1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
209 
it be allowed to head out. This is not a satisfactory 
way of trying to seed down a piece of land, but since 
the pasture is demanded immediately, there appears 
to be no other way but to use some hardy, quick¬ 
growing plant, and then make an effort to replace 
the rye with grasses and clover later in the fall. If 
the sheep could be taken off of the field about the 
middle of September, it would be well to scarify the 
surface with a fine-tooth harrow and sow some more 
grass seed (Red-top and Orchard grass, one or both) if 
the pasture is to be permanent. Finally roll the 
land, and do not return the sheep to the field after 
the fall sowing of seeds. 2. Plant about one-half acre 
to Early Minnesota corn, and the other half to Stow- 
ell’s Evergreen. In your locality, these should be 
planted by May 1, if the soil is warm and rich. 
Cover the seeds very lightly in order to prevent their 
rotting. I. P. R- 
Fertilizers for a Garden. 
A. Q., Detroit, Mich.— I have just taken a garden of four acres. 
I cannot make arrangements for stable manure for this season. 
What chemical fertilizer will take the place of stable manure ? I 
want to grow onions from seed, peas, sweet corn, tomatoes, beets, 
carrots, etc. 
Ans.— We would use one of the standard brands of 
fertilizers designed for vegetables and containing, at 
least, four per cent of nitrogen, eight of phosphoric 
acid and seven of potash. Work the soil as fine as 
possible. Broadcast half the fertilizer and use the 
rest in hill or drill well worked into the soil. 
Fertilizer for Timothy Meadow. 
O. M. T., Hanover Neck, N. ,/.—What Is the cheapest fertilizer 
for newly-sown Timothy ? 
Ans.— If we owned a Timothy meadow and knew 
that the land was naturally strong, we would apply 
250 pounds per acre of nitrate of soda. If we thought 
it needed a complete fertilizer, we would use one of 
the standard grass-and-grain mixtures, or make a 
home mixture of one part muriate of potash, three 
parts fine ground bone, and one part nitrate of soda. 
Of this, we would use, at least, 400 pounds per acre. 
This is as simple a mixture as you can make. 
Wheat Smut, Coal Ashes. Manure. 
C.M., Chalfont, Pa.— 1. Would wheat cleanings such as comes 
from the smut machine in a grist mill, add any manurial value 
to hen manure ? 2. In the fine coal ashes from a mill boiler, are 
there enough fertilizing properties to pay for spreading them on 
the land ? 3. Will cow manure with the liquids absorbed with 
chaff and smut, make a good compost for corn without any addi¬ 
tional fertilizers ? 
Ans. —1. While the wheat cleanings (smut) would 
doubtless contain all of the fertilizer constituents, it 
would be a very dangerous substance to add to soils, 
because of the distribution of the smut germs. We 
should not recommend its use, therefore, preferring 
that all material of this character be burned. 2. 
There is little or no fertilizing value in coal ashes. 
Sometimes they are used to advantage on very loose 
soils or stiff and compact clay, for their mechanical 
effect. As a general thing, they are not worth 
using. 3. As before stated, we would not use the 
smut under any circumstances. You will obtain bet¬ 
ter returns from the cow manure by using with every 
ton of it 30 pounds of muriate of potash and 50 pounds 
of dissolved rock. 
Oats and Peas, Butternut Trees. 
F. W. If., Savannah, N. Y.—l. In sowing oats to mow for hay, 
would it be better to sow part peas? If so, how much of each to 
the acre ? What kind of peas are the best for this State ? 2. What 
kind of care do butternut trees require ? I have some, but they 
do not bear. Some say that they should not be plowed around. 
Ans.— 1. Yes, it is an advantage to sow the two to¬ 
gether. Sow about one bushel of Canada field peas 
per acre, about two inches deep, then about 1% bushel 
of oats per acre sown in the usual way. The peas 
must be sown deeper than the oats. 2. From what 
F. W. H. says, I would infer that his butternut trees 
are in a plowed field. If they are large trees and 
plenty old enough to bear, the cause is probably the 
insufficient pollination of the pistillate flowers. In 
such case, the planting of other trees of the same 
species (butternut), near them might prove effective. 
There must be plenty of pollen near enough to be 
wafted by the winds or carried by bees to those defi¬ 
cient in it, if they bear. Plowing about the trees 
does not injure them. If they are young, be patient. 
Buckwheat Bran, Hulls and Soot. 
J. F. N., Beaver Falls, Pa.— 1. Is it profitable for a dalrymau to 
buy old-process buckwheat brau (hulls and middlings together)? 
It contains 1,200 pounds middlings and 800 pounds hulls per ton, 
and the price Is $8 per ton; wheat bran is worth 112 per ton, and 
oil meal, $21. 2. What Is the value of buckwheat hulls per ton as 
a fertilizer ? 3. What is the value of coal soot per ton, such as 
accumulates in manufacturing gas from soft coal ? Has it any 
value as a fertilizer, and is it worth hauling five miles ? 
