March 13 
184 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Live Stock Matters 
AILING ANIMALS. 
ANSWERS BY DR. F. L . KILBOBNE. 
Horse Out of Condition. 
•J. If., Middletown, 0. —My horse, five years old, 
is out of condition. His legs swell nearly the 
size of his feet, and he also coughs occasionally. 
He stands on a ground floor. I feed ground corn 
and bran, and Timothy hay. He doesn’t work 
any, and I drive him only once in a while. He 
hasn’t much life. What shall I do to get him into 
condition ? 
If the ground is damp upon which the 
horse stands, remove him to a dry, light, 
airy stall. The horse should have some 
exercise daily. A large box-stall would 
give him the needed exercise. If you 
cannot arrange such a stall, turn him 
into a yard or field for, at least, a couple 
of hours every pleasant day. Replace 
the corn by oats, and feed equal parts 
by measure of ground oats and bran, 
or you can feed oats and bran alter¬ 
nately. Two or three times a week, 
give a steaming hot bran mash in a 
bucket placed in the feed box or manger 
and braced so that the horse cannot tip 
it over. Medicinally, give in his feed 
once daily, one tablespoonful—one-half 
ounce of the liquor arsenici et hydrargyri 
iodidi. At the end of one week, increase 
the dose to two tablespoonfuls and con¬ 
tinue for a week or 10 days. Then omit 
for a week, and repeat as before if 
desirable. 
Weaning Colts ; Corns; Castration. 
Hi W., Newport, 11. t. —1. What is the best age 
to wean a colt? 2. What is the best treatment 
for corns on a horse’s feet? 3 What are the 
chief causes for corns coming on horses’ feet? 
4. What is the best age for castrating either colt 
or young bull ? 
1. This will depend very largely upon 
circumstances. About four months is 
the usual age. For spring foals, this 
will give the colt an opportunity to have 
a run on pasture before winter, and 
there is no better food for colts after 
weaning than grass. Much more de¬ 
pends upon the care and feeding of the 
foal, both before and after weaning, 
than upon the age of weaning. Even 
before weaning, the colt should have 
become accustomed to a light grain 
ration. As soon as old enough to eat, 
begin feeding a little ground oats with 
oil meal or ground flaxseed. Wheat 
bran may, also, be added. After wean¬ 
ing, the grain ration should be increased 
to one to two quarts of oats, and one- 
half to one pint oil meal daily, depend¬ 
ing upon the size and condition of the 
colt. The object should be to keep the 
colt growing steadily during the fall 
and winter after weaning, and not 
allow it to become stunted. 
2. For the ordinary chronic corn with 
simple blood staining of the horn and 
tenderness of that heel, cut out the 
discolored horn as deeply as possible 
without injury to the soft tissues be¬ 
neath. Then lower the wall of the 
affected heel (usually the inside heel), at 
least one-eighth inch, so as to remove 
all pressure on the shoe, and apply a 
bar-shoe resting well upon the frog. If 
the horse is compelled to travel over 
hard or stony roads, a leather pad may 
be placed above the shoe to advantage, 
having first applied a hot tar dressing 
to the sole and then sufficient oakum to 
fill the space between the sole and pad. 
In other cases, it is better to omit the 
leather pad, and apply the hot tar dress¬ 
ings to the sole two or three times a 
week. The foot should be re-shod, at 
least every four weeks to prevent 
pressure on that heel. In broad or 
flat feet a shoe with a wide web 
should be used to cover the sole so as to 
prevent bruising of the sole where it is 
pared out. A run of one or two months 
on a soft, damp pasture after cutting 
out the corn will often effect a complete 
cure. For moist or suppurating corns, 
it is always best to employ a competent 
veterinary surgeon to cut out and treat 
the corn properly. 
3. Corns are almost invariably, if not 
always, due to bruises received, either 
directly or indirectly to the inside of 
the heel. Directly, as the result of 
bruises from stepping upon small stones 
or hard pointed bodies, or from a stone 
becoming lodged between the shoe and 
frog ; also, by the shoe remaining on too 
long until, by the growth of the hoof, 
the shoe has been carried forward until 
the heel rests upon the sole, or flakes of 
horn become imprisoned between the 
shoe and sole, causing undue pressure 
upon the sole. Indirectly, by the un¬ 
warranted paring of the sole so com¬ 
monly practiced by ignorant or incom¬ 
petent farriers, which renders it very 
susceptible to bruises ; and to the par¬ 
ing away of the frog and “ opening up of 
the heels ”, which causes contraction of 
the heels, one of the most prolific causes 
of corns. In fact, it may be safely stated 
that more than one-half of the corns in 
horses’ feet are due to the undue paring 
and rasping to which the foot is usually 
subjected. 
4. At present, I believe that most 
breeders castrate their colts in the spring 
when they are yearlings. Formerly, the 
usual custom was to castrate at 18 
months to two years old. A few breed¬ 
ers now castrate when colts, between 
one to three months. From three to 
nine months, the testicles are usually 
withdrawn into the inguinal ring, so 
that it is difficult to reach them. In 
general, the younger the animal the 
less the danger. But if the horse is in 
condition and the operation is properly 
performed, he can safely be castrated at 
any age. Some breeders are of the 
opinion that keeping the colt entire un¬ 
til two to three years old, increases the 
development of the neck and shoulders. 
If the colt is inclined to be vicious, the 
earlier he is castrated the better, while, 
if timid, he will, probably, have more 
courage if allowed to run until two to 
three years old. With the bull, it makes 
very little difference. He may be cas¬ 
trated at any age, so that it is largely a 
matter of convenience. If intended only 
for beef, castrate while a calf. The 
mild weather of spring or fall is the best 
season for castrating; extremes of either 
heat or cold weather are to be avoided. 
Colic in a Horse. 
C. W. FT., Ft. Valley, Oa .—What is a cure for 
colic in stock, sometimes caused by overeating 
and, possibly, by getting too much cold water, 
while warm ? 
Your query is too comprehensive to be 
fully answered. There are several forms 
of colic, and several classes of animals 
included under the general term of 
“ stock,” each of which will require 
special remedies and doses. I suppose, 
however, tha t you refer mainly to horses, 
for which I will give you one or two 
general prescriptions. For colic, due to 
overeating or to indigestion, give one 
ounce each sweet spirits niter and sul¬ 
phuric ether diluted with four to five 
parts of water, and follow with one 
ounce each of best aloes and ginger, to 
be given either in ball or by drench. 
The niter and ether may be repeated 
every two hours until relieved. For 
colic, due to drinking cold water to 
excess, give one ounce tincture Jamaica 
ginger in one pint of whisky. Follow 
in an hour by a dose of the niter and 
ether if necessary. Also walk the animal 
around until relieved. Hypodermic in¬ 
jections of morphia would be excellent, 
if you had the conveniences for giving it. 
Heifer’s Teats Grown Together. 
H. L. II., Lansing, Mich. —I have a valuable 
full-blood Jersey heifer, one year old. The two 
teats on the right side are grown together within 
one-fourth inch of the end, making one large, 
double teat. How can they be separated ? 
If the union between the two teats 
(Continued on neat gage). 
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