94 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
February 6 
Primer Science. 
WHAT FOOD FOR THE COW? 
FUEL FOR HER ENGINE. 
Part II. 
Last week, we went over some rations 
fed to Connecticut dairy cows. In these 
rations, the basis was ensilage—that is, 
the bulk or roughage came from the silo. 
Now before we start on the examina¬ 
tion of a ration, let us read this account 
of the feeding of dairy cows on hay— 
without ensilage. This experiment was 
conducted in Maine. Compare the cost 
of this feeding with last week’s figures. 
Never mind if you do not yet under¬ 
stand what “protein”, “carbohydrates”, 
etc., mean. We will explain that all in 
good time—go right ahead and study the 
whole thing. 
Four Hay Rations Compared. 
These experiments began in the fall 
with four high-grade Jersey cows ; all 
were new milch, and were respectively 
four, five, seven and eight years old. 
The cows were stabled during the winter 
in light, warm, well-ventilated quarters, 
and were given a chance to drink twice 
daily within the stable of water always 
well above the freezing point, and upon 
all pleasant days were allowed exercise 
in the yard, but were never allowed to 
become chilled from exposure. 
The grain ration was weighed care¬ 
fully and it was found easy to give the 
required amount of hay after having 
weighed out the right quantity a few 
times. Salt was usually fed to the cows 
in the grain ration daily, and occasion¬ 
ally given clear in the grain boxes if it 
was thought that they were not getting 
enough to satisfy them. The feed 
given during the first two months is 
shown in the following table : 
Ration No. 1. 
Dry Pro- Carbo- 
Lbs. Matter, teiti. hyd. Fat. Cost. 
24 mixed hay.20.8 1. 9.5 .3 .12 
3 cotton-seed meal. 2.76 1.11 .5 .3“ .035 
3 corn meal. 2.55 .21 1.93 .09 .024 
1 bran.89 .12 . 39 .03 .01 
27.00 2.44 12.32 .79 .19 
The hay was given in three feedings, 
and the grain was divided into two 
rations given morning and night. This 
ration, ualthough showing more bulk 
than necessary, was fed satisfactorily 
until it was discovered that there was a 
shortage of hay. Thinking it more ad¬ 
vantageous to buy grain than hay, the 
feeding of hay was discontinued at noon 
and grain substituted. 
Ration No. 2. 
Dry Pro- Carbo- 
Lbs. Matter, tein. byd. Fat. Cost. 
16 mixed hay. 13.05 .03 5.94 .195 .08 
4*4 cotton-seed meal 4 14 1.66 .76 .56 .052 
4*4 corn meal. 3 82 .31 2 89 .148 .036 
1 Yi bran. 1.33 .18 . 58 .043 .014 
22 34 2.78 10.17 .946 .18 
The change made no appreciable dif¬ 
ference, either in the yield of milk, or 
of butter, but the constipating effects of 
so large a ration of cotton seed meal 
with no green food, were soon experi¬ 
enced. After feeding in the above pro¬ 
portion for a period of two months, it was 
decided to give gluten meal a trial in the 
place of cotton-seed meal, as follows : 
Ration No. 3. 
Dry 
Pro- 
Carbo 
Lbs. 
Matter. 
tein. 
hyd. 
Fat. Cost. 
16 mixed hay. 
.. .. 13 9 
,67 
6.3 
.2 
.08 
5 gluten meal... 
.... 4 55 
1 27 
2.19 
.43 
.051 
4)4 corn meal... 
.... 3.82 
.31 
2.89 
.118 
.036 
cl 14 bran . 
.... 1.33 
.18 
.58 
.143 
.014 
23.6 
2.43 
11.96 
.82 
.18 
The result of feeding gluten meal was 
at once shown in the increased flow of 
milk,but the gain was more than counter¬ 
balanced by the loss of quality in the 
butter, as it was rendered soft and with¬ 
out grain or firmness. This was a serious 
defect, yet it was hoped that the liberal 
ration of corn meal would overcome the 
bad effects of the gluten meal, but as 
the butter continued of poor quality 
after a trial of two months, a change 
was made in the feed as follows : 
Ration No. 4. 
