1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
479 
LIVE STOCK MATTERS. 
(CONTINUED.) 
two weeks and hatch well, but I prefer 
them only one week, in fact the second 
day is best, if one can have them that 
way. J. H. SEELY. 
Illinois. 
Never Keep Eggs at All. 
I prefer that the heat should not go 
below 80 and 85 degrees after once 
started, although I think it can go much 
lower, for a short time at least, without 
any injury. There is more danger from 
too much heat than too little. The very 
best way to keep eggs for hatching is 
not to keep them at all more than a few 
days, although I have frequently kept 
them two or three weeks with good re¬ 
sults, although, of course, fresh eggs 
will do better every time. I like a dry, 
well-ventilated room (though with no 
draughts of air through it), with tem¬ 
perature about 50 degrees. I do not 
approve of turning eggs every day as 
some recommend; I do not turn them at 
all unless kept two weeks or longer, and 
then not oftener than once a week, as I 
think the less they are moved the better. 
New Jersey. j. e. Stevenson. 
Not Over 112 Degrees. 
1. In any place fit to put a machine, 
the temperature would not get low 
enough to spoil the hatch. It would be 
delayed from a few hours to two or three 
days, according to the variation and how 
often the neglect occurred. It would 
kill some of the weaker chicks that 
would otherwise have hatched. 2. I 
should not want my eggs subjected to 
over 112 degrees, and not long at that 
degree. An hour at that, after the first 
week, I should expect to lessen the 
hatch and weaken those which did hatch. 
3. Yes, very much. 4. On slatted shelves, 
and turn them twice a day. 5. 45 to 60 
degrees. 6. Moist, but not wet enough 
for mold to gather on floor or walls. 7. 
I have kept them three weeks. If possi¬ 
ble, I would set the eggs the same day 
they were laid. b. holmes. 
New York. 
May Go to 60 Degrees Once. 
1. The temperature may go down to 60 
degrees for once without serious results, 
but it will not do to repeat it too often. 
2. Temperature may go as high as 110 
degrees toward the last of the hatch, if 
not kept there too long. 3. I think a 
high temperature is more dangerous 
than a low one. 4 and 5. Keep eggs in 
a cool place at a temperature of about 
50 degrees, small end down. 6. I think 
a basement the best place. 7. 1 should 
wish to start them within three days, 
but in a cool temperature, they can be 
kept safely for three weeks. We have 
kept them six weeks (for an experi¬ 
ment), and hatched about 50 per cent. 
Massachusetts. j. kankin. 
High Temperature Worse than Low. 
I have ruined as many, if not more, 
eggs in incubators than most people 
(considerably over 100,000), but I am 
ashamed to say that I know very little 
about artificial incubation yet, and my 
reply to the questions is all guess work. 
I onee left a tray of eggs out all night 
(third week), and still the eggs hatched 
well. I would rather not see the ther¬ 
mometer ever go above 103 degrees until 
they pip. A high temperature is much 
more injurious than a low one. I keep 
eggs in a cellar which is cool and damp, 
and turn twice a week if I have to keep 
them any time. I prefer to set twice a 
week, but have held them four weeks. 
Old eggs need more moisture, as the egg 
cell is larger. If possible, eggs of the 
same age should be set in each machine. 
Pennsylvania. wm h. truslow. 
Castrating Old Boars.— Several times 
we have castrated boars weighing from 
500 to 750 pounds with no more trouble 
than with pigs. We make a slip noose, 
place in the mouth around upper jaw, 
and draw to some post, so as to hold him 
close. We have not found it necessary 
to hold them in any other way. We take 
no further precautions against fever or 
death unless it is done in warm weather, 
when we use carbolic acid or anything 
of that nature. f. h. gates a- sons. 
DRYNURSES FOR CALVES. 
Value of Milk Substitutes. 
