1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
LIVE STOCK MATTERS. 
(CONTIS UBD.) 
especially, corn should be fed sparingly 
during the outbreak of the disease. Mr. 
Mapes reports excellent results, both as 
to prevention and treatment, by the use 
of a considerable proportion of meat food 
in the ration. If you have not already 
done so, you should read the excellent 
article by Mr. Mapes in The R. N.-Y. for 
January 18 and 25, 1896. Healthy fowls 
from without shall not be placed in 
quarters that have been infected, or even 
allowed to run with fowls that have 
been exposed to an outbreak, until, at 
least, two or three months after the dis¬ 
ease has entirely disappeared. Recovered 
cases, although apparently healthy, may 
harbor the infection for some time. 
Finally, the most important measure is 
prevention, which should be sought by 
avoiding, as far as possible, the condi¬ 
tions that form the development of roup. 
The fowls should be watched for the 
first symptoms of the disease, and sus¬ 
pected birds removed at once, and the 
house disinfected, before the outbreak 
has acquired sufficient virulence to be¬ 
come contagious. 
Symptom of Parturition, Clinical Thermometer 
and Normal Temperatures. 
li. B. K., Clifton Springs, N. Y.—l. Which is 
the latest and best poultry book ? 2. Which is 
the surest way of telling a day or two ahead, 
when a cow will drop her calf? 3. Isa clinical 
thermometer, such as physicians use on patients, 
good for the same purpose on animals? Where 
do you put it to get the correct temperature ? 
What are the different temperatures to denote 
disease ? 
1. Write to the Secretary of Agricul¬ 
ture, Washington, D. C., for Farmer’s 
Bulletin No. 41. Fowls : Care and Feed¬ 
ing. The Business Hen, paper, 40 cents, 
from The It. N.-Y. ; Turkeys and How to 
Grow Them, cloth, 81, are good. 
2. One of the most prominent signs is 
the relaxation of the ligaments of the 
pelvis, indicated by the depression or 
falling in on each side of the croup or 
roots of the tail ; also by the abdomen 
becoming more pendulent and the falling 
in of the flank. These symptoms are 
usually, indicated one to three days only 
before parturition. Another indication 
that the cow is about to calve is the fill¬ 
ing of the teats. The cow may have a 
full udder for several days, but the teats 
do not usually fill until within 24 hours 
or less before calving. 
3. The physician’s clinical thermom¬ 
eter is practically the same as the clini¬ 
cal thermometer used by veterinarians, 
the only difference being in the length. 
The ordinary physician’s thermometer, 
which is only 3% to 4 inches in length, 
will answer every purpose for the 
smaller animals, and is sometimes used 
for horses and cattle. The veterinary 
thermometer in common use is five 
inches in length, (rarely six inches) and 
made longer and stronger than the 
physician’s thermometer. It is less liable 
to be broken, and on the larger animals, 
is more accurate. With all the domestic 
animals, the temperature is taken by 
inserting about three-fourths the length 
of the thermometer in the anus, and al¬ 
lowing it to remain from to 3 minutes, 
depending upon the make and length of 
the thermometer. The smaller the bulb 
of mercury and the longer the ther¬ 
mometer, the less time required to reg¬ 
ister the temperature. The average 
normal temperature of the domestic 
animals, while at rest, is as follows : 
Horse, 99>£ to 100 degrees F. ; dog, 99 to 
100 ; cattle, 101 to 103 ; sheep and goat, 
102 to 103 ; swine, 103 to 104 ; fowls, 107 
to 110. This normal or healthy tempera¬ 
ture is subject to considerable variation 
from outside influences; exercise in¬ 
creases the temperature one to two de¬ 
grees. A high surrounding temperature, 
or when exposed to the heat of the sun 
during hot summer afternoons, may in¬ 
crease the temperature one to three de¬ 
grees. In the larger animals, the tem¬ 
perature is, usually, increased one-half 
to one degree while eating. Drinking 
cold water will temporarily lower the 
165 
temperature. Females in heat have an 
increased temperature of one to two de¬ 
grees. The temperature is higher in 
young than in the older animals. Preg¬ 
nant females nearing their parturition, 
usually have an increased temperature 
of one to two degrees. A rise of two 
degrees or more above the normal tem¬ 
perature, unless due to some outside in¬ 
fluence, indicates fever. 
The Capacity of a Cow's Stomach. 