Dry Pro- Carbo- 
Lbs. Matter, tein. byd. Fat. Cost. 
16 mixed hay. 13 05 .63 5.94 .195 .08 
4V« corn meal . 3.82 .31 2 89 .148 .036 
3 "bran . 2.67 .36 1.17 .087 .028 
1>4 linseed meal o.p. 1 36 .43 .49 .106 .018 
154 cotton-seed meal 1.38 .55 .25 .189 .017 
22.28 2.28 10.74 .725 .18 
Feeding according to the above for¬ 
mula, the hay and grain were given in 
three feedings ; the butter produced 
proved fine and of superior quality. 
This ration was continued, as in the 
other experiments, for two months, and 
proved a most satisfactory one. 
During the summer, the cows had ac¬ 
cess to a well-watered pasture, contain¬ 
ing both high and low land, with better 
than the average quality of feed. A 
grain ration of three pounds of cotton¬ 
seed meal, three pounds of corn meal 
and one pound of bran was fed through¬ 
out the entire summer until the cows 
were within six weeks of the time due 
to calve. The average income and the 
cost of keeping a single cow for the 12 
months, are shown in the following 
statement: 
250 poundschoice dairy butter, at 25 cents. .$62 50 
Winter keeping, 240 days, at 18%c . $43 80 
Summer keeping. ] !S [ 
Total cost. 54 90 
Profit. $7 60 
The above statement shows the actual 
cash receipts and expenditures during 
the 12 months. The butter was deliv¬ 
ered to private customers in the city, 
weekly, at 25 cents per pound through¬ 
out the year. The price of hay given 
was the estimated average value of hay 
in the barn in this locality. The cost of 
the daily grain ration was calculated 
from the retail price paid as follows : 
Cotton-seed meal. $1.15 per cwt. 
Linseed meal (o. p.). 1.20 per cwt. 
Gluten meal. 1.25 per cwt. 
Corn meal.75 per cwt. 
Coarse bran.85 per cwt. 
Hay.10.00 a ton. 
By keeping the cows in the stable dur¬ 
ing nights in summer, and using dry loam 
for an absorbent throughout the year, 
1% cord of manure was secured from 
each cow. The skim-milk was fed to 
calves, pigs and poultry. Allowing the 
manure and skim-milk to pay for the 
labor in caring for the cows, and for 
handling and marketing their products, 
the account shows a balance of $7.60, 
which cannot be considered otherwise 
than a narrow margin of profit. Yet 
more profit is actually realized than is 
shown by the above statement. The 
large amount of nitrogenous food used 
increases the value of the manure, less 
commercial manure is purchased, and 
the buying and hauling of inferior 
stable manure from a distance is avoid¬ 
ed. A detailed statement giving all 
Uv ul- ^ ^ ^ 
HE WA5 
GOING TO 
m 
SHOOT IT —But he didn’t 
New York, Jan. 13, 1897. 
Dear Sirs: —I bought from your agent at the American Institute Fair in 
October last, a ton of H O Dairy Feed for experiment. I tried it for thirty 
days on an old cow 1 had about made up my mind to shoot, as she was very 
unprofitable, giving but one quart of milk in the morning, and one in the 
evening. At the end of the thirty days’ trial of your Feed, however, she gave 
eight quarts of milk a day and was rapidly coming into prime condition. 
Having seen such positive results I have ordered one car load of the H-0 
Feed for the cows on my farm. 
Very truly yours, GEO. W. WHITE, 
Restaurant, 349 Canal St., N. Y. City 
Dairv, Greeriridge, Staten Island. 
The H-0 Dairy Feed produces more milk, and richer in butter 
fats, than the feed you are now using. 