I have had some experience in raising 
calves, and have tried several milk sub¬ 
stitutes. Wheat bran and oil meal (old 
process) equal weight, steeped or scalded 
together and fed in skim-milk, is a good 
feed. Eggs are a good substitute, but 
afford no saving over whole milk. I 
prefer the calf to live the natural way 
the first three days ; then I buy it, let 
it miss a feed, when it readily learns 
to drink whole milk by sucking the 
finger. In two or three days, I am feed¬ 
ing it skim-milk in which an egg has 
been stirred. In three or four days 
more, the oil meal and bran gruel take 
the place of egg. This is fed until the 
calf learns to eat grass, oats, dry bran 
and corn meal (equal bulk) shelled corn 
and sheaf oats. Once started right, 
there is little trouble, except that an 
overfeed of rich stuff brings on the 
scours. In this case, do not feed so 
heavily ; but sour milk will scour a calf 
also, and he is likely to get pot-bellied 
and, perhaps, die. I have raised some 
fine calves on good pasture and a gal¬ 
lon of clabber per day, in which a hand¬ 
ful of oil meal was stirred. This should 
be fed in two feeds. I have raised good 
calves without any milk at all after the 
calf was 10 days old. I use Blatchford’s 
Royal calf meal, and begin feeding it at 
three days old, giving a tablespoonful 
at first in whole milk (warm) and in¬ 
creasing the substitute and using water 
instead of milk until, in a week, the 
milk is given to the next orphan, and 
the growing and fattening go on apace. 
New Market, la. g. w. c. 
Some Extended Experiments. 
I have been experimenting for about 
two years on milk substitutes for young 
calves. My object was to purchase the 
young calves in localities where milk 
was valuable and calves cheap, and 
transport them to the range portions of 
South Dakota, where young cattle were 
scarce and in great demand. I have 
transported three car-loads long dis¬ 
tances with pretty good success, and 
light losses. The first load of 108 calves, 
had a three-days’ run, and three calves 
were lost; second load of 91 calves, three 
days’ run, and two lost ; third load of 69 
calves, four days’ run, and one lost. My 
experiments have all been directed to 
carrying the young calves through to a 
feeding point. I have found no complete 
milk substitutes. I raised one calf on 
one-fifth skim-milk and four-fifths sub¬ 
stitutes. For car-load lots, I use one- 
third and one-half separator milk, the 
rest substitutes. I have no information 
that would be strictly reliable on mak¬ 
ing good veals on milk substitutes. I am 
just entering that field of experiments. 
It ought to be stated here, that I have 
met with some severe and expensive 
obstacles that were wholly unseen and 
unthought of. Last year, I bought the 
condemned calves out of the Chicago 
stockyards. The Government officers 
condemned them because they looked 
too young for veal. They were killed, 
skinned and made into a fertilizer. I 
got permission of the Government offi¬ 
cers to try experiments on two car-loads 
of them. They began to die, and not 
one could be cured or saved. With the 
aid of our State veterinarian, it was 
found that nearly 75 per cent had been 
born with inherited lung tuberculosis. 
All those with affected lungs died, and 
all that had sound lungs lived, and went 
to grass in good condition this spring. 
In this way, many of my experiments 
were hampered and retarded. 
South Dakota. j. m king. 
A Little Whole Milk. 
I have raised several calves with “ calf 
meal,” almost entirely without any milk 
and very successfully, too. I raised 
them for my own dairy purposes, and in 
this way : Take the calf away from the 
cow when about a week old, and use 
about a quart of milk twice a day in 
connection with the calf meal, for about 
two weeks. I generally mix a small 
quantity of the meal with lukewarm 
water and add the milk as above stated, 
and teach the calf to suck the finger, 
until it learns to drink. After a few 
weeks’ feeding, I drop the milk and mix 
the froth from the milk at milking time 
that is left in the strainer, with the calf 
meal, and that forms the feed on which 
I have raised about 10 or 12 calves very 
successfully, for dairy purposes. I never 
had skim-milk to give calves I was rais 
ing. I keep now 10 cows, some of which 
are nearly purebred Holsteins, Jerseys 
and grade Short-horns. It is now my 
intention to cross a Jersey bull on the 
large Holstein cows, and I hope to have 
a heifer calf to raise in the course of a 
few months of that cross; if so, I shall 
use the calf meal as above stated. 
Camden, N. J. f. c. l. 
