1897 
211 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
RURALISMS— Continued. 
Prof. E. S. Goff of the University of 
Wisconsin (Madison), has this to say : 
r In the spring of 1890, I planted 100 young plants 
frooted layers), of the Paradise apple. The fol¬ 
lowing spring, I top-worked several of them with 
different varieties of the common apple. In the 
spring of 1892, the trees were all transplanted, 
and were replanted in nursery rows, where they 
have since remained. The trees grafted on the 
Paradise stocks are now from four to six feet 
high. A few of them bloomed In the spring of 
1895, and during the past season, several of them 
bore a nice crop of very tine apples. I cannot 
say how many apple3 they are capable of bear¬ 
ing to the tree, as my trees are planted too 
closely for the best results; neither can I give 
counsel from my own experience as to the best 
manner of pruning apples grafted on the Para¬ 
dise stock. The trees seem to be entirely hardy 
here, and the stocks seem to be entirely hardy. I 
have several trees of the Paradise apple that I 
have not grafted, and they have shown no indi¬ 
cations of winterkilling. It seems to me that 
apples on the Paradise stock might be profitably 
planted between the rows of standard trees in 
the orchard, to be removed when the standards 
require all the room. I have been much pleased 
with the result of my little experiment, and ex¬ 
pect to plant more extensively of them. 
Pres. T. T. Lyon of South Haven, 
Mich., writes as follows : 
1. Apples on Paradise stocks must be planted 
with the point of union at the surface , certainly 
not below, if we would avoid rooting from the 
scion. All sprouts from the stock must be per¬ 
sistently kept off. Nothing short of a very rich 
soil, clean, high cultivation, and the best care, 
generally, will suffice to render them at all satis¬ 
factory, and then chiefly as playthings or the 
means of rapidly testing varieties. 2. From the 
third to the fourth year after grafting. 3. From 
five or six, to eight or ten feet; dependent, 
largely, upon the natural habit of the variety. 4. 
This will depend largely upon environments; 
they are not likely to be long lived. 5. They 
should be branched as low as possible. The 
methods should be those usually .applied to stand¬ 
ards, and dependent largely upon the natural 
habit of the variety. (5. This would depend upon 
the age and size of the trees, also upon the size 
of the fruits. From half a dozen to a dozen large 
specimens, or their equivalent of smaller ones, 
should be a satisfactory yield per year in aver¬ 
age cases. 7. With intensive cultivation, this 
might be rendered interesting, but, to my appre¬ 
hension, there would be scarcely a chance for 
profit in a commercial sense. 
S. D. Willard, of Geneva, N. Y., replies: 
It is difficult for me to give the desired informa¬ 
tion regarding the utility of apples upon Para¬ 
dise stock, as I have had but slight experience 
with them; but I have been of the opinion that 
they were of no practical value to the orchard 
man. A quarter of a century since, they were 
generally grown by nurserymen (that is, dwarf 
apples on this stock), but now, they can scarcely 
be found anywhere, and it is quite safe to assume 
that they are not wanted, as there is practically 
no inquiry for them. 
Secretary L. A. Goodman, of the Mis¬ 
souri Horticultural Society (Westport) 
replies : 
Our experience in the West has been very lim¬ 
ited because, in nearly every instance, the dwarf 
apple Is not a success here. Apples grow rapidly 
here for the first three or four years, and begin to 
bear often a few apples in three years, quite a 
number in four years, and a nice little crop in 
five years. Besides, we have some varieties that 
bear young, so that we have found very little 
profitable use for the dwarf. Still, as an ama¬ 
teur tree, it is worth growing, and when thus 
grown, makes a very beautiful dwarf tree. Care 
must be taken not to plant them below the union, 
or they will rootand become standards. I always 
prune them like the peach, taking off one-third of 
the last year’s growth each year, thus keeping 
them down low. Only for amateur planting 
would I recommend them. I have not found them 
valuable, even for family use. We have such 
varieties as Benoni, Maiden's Blush, Lowell, 
Jonathan, Missouri Pippin that bear very young 
and abundantly, hence plant them only as ama¬ 
teurs. 
The best information we have regard¬ 
ing the dwarf apple as worked upon the 
Paradise stock comes to us in Bulletin 
No. 116, issued last spring by the Cornell 
Experiment Station, written and com¬ 
piled by the late E. G. Lodeman, under 
the direction of Prof. L. H. Bailey. The 
word Paradise, as applied to the apple, 
means little more than a dwarf tree 
growing, perhaps, on an average, four 
feet in height, and dwarfing the varie¬ 
ties worked upon it so that they grow 
scarcely above six feet. The varieties 
recommended by Ellwanger & Barry of 
Rochester, N. Y., who, probably, have 
had more experience with the Paradise 
stock than any other American firm, in¬ 
clude the following as thriving best 
upon it : Wagener, Twenty-Ounce, Nor¬ 
thern Spy, King of Tompkins County, 
Mother, Red Beitigheimer, Maiden’s 
Blush, Porter, Red Astrachan, Primate, 
Alexander, Beauty of Kent, William’s 
Favorite, Fall Pippin and Oldenburg, 
Mr. Lodeman’s investigations seem to 
show that dwarf apple trees have been 
so little and so carelessly grown, that 
no definite evidence of their value can 
be obtained. All who have had experi¬ 
ence with them agree that they are 
unprofitable for commercial purposes, 
though admitting that the trees may be 
satisfactory as single specimens or as 
ornaments in the garden. It seems to 
be a well-founded opinion that most 
varieties grown upon the Paradise stock 
are handsomer and of better quality, 
than those grown as standards. Dwarf 
trees can be easily sprayed and tended, 
and the fruit readily thinned. They 
may be planted as close as eight feet 
apart each way, although a greater dis¬ 
tance is, probably, preferable. Mr. 
Lodeman concludes that the mature 
dwarf tree which has been well grown, 
may average two or three pecks of 
apples each year. 
It was the opinion of the late P. Barry 
that the apple worked on the Paradise 
makes a beautiful dwarf bush. He 
knew of nothing more interesting in 
the fruit garden than a row or a little 
square of these miniature apple trees, 
either in blossom or in fruit. He has 
written that they begin to bear the third 
year from the bud, and the apples are 
always larger and finer when grown on 
the Paradise stock. The late John J. 
Thomas — surely there is no better 
authority—has said that, for summer 
and autumn sorts, dwarf apples are 
valuable in affording a supply to famil¬ 
ies. According to him, they begin to 
bear in two or three years, and at five 
or six years of age, if well cultivated, 
will yield a bushel or so to each tree. 
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