S. B. 8., Chepachet, R. /.—Did not your press¬ 
man waste much ink when he said that a cow’s 
stomach held 250 quarts ? Just think of it! Equal 
to nearly two barrels or one hogshead, or a cube 
whose side is 24.37 inches, or a circle with a 
radius of 15)4 inches, or put in the form of a cone, 
it would be 61 inches in height, and with a base 
30 inches in diameter! Then if this stomach 
were to be filled with water, it would weigh over 
500 pounds'.I suppose that a cow has a large 
stomach, but not the size of this. You can, doubt¬ 
less, crack a joke on the type-setter, but I would 
honestly like to know the capacity of the cow’s 
stomach ? 
The capacity of the stomachs of the 
cow as given on page 62 of The R. N.-Y. 
for January 23, is correct, i. e., if the 
writer intended the 250 quarts as the 
capacity of the four compartments bcde 
shown in Fig. 32. At first thought, it 
would, indeed, seem almost incredible 
that the cow’s stomach could hold any 
such quantity; but careful measure¬ 
ments have shown such to be a fact. 
The compartment known as the paunch 
or rumen, the reserve reservoir, as be¬ 
fore stated, makes up nine-tenths of the 
capacity of the four compartments, and 
occupies three-fourths of all the abdom¬ 
inal cavity. The capacity of the four 
stomachs (more properly compartments 
of one stomach), in the adult animal 
varies from 200 to 275 quarts, or of the 
paunch alone, from 175 to 250 quarts, 
according to the size of the animal. As 
the result of careful measurements, Chau- 
veau states in his Comparative Anatomy 
of the Domesticated Animals, that the 
medium capacity of the stomachs “ is 
not less than 55 gallons”—220 quarts. 
The above measurements represent the 
capacity of the stomachs when simply 
filled with water without pressure. It 
is obtained by carefully removing and 
isolating the organ as shown in Fig. 32. 
Water is then introduced through the 
oesophagus a, and the solid contents of 
the stomachs washed out by manipula¬ 
tion. The work can be facilitated by 
first removing the large mass of partially 
masticated food from the paunch by 
hand. It then requires considerable 
manipulation of the compartment d, the 
omasum or many-plies, to wash out the 
contents from between the laminae. 
When the stomach has finally been 
washed out, the duodenum is tied at t 
and water poured in at a until the organ 
is full. By measuring the quantity of 
liquid poured in, you readily obtain the 
capacity. During health, the stomachs 
are rarely filled to anything like their 
(Continued on next page.) 
Several years ago my brother contracted a severe 
Cold, which resulted In Pneumonia. Being far re¬ 
moved from any physician, he purchased a bottle of 
Jayne’s Expectorant, and after taking a few doses 
began to improve and was encouraged to keep on 
with medicine until he had used two bottles, when 
he was completely cured. HE BELIEVES THE EX¬ 
PECTORANT WAS THE ONLY MEANS OB’ SAV¬ 
ING HIS LIFE.—J. N. FRENCH, Evangelist, Pales¬ 
tine, Texas, November 18.18‘J6. 
Regulate your bowels with Jayne’s Sanative Pills.— 
Ad v. 
DeLaval “Baby” 
CREAM SEPARA TORS. 
“ Georgia Experiment Station, 
Experiment, Ga., Jan. 8 , 1897. 
After several years’ experience in the use of 
a De Laval “Baby” No. 2 Separator at this 
Station, I am thoroughly well pleased with it. 
I consider such a machine indispensable to the 
creameryman or dairyman, and even to the 
owner of a few cows. If I had only four or five 
cows I would certainly use the separator. I do 
not see how a dairy-farmer with a larger number 
of milch cows can manage to get along without 
one. It increases the quantity of butter re¬ 
covered from the milk, improves the quality very 
much, enables the farmer to make the most 
profitable use of his skim-milk, and greatly sim¬ 
plifies the handling of the milk in all respects. 
R. J. Redding, Director.” 
Send for "Baby" Catalogue, No. 246. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO., 
Randolph and Canal Streets, 1 74 Cortlandt Street, 
CHICAGO. ! NEW YORK. 
Used and Endorsed 
by Adams Ex. Co. 
Guernseys. 
SIXTY HEIFERS FOR SALE. 
Highly bred, good individuals, perfect condi¬ 
tion. Very uniform lot. Come and see them. 
Cords, Curbs. Splints, 5 ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
TUTTLE’S ELIXIR 
Is a Sure Cure for 
Colic. Horse AH, Con¬ 
tracted or Knotted ' 
Shoe Boils, Callous 
of all kinds, etc., etc. 