Hoard’s Dairyman gives the following 
method of raising the little calf : 
Our way of feeding calves is this: Feed the 
mother’s milk warm and new till the calf is about 
eight days old. Feed from six to eight quarts a 
day, according to size of calf, in three feeds. 
Then put in a little skim-milk with the whole 
milk, increasing the skim-milk gradually, till, by 
the time the calf is three weeks old, its milk is all 
skimmed, but never sour. In changing from 
whole milk to skim-milk, it will not do to increase 
the quantity. Many think that they must give 
more of the skim-milk so as to make up for 
the loss of butter fat. This is a great mistake. 
We cannot make up for loss of fat by feeding 
more casein. Skim-milk should always be fed 
warm, especially while the calf is young. After 
getting on to skim-milk, it is well to mix a little 
flax-seed jelly with it. Begin with a teaspoonful 
at a feed and gradually increase. Scalded or 
cooked oil meal fed in the same way will do very 
well. After the calf is two or three weeks old, it 
will begin to eat a little hay. Some should 
always be kept before it. We also feed some 
whole oats after the calf is old enough to eat 
them. Clover hay, skim-milk, oil-meal and oats 
fed to a calf till it is six months old will make it 
grow and develop into a good dairy animal, if it 
is well-bred. 
The Horn Fly. —A remedy in common 
use here for the small imported horn 
fly that so pesters cattle, is common 
kerosene oil sprayed upon the flies as they 
congregate upon the cattle. This oil 
will kill every one that it touches. When¬ 
ever the flies become troublesome to our 
milch cows, we spray them, night and 
morning, a few minutes before milking 
If done in a well-ventilated stable, the 
scent of the oil is soon gone and will not 
injure the milk. The sprayer in most 
common use is the Woodason bellows 
sprayer, but anything that will throw 
the oil in a strong, fine spray where de¬ 
sired, will answer. It needs but a very 
little to a cow, and will do them no in¬ 
jury. F. A. P. 
Massachusetts. 
Guernseys. 
‘i'ZSi purebred Guernseys of the best American and 
Island breeding. Butter average, whole herd, IU8 
pounds per head. No catalogue. Come and make 
your own selection, 
EliliBRSIilB STOCK FARM, 
KHINECLIFF, N. Y. 
JERSEY CATTLE FOR SALE. 
First-class Dairy Stock. 
Registered CALVES, BULLS and COWS. 
R F SHANNON •! 907 Liberty 8t., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
II. I. wnnnnun, ) s'arm.Edgeworth.P.F.W.&C.R.R 
21 Times StoKePogis; 5 Times Ida’s Rioter. 
St. Lambert Jerseys by Comely's Matilda Rioter: 
also comoination by Brown Bessie's Prince. Write 
for what you want. S. E. NIV1N, Landenberg, Pa. 
L 
It is UNLAWFUL to color 
AWFUL to use bulls of 
oleomargarine, but it Is 
Willswood Herd 
Guernsey Cattle. 
A choice bull calf, yearling heifer, and a few cows. 
WILLS A. SEWARD, Budd’s Lake, N. J. 
75 (had of Registered Chester Whites 
now ready for shipping, from 
two to eight months old, 
sired by my prize boars, 
Chester 2nd R017, Eureka 
King 6961, George R., 7369, 
and out of choice reg. sows 
Order soon and get the best. 
Send 2-cent stamp for catalogue and prices. Come 
see my stock and select for yourself. EDWARD 
WALTER. Eureka Stock Farm, West Chester, Pa. 
P OLAND-CHINA PIGS.-Another litter of 10 
Poland-China Pigs from a 400-lb. Yearling Sow at 
$7. Just the kind to Improve your herd. Orders 
booked. F. H. Gates & Sons. Chittenango, N. Y. 
O UR entire stock of Barred, Bull & White P. Rocks 
and 2C0 Selected Pekin Ducks: must be sold Prices 
cut in two. Ground inpat, $2 per 100 lbs. Stamp for 
catalogue. Brookside Poultry Farm. Columbus. N. J 
SITTING HENS 
Will alt. eggs will hatch, chicks will grow, 
where LAMBERT'S DEATH to I,ICE is 
used. Safe, yet sure. Trial size, 10c post 
paid: 100 ozs. by Ex., 11. Book fhkk 
D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307, Apponaug, R.I 
?8u FEED tor PROFIT? 
