THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
February 20 
126 
Live Stock Matters 
Beans for Stock Feed. 
T. M. 1)., Morrisburg, Ont .—Will you give me 
some idea of the value of beans as a component 
part of a ration for dairy cows in calf ? I have 
corn ensilage, straw, peas and oats, pressed feed 
from a starch factory, and bran. Will you com¬ 
pound a ration with ordinary field bean meal as 
a part ? If not for cows, to what animals can it 
be profitably fed, and in what quantities ? 
Ans. —Beans are rich in protein. The 
comparative fodder analysis of beans 
and corn meal and oats is as follows : 
Album;- 
Carbo- 
Nutritive 
noids. 
hyd. 
Fat. 
Ratio. 
Beans. 
..23.0 
50.2 
1.4 
1:2.3 
Corn meal. 
... 7.27 
63.40 
3.29 
1:9.8 
Oats . 
43.3 
4.7 
1 : 6.1 
Bean meal can be used with profit as a 
part of the ration providing the beans 
were mature before harvesting. If the 
beans were injured by frost and har¬ 
vested when immature, they are not 
only worthless, but the more you have 
of them the poorer you are. They can¬ 
not be fed with profit to anything. Meal 
made from well-matured beans is differ¬ 
ent and can be fed safely as a part of 
the grain ration. It can be fed in small 
quantities to cows in calf, and only in 
combination with some such grain as 
corn meal or oats. I would suggest a 
ration made up as follows from the 
materials you have on hand : 
Dry 
Pro- 
Carbo- 
Lbs. 
Matter. 
tein. 
hyd. 
20 corn ensilage.. 
.... 5.58 
.22 
3.64 
10 straw. 
.... 9.08 
.48 
4.52 
8 peas and oats. 
.... 6.98 
1.11 
4.26 
2 bean meal. 
.... 1.71 
.46 
1.04 
1 starch cake..., 
.90 
.04 
.27 
Total. 
Nutritive ratio. 
....24.25 
1:5.9. 
2.31 
13.72 
L. A. C. 
The Hay of a Ration. 
A., Petersham, Mass .—I am feeding each of my 
cows 35 pounds of ensilage (very good with con¬ 
siderable grain in it), two pounds of bran, one 
pound of cotton-seed meal, and 1*4 pound of corn- 
and-cob meal per day. Can I feed too much hay? 
I have corn fodder, oiits and peas, and hay for 
roughage. They eat much more than I haye 
ever seen estimated as a good ration, but farm¬ 
ers here say that they do not believe that I can 
feed too much so long as they eat it up clean. I 
wish to feed all I can profitably. Hay Is worth 
$14 in the barn. Shall I keep on feeding all they 
will eat of it, or sell the hay to pay the fertilizer 
bill? 
Ans. —From what you state that you 
are feeding your cows, I do not see that 
you are feeding any hay ; but, if I under¬ 
stand it correctly, you feed the amounts 
of the different materials mentioned at 
the beginning of your letter, and in addi¬ 
tion to that, feed the cows what hay 
they will consume. A cow giving milk 
requires 24 pounds of dry matter for 
every 1,000 pounds of live weight of ani¬ 
mal. The amount of dry matter con¬ 
tained in the ration given is as follows : 
Dry matter. 
Pounds. 
35 pounds ensilage. 9.76 
2 pounds bran. 1.76 
1 pound cotton-seed meal.91 
1*4 pound corn-and-cob meal... 1.27 
Total. 13.70 
You are, then, feeding without your 
hay, only 13.70 pounds of dry matter. 
To make up the required amount of dry 
matter would require, of ordinary mixed 
hay, over 12 pounds. With the addition 
of linseed meal to the grains mentioned, 
I have compounded two rations, either 
of which should give good results : 
Ration No. 1. 
Dry 
Pro- Carbo- 
Lbs. 
in atter. 
tein. hydrates. 
20 corn ensilage. 
