THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 6 
164 
Live Stock Matters 
/HUNS ANIMALS. 
ANSWERS BY DR. F. L. KILBOKNK. 
Hog Cholera and Swine Plague. 
A. S., Westover , JUd.—l. Are bog cholera and 
swine plague two distinct diseases ? If so, what 
is the difference ? 2. What is a preventive, and 
what the best method to get rid of it after once in 
a herd ? From experience, it does not pay to 
doctor the sick ones. 3. How soon will it be safe 
to restock yards after losing the stock ? 
1. Hog cholera and swine plague are 
two distinct epizootic diseases of swine, 
each due to a specific micro-organism or 
virus. The hog cholera is essentially a 
bowel disease, characterized by inflam¬ 
mation, hemorrhage, ulceration and 
necrosis of the large intestine, especially 
of the upper portion known as the 
caecum. These lesions may also extend 
to the small intestine, stomach or other 
mucous membranes. Redness of the 
skin, particularly of the belly, inside of 
the thighs and ears is common. In acute 
outbreaks, there are, also, more or less 
inflammation, enlargement and com¬ 
monly hemorrhage in the spleen and the 
lymphatic glands generally, but more 
especially along the affected portions of 
the intestines. Swine plague is an 
infectious pneumonia or a pneumo¬ 
enteritis characterized by extensive 
pneumonia and pleurisy, commonly 
pericorditis and occasionally by peri¬ 
tonitis. Intestinal lesions, when pres¬ 
ent, are usually slight in simple swine 
plague. The two diseases are very fre¬ 
quently found associated together in the 
same outbreak. In such cases, the hog 
cholera is, usually, the primary disease, 
while the swine plague is present as a 
secondary infection. Owing to this fre¬ 
quent complication of the two diseases, 
and the various types of both diseases, 
it is often impossible for any one not an 
expert to make a positive diagnosis in a 
particular outbreak. If in an outbreak 
you find extensive ulceration and necro¬ 
sis of the mucous membrane of the large 
intestine, especially in the upper por¬ 
tion or ernebm, you can safely diagnose 
the case as hog cholera. On the other 
hand, if you find extensive pneumonia 
and pleurisy with little or no ulceration 
in the larger intestine, it is, undoubt¬ 
edly, swine plague. It is sometimes 
necessary to hold several autopsies be¬ 
fore a typical ease is found in which the 
lesions are characteristic. Much con¬ 
fusion has resulted during the past few 
years from the indiscriminate use of 
these two names; and especially from 
the fact that investigators have applied 
each name to both diseases. The two 
diseases were first fully described under 
these names in 1886, since which time 
most investigators and veterinarians of 
this country have adopted the same 
nomenclature. 
2. See page 73, of The R. N.-Y. for 
January 30, for the prevention of hog 
cholera. The directions there given 
will apply equally well for the preven¬ 
tion of swine plague ; with the addition 
that special precautions should be taken 
to prevent the animals taking cold, and 
to provide them with pure air, in order 
to keep the lungs sound and healthy. 
3. In the case of hog cholera, it would 
be safer to restock yards earlier than it 
would pens or buildings. A yard ia 
usually safe, i. e ., the virus will have all 
died out, in two or three months after 
the removal of the last pig. But under 
favorable circumstances, such as warm 
weather with suitable moisture, or 
under the protection of pens, the virus 
may live three months or longer. In 
general, I should say that not less than 
six months should be allowed to make 
it quite safe. If it be desirable to re¬ 
stock within that period, it would be 
better to use new pens and yards. The 
swine plague virus, unlike that of hog 
cholera, will live but a short time out¬ 
side of the animal body. For this dis¬ 
ease, it would be safe to restock within 
four to six weeks. Unless you were 
positive that there was no-cholera in the 
outbreak, it would always be a wise 
precaution to allow the longer period of 
quarantine. With both diseases, it must 
be borne in mind that it would never be 
safe to restock with fresh pigs so long as 
any of the old stock remained that had 
been exposed to the infection, or passed 
through the disease. Either virus may 
be, and is often, retained by exposed or 
recovered animals for months. 
Roup in Fowls. 
Cf.lt. C., Adairsville, Ga .—What ails my hens? 
They commence with, perhaps, one eye closing 
with a slight discharge. Some are affected in 
both eyes, some have sores on the head, the 
mouth seems to canker, and others commence to 
roll their heads over and over; neck seems 
crooked. Others lose the use of their legs. 
The trouble is due to the outbreak of 
roup. The disease is much more com¬ 
mon during winter than summer, so 
much so that it has been called the win¬ 
ter disease of fowls. While the disease 
is not believed to be contagious in the 
ordinary sense, i. e., due only to the 
introduction of a specific germ or virus, 
outbreaks frequently become contagious 
or epidemic in a flock. It is then usually 
quite difficult to eradicate the disease 
without resorting to radical measures. 
The causes or conditions favorable to 
the development of roup are exposure, 
dampness, drafts of air ; filthy, close or 
otherwise unhealthful houses, and a too 
exclusive grain diet, which predisposes 
the fowls to the disease. In addition to 
the symptoms you have given, there is, 
usually, hoarse breathing accompanied 
by a marked wheezing sound, discharge 
from the nostril, and a fetid, foul odor 
from the nasal discharges and breath. 
Treatment is usually not satisfactory, 
although a considerable proportion of 
the diseased fowls will recover under 
improved hygienic conditions and diet. 
Except in the case of valuable birds, 
those that are very sick are not worth 
the trouble and expense of treatment. 
They might better be killed at once and 
burned or deeply buried. All dead birds 
should, likewise, be burned or buried, 
and all cleanings from infected quarters 
burned or disinfected. One-half ounce 
of chlorate of potash dissolved in each 
quart of drinking water, can be given 
with advantage, both to the healthy 
and sick fowls. Isolation and disinfec¬ 
tion are the measures that have given 
the best results. When it is possible to 
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do so, the healthy birds should he re¬ 
moved to fresh, clean, dry, airy quarters. 
The infected house may be kept as a 
hospital for the diseased fowls, in which 
case it should be cleaned and disinfected, 
at least, once a week. One of the cheap¬ 
est as well as most effectual disinfect¬ 
ants is the concentrated commercial sul¬ 
phuric acid, one-half pint of the acid in 
8 to 10 quarts of water. The nests, 
roosts and sides of the house should be 
washed, also the floor when of wood. If 
the house is inclined to be damp so that 
washing would be undesirable, use dry 
air-slaked quicklime, dusting it well 
over everything. Dirt floors and yards 
can, also, be dusted with the lime. Fumi¬ 
gation with sulphur is an old method of 
disinfection still recommended by some ; 
but I do not consider it as effectual as 
the acid. 
Watch the healthy fowls and remove 
at first any that show the first symptoms 
of the disease, and disinfect thoroughly. 
When it is inconvenient to separate the 
fowls, or when only a few are kept, the 
diseased birds may be removed and kept 
by themselves or killed and the house 
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