1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
i5 
The Udder of the Cow. 
(CONTINUED.) 
the milk they have secreted and, per¬ 
haps, actually form more during the 
milking. Of course, as we all know by 
experience, the action of blood vessels 
and veins is affected by the action of 
the nerves. These nerves may contract 
or expand the blood vessels that supply 
the udder and, since the milk all comes 
to the udder in the blood, we can easily 
see that a cow must be kept good 
natured and happy if she is to work this 
wonderful milk machine of hers to the 
best advantage. 
It seems as though a wooden man 
ought to know, after thinking about 
this matter, that every time he kicks or 
strikes or yells at a nervous cow, he 
stops the workings of this machine. A 
milk separator is as crude as a saw 
horse in comparison with the mechanism 
of the cow’s udder. Yet we know what 
a loss occurs when the separator is a 
little “ out of plumb,” or when it shakes 
in running. How much greater must be 
the loss when the cow is ill-treated, or 
not made comfortable ! Let us suppose 
that, through some fault of yours, the 
udder does not work properly. It does 
not take the sugar and the casein out of 
the blood and make them into milk ! 
These substances run past into the kid¬ 
neys and part of them pass away as 
urine ! That is poor business for a milk¬ 
man to be in ! 
At Fig. 8, is shown the outside of the 
udder, with some of the blood vessels 
that act as belts and shafts from the 
stomach or engine. Next week, we wish 
to speak of them, and, also, to show the 
best shape and form of udder for milk¬ 
making. _ 
DAIRY OR BEEF CATTLE. 
WHICH FOR VIRGINIA ? 
I live in Piedmont, Va., 25 miles from Roanoke. 
I wish to raise cattle. Which would pay best, to 
raise grade Jerseys to sell to people near town for 
cows, or to raise grade Short-horns for beef? I 
am expecting to buy a bull of one kind or the 
other. J. R. G. 
Better Make it Beef. 
While the dairy in itself is all right, 
there is little compensation in raising 
grade Jerseys for sale as cows, especially 
if you live so far from your expected 
purchasers that they cannot visit your 
herd and see what the cows are and 
actually do. If the raiser obtained a 
price commensurate with intelligent 
breeding and careful development, he 
might realize a nice profit, even with 
grade Jerseys ; but the buyer does not 
know of this, and the cow must sell on 
her appearance, which cannot be very 
attractive after the excitement and 
fatigue resulting from a 25-mile journey. 
I am 10 miles from the city stockyards, 
and I find that, when a cow has been 
driven this distance with the calf biwl- 
ing from an accompanying vehicle (for 
the dairymen always want to see the 
calf), she is not soothed to a point at 
which she appears to the best advantage, 
and the price is usually disappointing. 
Then one cannot count on more than 
one heifer calf to two cows. No one 
wishes grade bulls, and the more Jersey 
there is in a calf, the less it is worth as 
veal; so twice the capital is invested 
that would be required if raising beef, 
where both sexes are equally salable. 
If J. K,. G. conclude to raise cattle for 
beef, he has decided on the right breed. 
The more Short-horn blood the better. 
Before the Jersey has developed into a 
good, salable cow, the Short-horn will 
weigh 1,200 to 1,400 pounds, and whether 
heifer or steer, will sell for double the 
price he will generally get for any but a 
first-class, grade cow, and then the 
buyer must be assured of the cow’s tem¬ 
perament and capability. The cost of 
feeding will be in favor of the cow, but 
in selling the cow, the need or inclina¬ 
tion of local dairymen decides the price, 
while every city in the land is open to 
the raiser of beef, and full value is re¬ 
ceived for good breeding and feeding, as 
excellence with beef is apparent on sight. 
If the mothers of either herd are to be 
milked and the product well marketed, 
it would make quite a difference, as the 
grade Jerseys should be more profitable 
in this respect than the Short-horns if 
they be of the proper beef type. 
Virginia. albert r. bellwood. 
A “ General-Purpose ” Cow. 