.. 5.58 
.22 3.64 
5 corn stover. 
.. 2.99 
.1 1.74 
10 bay (mixed). 
.. 8.57 
.47 4.27 
l6 bran. 
.. 5.28 
.72 2.7 
1 cotton-seed meal_ 
.. .9 
.37 .43 
o2 linseed meal. 
.. 1.81 
.59 .97 
Totals. 
.. 24.63 
2.47 13.76 
Nutritive ratio, 1:5.6. 
Ration No. 2. 
Dry 
Pro- Carbo- 
Lbs. 
matter. 
tein. hydrates. 
20 corn ensilage. 
.. 5.58 
.22 3.64 
10 oat-and-pea bay. 
.. 8.99 
.73 4.34 
5 corn stover. 
.. 2.99 
.1 1.74 
4 bran . 
.. 3.52 
.48 1.81 
2 linseed meal. 
.. 1.81 
.59 .97 
2 corn-and-cob meal... 
.. 1.69 
.09 1.33 
Totals. 
.. 23.58 
2.21 13.83 
Nutritive ratio, 1:6.2. 
L. A. C. 
Sugar Beets and Beet Pulp for Cattle. 
W. B. W., Otis, New Mexico. —1. What is the 
value of beet pulp as a feed for dairy cattle ? 
Also for beef cattle ? 2. What kind of beet seed 
produces a small beet, rich in sugar but of small 
tonnage ? 3. What kind produces a large beet, 
not so rich in sugar content, but giving a greater 
tonnage ? The per cent of saccharine matter was 
very satisfactory.here last>season, reaching from 
14 to 18 percent; but the tonnage has been too 
small to be profitable to the farmers. 
Axs.—1. Sugar-beet pulp analyzes in 
digestible nutrients about as follows : 
Per cent. 
Albuminoids. 1.8 
Carbohydrates.24.6 
Fat. 0.2 
Nutritive ratio, 1:13.9. 
Corn ensilage analyzes as follows : 
Per cent. 
Albuminoids. 1.10 
Carbohydrates.10.99 
Fat. 0.53 
Nutritive ratio, 1:11.1. 
It will be seen from the above com¬ 
parison that sugar-beet pulp possesses a 
feeding value of some importance. It is 
rich in carbohydrates, and should be 
fed with some food rich in protein as 
clover or pea-vine hay, and the grain 
ration should contain a large per cent of 
bran in combination with some linseed 
or cotton-seed meal. 2. The best beet 
for the purpose mentioned is, without 
doubt, the Vilmorin or the Klein Wanz- 
leben. 3. The variety which has given 
the largest yield in Nebraska is the 
Desprez. Other large yielding varieties 
are Lemaire, Knoche Improved Klein 
Wanzleben. l. c. a. 
Fattening Veal Calves. 
E. L. S., North Truro, Me .—Can veal be fat¬ 
tened on Blatcliford’s calf meal exclusively after 
the calf is two weeks of age,? Does eating hay 
prevent the calf fattening? 
Ans. —I have at hand no analysis of 
the meal referred to ; I think, however, 
that it would be expensive fattening to 
depend entirely upon Blatchford’s meal. 
With the common feed stuffs as cheap as 
they now are, I would not recommend 
any patent food except for occasional 
use as a condiment. Eating hay in mod¬ 
erate quantities does not prevent the 
calf from fattening. l. a. c. 
Cream Separator ; Balanced Ration. 
II. E. M., Thornbury, Ont .—Would it pay me to 
get a cream separator to run a dairy of about 15 
or 20 cows? If I go into the business, I would 
have to send my butter to Toronto, about 100 
miles distant, and pay express charges and 10 
per cent commission for selling, and would also 
have to hire an extra hand on the farm. At pres¬ 
ent, I am running a mixed business and get along 
without much help. Creamery butter, at present, 
sells at 19 to 20 cents, but last summer got as low 
as 16 cents. What would a good separator of 
that capacity cost ? Would one horse operate it ? 