Ans.— 1 . We would take the buckwheat bran at $8 
in preference to the wheat bran at $13, if we were 
feeding ensilage or other laxative food. If on dry 
feed, we would mix one part wheat bran with two 
parts buckwheat bran. 2. Buckwheat hulls contain, 
in one ton, about 10 pounds of nitrogen, 11 of potash, 
and two pounds of phosphoric acid. They are worth 
less than stable manure, ton for ton. 3. A ton of 
ordinary soot will contain about eight pounds of ni¬ 
trogen, 12 of potash and 20 of phosphoric acid. At 
average prices paid for fertilizers, this would be 
worth $2.50. It would have a slight value beyond the 
actual plant food by darkening the color of light 
soils, but is hardly worth hauling five miles. 
Best Trees for Windbreaks. 
T. M., South Haven, Mich. —1. What variety of locust would be 
best to plaut for a windbreak along peach orchards? 2. Could 
you name any other variety of tree of quick growth, and cheap, 
which would be more suitable for that purpose? 
Ans — 1. The Honey locust is the best for hedges 
and windbreaks. 2. Not speaking from experience, 
but merely as a matter of opinion, we would choose 
for a deciduous windbreak, the hardy Catalpa. There 
are few trees of more rapid growth. 
A Grain and a Grass Crop. 
P. E. L., Jackson, Mich.— I have a six-acre field, high ground, 
loamy soil, cleared not long ago. It was in corn. I wish to sow 
to oats, and a small portion to barley and spring wheat, for 
chicken feed. Then I wish to seed to grass, for hay, for my horses. 
Shall I seed it to grass in spring, with the other grains, or wait 
until September, and seed to grass alone ? Would you advise me 
to sow Timothy, or a special grass mixture ? I wish to take only 
one or two hay crops, and follow with some other crop. 
Ans.— Our own plan would be to sow the grain 
alone this spring, and harvest in the usual manner. 
Then work up the soil thoroughly, and sow Timothy 
alone early in September. Last fall, we printed a full 
account of Mr. Geo. M. Clark’s method of growing 
hay. Read the articles again if you have them. 
Grass for Permanent Pasture. 
F. S. M., Strasburg, Pa.—What is the best grass seed to sow 
to procure a permanent pasture? I plowed the ground last 
fall. The soil is black loam on a hillside facing north along the 
banks of a large creek. 
Ans.— Harrow the land as early as possible. If the 
soil is inclined to be cloddy, use some such implement 
as the Acme harrow, and thoroughly prepare the seed 
bed. This is of special importance when preparing 
land for permanent pasture, and cannot be too weU 
done. If the soil has been made hard and compact 
by the winter rains, it may be necessary to loosen it 
with a gang plow or by means of a cultivator. After 
a fine seed bed has been made, sow per acre six quarts 
of Timothy, two quarts of Red clover, one quart of 
Alsike clover. In addition to the above, sow sepa¬ 
rately six quarts of Orchard grass seed and a like 
amount of Red-top. Cover the seed lightly with an 
implement similar to a Thomas smoothing harrow or 
some other form of spike-tooth harrow, or with a 
Breed’s weeder. If the soil be dry at the time of 
sowing, use the roller. L. A. c. 
lUMPtl 
The only Yellow 
Freestone PEACH 
Ripening with Amsden. 
Descriptive Catalogue FREE. 
DEACH TREES 
75 Varieties in Stock. Largest 
JOS 
75 Varieties in Stock. Largest 
stock of Peach Trees in the coun¬ 
try. PRICES are all right for the times. 
If you have never received our three-colored 
plates, send 10c. for three-colored plates of New Fruits and one Triumph Peach. 
BLACK. SON &, CO., Village Nurseries, HIGHTSTOWN, N.J. 
GENERALLY 
BRING GOOD 
RESULTS 
GETTING 
STARTED 
RIGHT 
And all Nursery Stock, dug, shipped, and, perhaps, planted the same day. Those are 
favorableconditlonstostartwith.Theri.sk of loss is slight, in fact if you do your work 
well, the risk is entirely removed. Our stock is first-class. Prices low. Special discount for early 
orders. Our Fruit Catalogue mailed free. Write for it. T. J. DWYER, CORNWALL, N. Y. 
“BUSINESS CHERRIES” 
That's what, you want for profit and for quick, 
returns. Why plant novelties and doubtful 
sorts, when you can get " Business" varieties 
like LARGE MONTMORENCY. ENGLISH 1 
MORELLO. EARLY RICHMOND. WINDSOR, BLACK TARTARIAN, and Other 
leading varieties, largest and finest two-year old trees, 5 to 7 feet and 7 to 8 feet, 
at $9 and $10 per 100? Also as a special offer on sour varieties: Medium size, in 50 or 
100 lots, at $7.50 per 100; second size, at $6 per 100 (customers please change price 
page 9). Bargains in Cherries and Dwarf Pears, $4.50 and $5 per 100; Plums and 
Standard Pears, $6 to $7 per 100. Oher prices in proportion. All fresli-dim. 