"5’FLIES «38» MILK,S, 
No Fixes, Ticks, Vermin, or Sores on Cotes, 
if 1 cent is spent in “ “ — —- 
Send 25 cents to 
Mfg. Co., 1U05 Fair- 
mount Ave., Phi la., _ 
Pa. They willretnm 1 pint, and guarantee to refund 
money if cow ih not protected. ME1UT brought more 
duplicate 10 and 30 gallon orders in 1896 th 
1 rial gal., $1 15: lasts3cows a season 
» r or «»•/*, ur owrw UU %JOX09* 
SHOO-FLY 
an ever 
Agents wanted 
healed, toughened and cured 
while at work by . . 
MOORE BROS.’ 
50c. and $ 1 by 
mail, postpaid. 
Moore Bros. j _ 
Albany, N.Y. POWQCr 
Gall 
'GUREs 
WHILE HORSE WORKS 
THE BEST HORSE 
being a willing worker is most 
likely to suffer from sore back 
, or shoulders. BICKMORE’8 
GALL CURE will cure him 
of saddle sores or collar or 
harness gall while he works 
Guaranteed to do it. Equal¬ 
ly good for sores in man. Ask 
your dealer for it. Sample 
©e Sure And WorkThe Horse wTifbe miffed you for fo cents. 
Bickmore Gall Cure Co Bos 709 Old Town, Me. 
The most serious symptoms of Lung and Throat 
affections can be relieved, and in the great majority 
of cases, the disease can be cured with Dr. D. Jayne’s 
Expectorant. 
The Family Plll-Jayne’s Sanative.— Adv. 
Horse Owners! Use 
GOMBAULT’S 
Caustic 
Balsam 
' A Safe Speedy and Positive Cura 
The Safest, Beat BLISTER ever used. Takes 
the place or all liniments for mild or severe action 
Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horses 
Li of If A SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 
DR FIRING- Impossible to produce scar or blemish. 
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price $1.50 per bottle. Sold by druggists, or 
lent by express, charges paid, with full directions 
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars. 
THE LAWRENCB-W1LLIAMS CO.. Cleveland 
x lau iv ^3, TV UOUUUUCKS, UOpneTS, and liTi 
Insects. 
“ Fuma ” Carbon Bi-Sulphide Did I 
“I treated 500 Inhabited (prairie dog) holes two wei 
ago, and not a hole opened up.”— Richakh Kksui 
S end for free illustrated pamphlet. It Is beautli 
interesting, readable, and will save you money. 
JSDWAkD K. TAYLOR, Cleveland, Oh 
Milk : Making- and Marketing. 
E. G. Fowler. Selling Fat and Water. An 
illustrated account of the methods, herds 
and appliances of several remarkably suc¬ 
cessful milk-producing farms.20 
How to Rid Buildings and Farms of 
Rats, Mice, Gophers, Prairie Dogs, Ground 
Squirrels, Rabbits, Moles, Weasels, Minks and 
other Pests, Quickly and Safely. How to Snare 
Hawks and Owls. Valuable Hints to House¬ 
keepers, Farmers and Poultry-keepers.20 
Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine. 
Geo. W. Curtis, M. S. A. Origin, History, 
Improvement, Description, Characteristics, 
Merits, Objections, Adaptability South, etc., 
of each of the Different Breeds, with Hints on 
Selection, Care and Management. Methods of 
practical breeders of the United States and 
Canada. Superbly illustrated. About 100 ful 1 
page cuts. Cloth.jg 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, New Yobk. 
N.Y. STATE FAIR, 
SYRACUSE, N. Y. 
August 23 to 28, 1897. 
$25,000 in Premiums. New Buildings. 
New Water Plant. Great Attractions. 
Premium Lists now Ready. Apply to 
JAS. B. DOCHARTY, Sec’), Albany, N. Y. 
Special Railroad Facilities, Reduced Rates and 
all exhibits unloaded from cars on Fair Grounds 
AMERICAN LIVE-STOCK COMPANY 