EXCELS ALL OTHERS 
And is warranted to give satisfaction. Locates 
1 lameness, when applied, by remaining moist on 
part ailected. What others say : 
Dear Sir: I want to add my testimonial to 
your listrecommendingTuttle's Elixir for curbs, 
broken tendons, thrush, and nails in the feet. I 
have used it on all of these cases many times, 
and never failed to make a cure. 
J. H. Nay, lteadville (Mass.) Trotting Park. 
Tuttle's Family Elixir cures Rheumatism, 
Sprains, Bruises, Pains, etc. Sample bottle of 
either Elixir free for three 2-centstamps to pay 
postage. Fifty cents buys either Elixir of any 
druggist, or it will be sent on receipt of price. 
I)R. S. A. TUTTLE, Solo Proprietor, 
27 K Reverly Street, IJOSTON, MASS. 
SCOTT’S ARABIAN PASTE cures caked udder, 
garget etc. Mail, 50c. Scott’s U. P. Co . Rochester N Y 
Milk Fever and 
.Garget 
Banished from the herd ever since I used 
“Moore’s General Cow Drink ” 
Prof. W. F. Massey. 
CIRCULARS 
FREE. 
Moore Bros., al n a y y ’ 
SMOKE YOUR MEATJW/TH 
®M S 0 E r R J UQUIO EXTRACT of smoke 
k Cmri. • ar.F.K5?AU5ER&RRO.M1IJQN.PA 
For a knife that will cut a horn without I 
crushing, because it cuts from four 
■ - - si J kh nt once get 
^Vthe keystone 
—DEHORNER— 
It is humane, rapid and durable. Fully 
warranted. Highest award at World’s 
Fair. Descriptive circulars FREE. 
A. C. UKOSIUS, Cochranville, Pa. 9 
f 
KEEPERS 
SEND FOR sample oopy of 
CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURr 
and a 
.luable 
who men¬ 
tion. thi. paper. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina. O. 
LOTS OF EGGS 
when hens aro fed green 
cut bone, cut by the 
Improved ’96 
MANN’S 
CREEN BONE CUTTER 
the standard of tho world. 12 
sizes. $5 and up. O. O. D. or 
On Trial. Cat’l’g/re« if you 
namo this paper. 
F. «. MANN CO.. (Riltord. Hast. 
P OULTRY SUPPLIES of all kinds. Cut clover hay, 
bone, shpll. grit, animal meal, etc Large catalogue 
free. HARVEY SEED CO., 21 Ell. St.. Buffalo. N. Y. 
$5 
for 50 egg self regulating I nenbator; 100 egg In¬ 
vincible Hatcher is oniyiSiO. BuckeyeTIateher 
not one cent until satisfied. Send 4 cents for 
No. 23 cata. Buckeye Incubator Co., Springfield, Ohio. 
KHINKCLIFF. N. Y. 
OLENTANGY INCUBATOR. 
1 his machine will hatch every egg that can 
be hatched. It is the best. Absolutely 
self-regulating. Olentangy Brooders only 
$ 5 . Send stamp for catalogue. Address, 
GEO. S. SINGER, Cardington, O. 
SAUMENIG! 
HATCHERS are made on best 
lines and of best material known 
to incubator art. They cannot fail. 
HEATS WITH HOT WATER! 
Hatches every egg that can be 
hatched. Send 2 stamps for cata¬ 
log No. 26. INVINCIBLE HATCHER 
COMPANY. Springfield. Ohio. 
THE IMPROVED 
VICTOR Incubator I 
Hatches Chickens by Steam. Absolutely [ 
ftelf-regia luting. The simplest, most 
reliable, and cheapest first-class Hatcher [ 
, in the market. Circular* FREE. 
OEO. EUTKL CO.. QUINCY, ILL. 
H ATCH Chi ckensJjJ 
EXCELSIOR Incubator 
Simple, Per/cct, Self-Regulat¬ 
ing. Thousands in successful 
operation. I.owcat priced 
flrst-elus* llotcher made. 
GEO. II. STAHL, 
114 tolgS 8. 6th St, Qutney.nl. 
JERSEY CATTLE FOR SALE. 
First-class Dairy Stock. 
Registered CALVES, BULLS and COWS. 
907 Liberty 8 t., Pittsburgh. Pa. 
Farm,Edgeworth.P.F.W.&C.K.B 
R. F. SHANNON,] 
C HENANGO VALLEY STOCK FARMS, Greene, N. 
Y.—Dutch Belted and Jersev Cattle; Dorset and 
Ramboulllet Sheep; Poland-China Jersey Red and 
Suffolk Pigs; White and Bronze Turkevs. Peafowls 
and Blooded Chickens. J. D. VAN VALKENBURGH. 