It is not very popular in this country 
to advocate a combined animal, but that 
is what I must do for J. R. G. Our equine 
friend, the Morgan horse, does our farm 
work. He is also among the speedy 
ones. It is true that neither Pamlico, 
Lord Clinton, nor Director ever worked 
at the plow, but New England boys and 
men can point to those that have done, 
and do, those things that are necessary 
on a farm, where one team plows, plants, 
rakes, mows, cultivates and is the Sun¬ 
day carriage team. This is the utility 
or general-purpose horse, and he is also 
found, thanks to his early education 
to usefulness, among the leaders at the 
course when people turn out to engage 
in the national sport. There are also 
the combined saddle and carriage horses. 
Then why should we not look with some 
favor on the combined cow, the general- 
purpose cow, or the cow with two special 
purposes instead of only one ? 
Why should not J. R. G. raise grade 
Short-horns for beef, and sell to people 
near towns just as many good cows as 
though he were breeding Jerseys ? This 
query is based on a few facts of observa¬ 
tion, and some knowledge of the breeds 
of cattle. We have had a herd of cattle 
in charge in North Carolina for several 
years, and have tested others, mostly 
Jerseys, or natives and grades during 
this period. During this time, most of 
the really decent beef which has reached 
the city of Raleigh, has come from Rich¬ 
mond, Va., or directly from southwest 
Virginia to one or two of the leading 
butchers of this city. It often happens 
that part of a car-load of beef cattle are 
cows. Of these, some are “ springing ” 
and also have to be fed and milked. A 
few of the most profitable cows which 
have come under my hands have been 
these southwest Virginia beef cows, 
showing unmistakable evidence of a pre¬ 
dominance of Short-horn blood. 
I will cite two cases : One cow now in 
hand has given over 1,000 pounds of milk 
in a month, and is equal to an average 
of the Jerseys in butter yield. Another 
which I am now using as a family cow, 
has yielded 5,174.8 pounds of milk, be¬ 
ginning with a stripping out after being 
with a calf all day April 9, 1896, to and 
including November 30. A monthly test 
of milk credits this cow with 304.97 
pounds of butter. The April test for 
butter is calculated for a full month. 
The State of Virginia and, especially, 
the southwestern part, has had some ex¬ 
cellent Short-horns, and it is a pity 
their milking qualities have not received 
half so much attention as their great 
feeding capacity to make beef. True it 
is, however, and the few Americans who 
have clung to this greatest of breeds 
and claimed general-purpose qualities 
for their cattle, have served to keep 
alive one of their most valuable traits. 
Their showing at the World’s Fair, con¬ 
sidering the few herds known to fame 
as dairy cattle and the few previously 
tested as compared with other highly 
advertised breeds, was remarkable. 
In England, where the Short-horns 
have ever been recognized as a dairy 
breed and are, probably, the leading 
dairy breed to-day, they hold high rank 
at public trials, as see the following 
from The Southern Planter in an article 
on Short-horns as Dairy Cows, and giv¬ 
ing the results of the recent dairy 
show in London. “ The 17 Short-horns 
entered gave 899 pounds 10 ounces of 
milk which yielded 35 pounds 1% ounce 
of butter, the ratio of milk to one pound 
of butter being 26 pounds. The 30 Jer¬ 
seys entered gave 897 pounds 3 ounces 
of milk, which yielded 49 pounds 3 
ounces of butter, the ratio of milk to one 
pound of butter being 18 pounds. The 
best Short-horn, Daisy Bell, gave 3 
pounds 7 ounces of butter; the next 
best, Daisy Model, gave 3 pounds 2 
ounces of butter. The highest Jersey 
yield was 2 pounds 10}£ ounces. Out of 
the 17 Short-horns entered, 12 of the 
animals gave over 1 pound 11 ounces 
of butter. Out of the 30 Jerseys entered, 
only 12 succeeded in exceeding this 
yield.” 
I believe that J. R. G. can, if he obtain 
a good Short-horn sire of the real milk¬ 
ing strain, furnish good cows to towns¬ 
people from the grades he will breed. 
