the proposed apple 
orchard is very good, all things considered, 
and far better than tbe average. The 
distance apart for planting the trees and 
the style of planting are good. The plan 
to use early bearing varieties as fillers 
or temporary trees, to be removed when 
the other trees need this space and they 
shall have served their purpose, is ex¬ 
cellent. The varieties mentioned are all 
good, but it seems to me that some of 
them might be altered to advantage. In¬ 
stead of using 40 per cent Jonathan and 
20 per cent Banana, I would think 20 per 
cent Jonathan, 20 per cent Grimes and 
20 per cent York Imperial would be 
ter, leaving out Banana altogether. \ 
athan is an excellent variety, but there 
others that are fully as good in qus 
and appearance, and as profitable. W 
ener and Wealthy are very good for 
ers, and so is Oldenburg. Yellow Tr. 
parent serves the same purpose, and has 
the advantage of ripening very early. 
Winesap is not very suitable to that part 
of country, nor does Newtown succeed 
well there, especially on sandy land. Rome 
Beauty would be a good variety to plant, 
and the same is true of Hubbardston and 
Gravenstein, but the list is now quite long 
for commercial purposes. For family use 
the case would be different, and a very 
few trees of each variety mentioned might 
be planted. Being very close to New 
York City, the market advantages are ex¬ 
cellent, and all not used at home could be 
sold. - H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
CA 50 
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Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine. 
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 409 Pearl Street, NEW YORK. 