Berkshires&P. Chinas 
choice blood; 50 young sows 
bred to farrow in March and 
' April. Positively hard times 
SRr&v' prices. Young Roars and Sows 
' not akin, all ages. 
HAMILTON & CO.. Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. 
8. W 
B erkshire, Chester White, 
Jersey Red & Poland China 
""si..”. a “^'PlG 8 . Jersey, Guernsey & Hol¬ 
stein Cattle. Thoroughbred 
Sheep, Fancy Poultry, Hunting 
and House Dogs. Catalogue. 
SMITH. Cochranville. Chester Co., Pa. 
Poland-China Swine 
ready for service, *10 to $50 Sows bred. Catalogue. 
F. H. GATES & SONS. Chlttenango, N. V. 
PIGS 
—Poland Chinas and Chester White Pigs. 
Reg. stock. Pigs all ages. Farmers’ 
prices. ALISON BAKER, 8 myrna, Pa. 
CnnC that will hatch, $2 per 13. P. Rocks, Wyan- 
LUUO dottes Minorcasand Pekin Bucks—business 
breeds of Amerl-a. Satisfaction or monev back. Best 
is cheapest. Brookside Poultry Farm. Columbus, N.J 
Frr*\ Cheap. Sixteen varieties. Catalogue. t'DU’P 
EjuViO o. G. Poultry Yds., Plattevllle, Wls. * IvC/Ci 
J. D. Souder.Telford. Pa. All var. Poultry, Pigeons. 
Eggs, $1 4* 15; $3 V 52. Fine col cat. 4c., cir. free. 
Book Free 2a var * et ' if8 p° u hry —buh 
prizes won. 
and other 
breeds. Eggs $1 per 13; $6 per 100; 1.000 
DAViS BROS., Box D , Washington, N. J. 
MORE MONEY 
and larger profits is in Poultry. Our 
1897 Guide of almost 100 pages, is the 
largest, finest and most complete 
MONEY MAKER out; we mail 
free a package of new Columbian Egg 
food with each Guide; only 15 cents. 
JOHN BAUSCHEE, Jr., Box 66 , Freeport, Ill. 
WORTH $10 IN GOLD. 
Our Poultry Annual and Book of Valu¬ 
able Rectyes tor ’97, finely printed in 
colors, giving cuts, descriptions and 
prices of 45 of the leading varieties of 
Fancy Fowls, with important hints on 
the care of poultry, and hundreds of 
recipes of great value. Over a 1000 prem¬ 
iums won at the leading shows. Prices 
Reduced One-fourth. The finest book 
out. Price only 10 c. Will return money 
if not satisfactory. Address, 
BOWERS, box 54 Dakota, III., U. S. A. 
C. N. 
BSfi MONEY IN POULTRY 
Pet Stock and Incubators if conducted 
for 4c to help pay postage, etc. Best eggs 
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ns, you can then sell your product to 
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-We own 300 acres most elegantly adapted to 
■poultry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY A 
PET STOCK FARM,Box 14 KENNEDY.N.Y 
feOBt 
POULTRY 
trated St fully described 
1 n my new Poultry Book. 
Reliable information for 
g onltrymen & Intending 
uyers. Good stock Ducks 
& Geese ; also Shetlund 
Ponies. Send 6 oin stamps 
H^OOS^o^SSuntlejjlll^ 
The Manila” Incubators & Brooders 
New Style for 1897. 
Leads them all for economy, finish, 
durability, and simplicity. Perfect¬ 
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particular, and sold with privilege 
of returning and money will be re¬ 
funded if not as represented. 
Send 5 cents for Catalogue. 
Mari I la Incubator and Brooder Co. 
MARILLA, N. Y. 
162 FIRST PREMIUMS 
The largest breeders in the world use 
PRAIRIE STATE MACHINES 
exclusively. Send for 168 page catalog. 
PEAIEIE STATE I1TCB. CO. Homer Cit7, Pi. 
LHLPEUUtbb 
HATCHER 
will uo 11 
rtVkllMlNf 
ILLUSIBAIIP 
CATALOOUL 
FREE' 
PURLF.S8 INCUBAI0R(C 
. 5151)1110 iff- Q 1 W 1 C.Y .|U- 
THYMO-CRESOL sBfSS 
eases; all parasitical troubles, Non-poisonous; Needs 
no preparation; Mixes instantly with cold water; sam¬ 
ple by mail 50 c. I-AWFORD BROS., Baltimore,Md. 
TICKS 