Of course, he contemplates breaking in 
the young heifers, and giving them 
some private tests, and so be able to 
benefit by his own success in this by 
being abie to sell cows of high capacity 
at higher than ordinary prices. The 
males and misfit females will make beef. 
There may be, however, such a “ town 
demand” for Jerseys that it will pay J. 
R. G. to cater to it, rather than attempt 
to sell Short-horn grades, just as he 
must raise Timothy hay, to sell, if he is 
to make hay a sale crop, in order to stay 
at the top and demand of the market 
regardless of quality. But we do not 
find people that way in very many 
places. A family cow, if able to furnish 
milk for the family and to sell, or from 
which more butter than needed can be 
made, is the kind mostly wanted, what¬ 
ever her breeding so she can show a 
clean bill of health, and is a creditable 
looking specimen which her owner can 
show with some degree of satisfaction, 
while regaling his friends with tales of 
her doings as a milch or butter cow. 
N. C. Ex. Station, frank e. emery. 
JERSEY 
CATTLE 
First-C/ass Dairy Stock. 
Registered CALVES, 
BULLS and COWS. 
R C QUA III Hindi ) 907 Liberty St , Pittsburgh. Pa. 
. I. Oil/AHnUll, } Farm,Edgeworth,P.F.W.&C.R.R 
CAR C II C—Bull Calf, three months old, sired 
»Un wR*<C by Imported Slmmenthal Bull and 
from a noted Jersey cow. C. W. AKBEITER, Plaln- 
fleld, Will County, Ill. 
Guernseys. 
SIXTY HEIFERS FOR SALE. 
Highly bred, good individuals, perfect condi¬ 
tion. Very uniform lot. Come and see them. 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
RHINKCLIFF. N. Y. 
INCREASE the BUTTER FAT, by using a Bull 
Calf from 
Willswood Herd 
Registered Guernsey Cattle. 
WILLS A. SEWARD. Budd's Lake, N. J. 
Reg. Poland-Chinas, 
Berkshires & Chester Whites 
p Choice Strains: 8 -week Pigs: 
Boars and Sows, all ages, not 
akin. Sind your address for 
WT description and hard times 
prices. Hamilton & Co. Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. 
POLAND-CHINA BOAR 
for service, $ 10 ; sows bred. $15. 
F. H. GATES & SONS, Chlttenango, N. Y 
Catarrhal affections, like all Colds, are best reached 
by Dr. D Jayne's Expectorant. 
If bilious take Jayne’s Painless Sanative Pills .—Adv 
Cows barren 3 years 
MADE TO BREED. 
Moore Brothers, Albany, N. Y. 
BEFORE BUYING A NEW HARNESS 
Sendyouraddress with 2cstamp forlllus. 
Catalog, giving full description of Single 
and Double Custom Hand-Made Oak 
Leather Harness. Sold direct to consu¬ 
mer, at wholesale prices. King Harness 
Co., No. IO Church St.. Onego, N. Y. 
Simplest, Cheapest and Best. 
The CONVEX 
DEHORNER 
_ k A clean, noncrushing cut. 
Handsome and convincing catalogue free. 
WEBSTER & DICKINSON, Christiana.Pa. 
OLENTANGY INCUBATOR. 
1 nis machine will hatch every egg that can 
be hatched. It is the best. Absolutely 
self-regulating. Olentangy Brooders only 
$ 5 . Send stamp for catalogue. Address, 
GEO. S. SINGER, Cardington, O. 
162 FIRST PREMIUMS 
The largest breeders in the world use 
PRAIRIE STATE MACHINES 
exclusively. Send for 168 page catalog. 
PRAIEIE STATE I1TCB. CO. Homer City, Pa. 
BIG PERCENTAGE from fertile eggs 
is what every poultryman wants, and 
this can be mostsurely secured with the 
MONITOR INCUBATOR. Proven 
in our 80 p. catalog; sent for 4c. stamps. 
A.F.WILLIAMS, 54 Race st.BRISTOL,Conn. 