This is what we say, but the H-0 Feeds must prove it, or 
we ‘will refund your money willingly. 
? 
w 
H-O 
POULTRY 
FEED 
Produces 
MOREEGGS-QUICKER MOULTING 
H-O 
HORSE 
FEED \ 
Insures \ 
M0REW0RK-BETTER CONDITION 
N^-N-'O 
A TRIAL ORDER WILL PROVE OUR CLAIMS 
The H=0 (sr-r) 
Co., New York City 
W 
# 
TERRITORIES ASSIGNED ENERGETIC DEALERS 
A FEED MILL 
“XU GOLD MINE: 
The Scientific 
The best on Earth, Grinds 
all grains, including ear corn. 
Numerous styles and sices 
for all power. Send forcatalog. 
THE FOOS MFC/CO. 
Springfield, Ohio. 
products a cash value is as follows : 
250 lbs. choice dairy butter at $.25.$62 50 
1*4 cd. manure at $5. 7.50 
1,600 qts. skim-milk at $ 005 . 8.00 
Calf (four days old). 1.00 
Total products. $79.00 
Winter keeping, 240 days at $.18.$43.80 
su™ keepink.j 11.10 
14 bu. common salt.15 
Service Jersey bull. 1.00 
Taxes on cow.35 
Total cost.$56.40 
Actual profit.$22.60 
Whether or not by judicious breeding, 
the purchasing of feeding stuffs by the 
ton, and the use of ensilage and roots 
to supplement the grain ration, it is pos¬ 
sible to increase the cash profits, is a 
matter for further experiment. Judg¬ 
ing from information obtained from 
dairymen producing for creameries, and 
from those who make private dairying 
a specialty, as well as from my own ex¬ 
perience, it would seem that when butter 
is sold for less than 20 cents per pound, 
or cows are kept that yield less than 200 
pounds of butter per year, a loss must 
be realized. Arthur w. reed. 
There is food for a month’s thought in 
this article, and we shall try to take up 
some of these points in due time. 
While we are discussing the relative 
value of ensilage and hay, another ques- 
(Conti/nued on next page.) 
NCH 
1LS 
All kinds farm grind¬ 
ing. A boy can operate 
and keen in order. 28 
I sizes and styles. Every 
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1111 “Hook onMllls” 
and sample 
meal FREE. 
All kinds mill 
machinery. 
Flour nills built, roller or 
system. Get our reduced 
NORDYKE&MARMONCO. 
>70 0AYST., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 
The 
ii 
SMALLEY 
Our “family" comprises for ’96, Ensilage and Fod¬ 
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read by every "up-to-date" stock-raiser and dairyman 
in U. S. No. 1. "The Model Round Silo and howto 
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on the silo. No. 2 tells about “Corn-Hay,” the new 
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SMALLEY MFC. CO., Manitowoc, WIs. 
This ip ‘.hr 
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GRINDING MILL 
ForCORN and COBS, 
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MEAL. Improved for’9ti-’97. 
Send for all mills advertised. 
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^A.W. STRAUB & CO. 
1‘lillail*.. Pa., and 41 8 . Jefferson St., Chicago, IU- 
> 
As sure as winter comes, 
comes 
STIFFNESS 
SORENESS 
As sure as 
^ECONOMY: 
Ground Feed” is a valuable work 
that subject by the eminent Dr. 
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KELLY DUPLEX 
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l The mill that grinds all kinds of single or mixed 
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\ last, uuraDie, economical, requi 
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THE O.S. KELLY CO 
THE 
PUBLIC 
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The Silver Mfg. Co. 
SALEM, OHIO. 
THOMPSON’S 
ROOT"*~* 
CUTTER 
BANNER 
Outs all kinds of roots & 
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left in shape to prevent all dan- 
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* where, Catalog FREE. Address 
5 O. E. THOMPSON & SONS,| 
Sl7River Street, Y PS1 L A N Tl • MICH 
