1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
637 
Science from the Stations 
( CONTINUED.) 
it has gone all through the experiment, 
and wherever cow peas have been 
plowed into the ground, the yield of 
corn or cotton has been increased from 
50 to 150 per cent, and Prof. Bennett is 
safe in concluding that one crop of cow 
peas turned into the soil, will furnish 
more nitrogen than is necessary for one 
crop of either corn or cotton. When 
one considers the millions of tons of 
nitrogen free in the air resting on the 
State of Arkansas, it is easy to see what 
a blessing would result if one-fifth of 
every Arkansas farm could be planted 
to cow peas every year. 
Reaching the Lower Soil —Several 
years ago, an attractive display was 
made at the Texas State Fair, which 
was designed to show the richness of the 
black, waxy soil found in certain parts 
of that State. We are told by Farm and 
Ranch that a hole eight feet deep was 
dug, leaving a central core eight feet 
high. This core was squared and boxed, 
and in this condition carried to the fair. 
Two weeks before the fair opened, 
wheat was sown in one side of this box, 
so that, during the fair, it was four or 
five inches high. The idea was to show 
that the wheat grown on the soil taken 
eight feet below the surface was just as 
good as that growing at the other end 
of the box, and so it proved. No man 
can expect to live long enough to see 
such soil as that exhausted by constant 
cropping, even with the same kind of 
grain year after year, provided means 
are taken to bring the fertility of the 
lower part of the soil up where the roots 
of the wheat plant can reach it. In 
order to do this, some plant with longer 
and hardier roots than those of the 
wheat must be used to pump up the life 
of the lower soil. Clover and cow peas 
are admirably suited for doing this work. 
While probably few other States in the 
Union can show 28.000,000 acres of such 
land as Texas can show, it is true of all 
soils that, down below the surface, may 
be found great stores of plant food. If 
we should dig eight feet deep into some 
of the soils of our northern farms, and 
attempt to grow wheat as was done in 
the Texas experiment, we would make 
a failure, for the wheat plants would 
grade down like a pair of stairs, from 
the dark-colored surface soil to the yel¬ 
low subsoil and gravel eight feet below 
it ; yet this apparently sterile soil con¬ 
tains an abundance of plant food. This 
plant food is useless until the water is 
drained out of it and the air and the sun 
worked into it to give it color and take 
away its sourness. While this can not 
be done with ordinary tools, it is true 
that the roots of such plants as clover 
and cow peas can be sent down into this 
lower soil to pump up from it this raw 
material and manufacture it into finished 
fertilizer. Here we have one instance 
of the value of the grass crop in any 
standard farm rotation. The plant food 
from the lower depths of the soil is 
pumped up near the surface, where the 
roots of more useful plants, like wheat 
and potatoes, can make use of it. 
THE NEW JERSEY STATE FAIR. 
The fair this year, if success can be reckoned 
by attendance, must have been a successful one, 
for it is said that the attendance was never 
larger during any previous year. The weather 
might have been considered favorable for this 
fair, although the hottest day of the season 
occurred during the week. As far as the general 
display was concerned, it was good. The live 
stock department was well filled, with the 
exception of swine, of which the number of 
entries was considerably smaller than common. 
The display of cattle was fully up to the average, 
and was made up largely of herds from well- 
known breeders who make the rounds of all the 
fairs. One barn and two long cattle sheds were 
destroyed by fire just a few days before the fair 
opened, as a result of lightning, but a large tent 
accommodated the cattle which could not find 
quarters in the remaining cattle sheds. The 
display of sheep was an excellent one. There 
was a large show of poultry, but as usual, the 
accommodations in this department were so poor 
that the display did not show up at its best. In 
fact, all of the buildings at this fair are too small 
for the purposes for which they are intended, 
and are in very poor repair. The society is ex¬ 
cusable for this, however, because of the fact 
q that the grounds are likely soon to be taken for 
a city park, and there is no encouragement for the 
expenditure of any great amount of money in the 
erection of new buildings or the repair and reno¬ 
vation of old ones. 
The horticultural exhibit, on the whole, was a 
fine one. One notable exhibit from outside the 
State was Ellwanger <fc Barry with a large collec¬ 
tion of pears. There is no building on the grounds 
for the horticultural department, a large tent 
being utilized for this purpose. This should not 
be so, as New Jersey’s greatest industry is horti¬ 
culture, and its State Fair should certainly give 
a better opportunity for the display of horticul¬ 
tural products. The arrangement of the horti¬ 
cultural exhibits at this fair is the best for the 
judges of any we have ever seen. There was 
great dissatisfaction in regard to the judging, 
especially of the grapes. There has teen so 
much cold, wet weather during late summer in 
this State, that grapes have not ripened as they 
should. The result was that many varieties were 
shown in only a partially ripened condition. The 
judge was P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia, and he 
disqualified the green specimens, causing a great 
deal of dissatisfaction to many of the exhibitors. 
The display of apples was not large and only 
moderate in quality. Potatoes showed up fairly 
well. Cabbages were good, but melons and 
tomatoes were very poor. 