What is a balanced ration for a milking cow 
with ensilage and straw or chaff for fodder, and 
as much barley in the grain ration as would be 
profitable? I have oats, peas and buckwheat to 
mix with the barley. 
Ans. —It would, undoubtedly, pay to 
use a separator in a dairy of 15 to 20 
cows as compared with raising the 
cream by a gravity process. As to 
whether it would pay to change the 
ordinary farm practice to dairying on 
the scale mentioned, so many local con¬ 
ditions would enter into the question 
that it would be difficult to give an in¬ 
telligent opinion at this distance. A 
separator capable of handling the milk 
of 15 to 20 cows would cost from $75 to 
$125 and could be run by hand or by any 
small power. One-horse power would be 
ample. The ration might be made up 
as follows, though the nutritive ratio 
is rather wide: 
Lbs. 
40 ensilage.48 
5 straw.08 
5 barley.48 
4 peas.71 
2 cotton-seed meal.62 
Total......2.37 
Nutritive ratio 1:5.9. H. H. WING. 
Cotton-Seed Meal for Horses. 
E. L. S., Cape Cod, Mass .—Would a very small 
amount of cotton-seed meal be suitable for horses 
whose bowels are habitually too loose ? 
ANSWERED BY H. STEWAKT. 
Animals differ in their ability to use 
certain foods, especially those which be¬ 
long to the ruminants, as compared with 
others whose stomachs are small and 
single. A familiar example of this dif¬ 
ference is afforded by cotton-seed meal, 
Equivalent 
Protein. 
Carbobyd. 
. .48 
5.22 
. .08 
2.10 
. .48 
3.36 
. .71 
2.48 
. .62 
.78 
.2.37 
13.94 
which, when fed to cows in safe quanti¬ 
ties, is found to be highly nutritious and 
wholesome, but when given to pigs or 
horses in far less quantities than when 
fed to cows, almost invariably leads to 
serious trouble, and quite often to fatal 
results. Why is this thus ? This ques¬ 
tion is a sort of stumbling block to many 
who are not acquainted fully with the 
nature of this meal or, indeed, of the 
cotton plant, or its exact chemical com¬ 
position, or to some peculiar effects of 
highly nitrogenous substances on the 
digestive and nervous system of animals. 
In feeding, we are, however, to take note 
of all these peculiarities, and not fall 
into the mistake that two substances 
much alike in regard to their chemical 
composition, as far as it is studied in re¬ 
gard to the feeding qualities of them, 
should not behave precisely alike in their 
use as food on the condition of the ani¬ 
mals fed. 
Linseed meal differs very little in com¬ 
position in this respect from cotton-seed 
meal, and this from gluten meal, but it 
is a matter of experience that, while the 
other two feeds may be used safely with¬ 
out precaution, in the reasonable quan¬ 
tities consistent with economy, yet the 
cotton-seed meal fed in much less quan¬ 
tities, is a rank poison, producing such 
a disturbance of the nervous system as 
quickly kills pigs and produces serious 
disorders, if not death, in horses. There 
is a reason for all things, and there must 
be for this difference. First let us study 
these figures : 
Pro- 
Carbo- 
Composition of 
tein. 
hydrates. 
Fat. 
Cotton-seed meal . 
28.11 
11.08 
Linseed meal. 
40.5 
7.3 
Gluten meal. 
.33.5 
57.5 
6 . 
These show that the cotton-seed meal 
is largely more nitrogenous than the 
other feeds, and this seriously disturbs 
that healthful ratio which we term the 
nutritive ratio, which, in practice, we 
find to be most desirable for the due 
digestion of the food, and the healthful 
assimilation of it by the animals. Of 
course, the nature of the animal in re¬ 
gard to its digestive ability and its con¬ 
stitutional functions, has very much to 
(Continued on next page.) 
A 
nCRE OF CORN 
* ts Possibilities under the Silage 
</ Jffstem being the theme of 
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