Better stock never grew Don’t be talked into paying higher prices. Rogers'Bar-__ 
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ROGERS TREES 
n AllE 
BUSINESS TREES 
CAMPBELLS EARLY 
Our Marvelous New 
CRAPE 
Best and most valuable. Highestcommendation from highest authorities. Hardy, healthy, vigorous, 
very productive. Early or late. Largest clusters, finest quality, not foxy. Seeds need not be 
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Grape Vines In the World. Small Fruits. Introducer of unrivalled Red Jacket Gooseberry and Fay 
Currant. Catalogue free. GEO. 8. JOSSELYN, Fredonia, New York. 
MNK 
TREES 
Well Bred are Constitutionally Strong. Such fruit trees 
we grow by carefully guarded parentage. Men of good judg¬ 
ment buy stock of this character in preference to “ job lots ” and “ bar¬ 
gain lots.” An old customer writes: “I once tried the job stock, because 
cheap; I found It dear. I now let the other fellow buy it.” We covenant 
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WILEY & CO.. Cayuga Nurseries Cayuga, N Y. 
TREES 
At ROCK BOTTOM prices. Have you seen our NEW 
Catalogue ? No ? Then write us at once. IT’S FREE. 
In the 28 years we have grown Nursery Stock, we have 
never offered such GOOD TREES, at such LOW 
PRICES. We KNOW our stock is RELIABLE, for WE 
GROW it ourselves. 
A MT\ r>T A TVTTO 5 Established 1869. 150 acre*. Address 
AND PLANTS £ The Geo. A. Sweet Nursery Co., P 0 °i7, Dansville, N. Y. 
come from the best trees. 
The best trees are grown 
in the far North. The 
very best trees come 
from our great Minne¬ 
sota Nurseries—abso¬ 
lutely the best and hard¬ 
iest that money will buy. 
We sell millions of 
trees and plants every 
year. This season we 
want to sell more than 
ever. Nobody at any price can sell you 
as good trees as we can at a low price. 
The thing to remember is that our trees 
and plants grow. And they bear fruit. 
All we ask is your name and address, 
so we can send you a great deal of valu¬ 
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live, and we will tell you about our trees. 
THE JEWELL NURSERY CO., 
Box 15. LAKE CITY, MINN. 
Trees True io Name. 
Jacob Denney, of Washington County, Indiana, 
writes: “I have bought from several nurseries, 
and I never got any true to name. I saw Geo. 
Peugh’s orchard last fail, and found them alt 
right,. He said he got his trees from you.” 
“BUSINESS BUYERS” want trees true to name 
above anything else. They want them of varieties 
adapted to their soil and markets; healthy, well- 
grown, and at “ hard times prices.” We grow 
the fruits as well as the trees, and can tell you 
what it will pay to plant. If you send your order 
to-day, you’ll get p; lees that will astonish you. 
CHAS WRIGHT, Seaford, Del. 
SPear Trees 8c 
Grape Vine* each and up, us to size and 
number taken. Full line of Keneral Nursery Stock. 
Best ref’n's. furnished. I.K!VIS ItOKSCII, Kredonlo, N. Y. 
1,000 Peach Trees 
One year from 
bud, 2 to 3 feet - 
mostly branched, with freight prepaid to any station 
east of Mississippi River for $20; or 500 for $11.50. 
Sample prepaid, 25c. Other sized trees prooortional 
priees. R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 4, Stockley, Del. 
Peach Trees, $2 l'oo 
All kinds of Trees and Plants, cheap List Free. 
Reliance Nursery Co.. Box 10, Geneva, N. Y. 
Nut Rook 
200 pages. Illustrated, telling 
how to Graft, Grow. Market 
and Cook Them. Postpaid 
for $1, by JOHN R. PARRY. Parry. N. J. 
TREES 
mentioning this paper. 
GREATEST OPPORTUNITY OF A LIFETIME. 
During the month of March we have decided to give away 50 <K)0 
Trees, Shrubs and Vines, and for every one ordered at our low 
catalogue price, wo will give one free, exactly as good to those 
Small or large orders all doubled. Stock guaranteed good, Catalogues free. 
THE ELIZABETH NURSERY CO., Elizabeth, N. J. 
Free 
Fruit Growers’Neeft 
BB9K1 is our special study—supplying them, our sole business. Have you need of 
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Send for complete Illustrated catalogue and learn how you may save 50 per cent. 
Fruit crates and baskets. REID’S NURSERIES, BRIDGEPORT, OHIO. 
BLACKBERRY! 