B4U BY INCUBATORS 
Send 6 cents for our fine illus¬ 
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poultry book. It’s worth 
$1 It will pay you many 
times it’s cost. Address.... 
OFS MOINES I NCUBAT0R CO., »•>, DES MOINES, I A. 
HERR’S Entertainment, Instruc¬ 
tion and Profit. Delivered to any 
part of rnrr Bantam .50 egg) 
the U. S. I (ICC and 75 Chick 
,Brooder *8. Invincible Hatcher, 
_ (lOOegg)aml 160chick Brooder,$15. 
^ Buckeye Hatcher sold on 30 days trial. All incuba- 
i tors are sell regulating and guaranteed. We have ln- 
5 cubators, (6: Brooders, $3. Send 4c for So. 23 catalog, 
fl Buckeye Incubator Co., Springfield, Ohio. 
THE IMPROVED 
VICTOR Incubator 
Hstches Chickens by Steam. Absolutely 
self-regulating. The simplest, most 
reliable, and cheapest first-class Hatcher 
In the market. Circulars FltEE. 
GEO. KKTRL CO.. QUINCY, ILL. 
H ATCH Chi ckens jw 
'EXCELSIOR Incubator 
Simple, Perfect, Self-Regulat¬ 
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operation. Lowest priced 
flrat-claaa Hatcher mude. 
GEO. II. STAHL. 
1 1 4 fol 22 X. 6lh St. Qiiliiev.nl. 
Mimilini minimi ■■■.in... . 
NEVER BEATENf 
in all the many shows inf 
which it has participated, | 
there must be something 
the superiority claims of the 
RELIABLEHNCU BATOR 
.’Self regulating, entirely auto-1 
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the poultry man in our new book. Send lOcts. forit. 
RELIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO.. QUINCY, ILLS 
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TRUETYPE CHESTER WHITES 
ever asked. I am the only Breeder with enough faith 
in the quality of his stock to guarantee to refund 
money and pay freight both ways on any stock re¬ 
jected. G. R. FOULKK, Bala Farm, West Chester, Pa 
f*hacliiroe~ SerYice b01rs ' 80ws bred aDd 
UllvdllirCw ready to breed; young pigs in pairs 
not akin. W. E. Mandeville, Brookton, Tomp. Co.,N.Y 
Cheshires 
Choice broad, deep and long- 
bodled Boars; young Sows bred 
and Fall Pigs that are just as 
line. ED. S. HILL, Tompkins 
County, Peruville. N. Y. 
CHAPMAN’S CATALOGUE 
Nlne-cent Potatoes and cheap Cheshires. 
Hints on growing potatoes and History of Hog seDt 
for two-cent stamp. C. E. CHAPMAN, Peruville, N.Y. 
LEFT 
1 —A few WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. 
Price, $2 each. 
G. C. BEARD, Fairland, N. Y. 
C 
ockerels, Pekin Ducks and Ground Beef Scraps. 
BROOKSIDK POULTRY FARM, Columbus, N.J. 
0. K. Animal Food. 
Get the best. TRY OCRS. Only $1.00 for trial bag. 
C. A. BARTLETT. Worcester, Mass. 
Ground Beef Scraps for Poultry 
Bone Meal. Granulated Bone, Crushed Oyster Shells. 
Calcite, Crushed Flint Send for Price List. 
YORK CHEMICAL WORKS, York, Pa. 
Standard Green Bone and 
Vegetable Cutter Co ., 
MILFORD, MASS., 
Sue. to The E. J. Roche Co. 
Warranted the only Manu¬ 
facturers of automatic 
feeding,easy running, dur¬ 
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6 sizes tor hand & power: 
No. 10, $6.75; No. 9, $7.90; 
No. 8 . $9.50; No. 3. $16: No.4. 
$18; No. 2, for power, $25. 
Sent on trial. Send for cat 
POULTRY SUPPLIES 
Send for 1897 Catalogue, Free. New York State 
Agency for Prairie State Incubators. 
Excelsior Wire and Poultry Supply Co., 
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