As a whole, this fair is considerably cleaner 
than formerly, but there is a chance for improve¬ 
ment. Some of the fakirs and side shows would 
have been better off the grounds, and the room 
they occupied could have been put to better use. 
Still they did not seem to be so well patronized as 
formerly. Horse racing was an important feat¬ 
ure of the fair, and rivers of beer seemed neces¬ 
sary for irrigating purposes. Some visitors may 
demand these things, but they certainly are no 
incentive to farmers to support and patronize a 
fair, and the educational part they play is far 
from desirable. 
HINDSIGHT. 
REVIEW OF THE WEEK'S MARKETS. 
There has been considerable fluctuation in the 
grain markets during the week, but on the whole, 
at the close, prices are much the same as one 
week ago. The market opened weak on Monday 
morning, gained considerable strength on Tues¬ 
day, quieted down later in the week, and at the 
end, steadied down to a good business basis. 
Wheat showed a little decline from one week 
ago, but has been a little lower still during the 
week, the market closing firmer. The flour mar¬ 
ket has been dull, although there is a scarcity of 
some of the best brands. Corn has followed 
wheat very closely in its ups and downs, although, 
on the whole, trading is weak and dull, largely 
because of the fine weather through the western 
corn regions, which go far to insure a good crop. 
Trading in oats has been very quiet; the same 
is true of barley and rye, with a tendency toward 
lower prices of each. 
The butter market began to grow stronger 
about the middle of the week, under large re¬ 
ceipts and news of lighter production in the 
West. The demand for home use has been good, 
and there has been considerable export demand, 
so that the slight advance in price is likely to 
be sustained if not increased. The greatest de¬ 
mand is for the highest grades. The cheese mar¬ 
ket has been quiet because of an absence of ex¬ 
port demand and very quiet trade at home. 
Receipts of poultry have been considerably 
lighter, resulting in much higher prices and an 
active market. Choice spring turkeys, dry- 
picked, are now a feature in the market and 
bring good prices. There is a difference of about 
four cents a pound between dry-picked and 
scalded, quite an item when a bird weighs from 
six to ten pounds. Receipts of eggs have been 
lighter at the close of the week, although liberal 
during the week; still the fancy grades are 
scarce, and the market for these is firm. 
Evaporated apples are strong at higher prices 
because of the comparatively short crop of this 
year. In green fruits, choice red apples are in 
most demand, and the market is firm. The mar¬ 
ket is almost glutted with common stock which 
finds a slow sale. Peaches are in lighter supply 
and prices higher. Fancy pears find ready sale 
at good prices, but there is plenty of poor stuff 
that sells slowly. Grapes are in liberal supply 
and drag at lower prices. There is a good de¬ 
mand for plums. Good watermelons and musk- 
melons sell promptly at good prices. 
Choice potatoes are not plentiful, and sell 
quickly at advanced prices. Sweets have dropped 
off a little in pric'b as the supply is large. Most 
other vegetables are in plentiful supply and sell 
slowly, except for the choicest qualities. The 
great trouble is that there is too much poor stuff 
in market that injures the sale of the better 
grades. 
MARKETS. 
Saturday. September is, 1897. 
BEAN3 AND PEAS. 
Beans, Marrow, choice. 
Medium, choice. 
Pea, choice . 
,1 
Medium or Pea, common to good. 
White Kidney, choice. 
Bed Kidney, choice . 
Red Kidney, common to good. 
Black Turtle soup. 
.1 0'l@l 15 
.1 70@2 10 
Yellow Eye choice. 
Lima, Cal., 760 lbs). 
Green peas, Scotch, 1896, bols., per bushel.. 
Bags, per busbel. 
.. 95@ 97 
BUTTER—NEW. 
CTiimery, Western, extras, per lb . 
Western, first*.. 
.18 @181* 
Western, seoondi. 
Western, third*. 
_ia aisL: 
State, finest. 
1R tifeiSU 
State, thirds to firsts. 
.13 @16 
State dairy, half-firkin tub*, fanoy.16 @17 
Ftr»t».14 @15 
Second*.12 @13 
Welsh tub*, fanoy.16 @16H 
Welsh tab*, seoonds to drat*.12 @15 
^eatern imitation oreamery, extras.13 @14 
Fir*t*.12 @13 
Second*.11 @114 
We item factory, extra.12 @124 
Firsts.114@12 
Seoonds. 104011 
Third*. 8 @10 
CHEESE—NEW 
State, full oream, large, chotoe. 9 @94 
Good to prime . 8 @894 
Part skims, good to prime. 5 @54 
Part skims, common to fair. 4 @44 
Full skim*. 3 @ 34 
EGGS. 
Maar-by,new laid,fanoy, selected,per do* 18 0 — 
State&Penn..country marks,aver’ge best 17 @ — 
Western, choice, loss off. 16 @ — 
Other Western, fair to good, 30doz case.3 00 @4 00 
Western dirties, JO doz case.2 00 @3 00 
Western checks, oer 30-doz case.1 60 @2 25 
Refrigerator, good to fancy, per doz.... 13 @ 14 4 
FRUITS—DRIED. 
Apples, evaporated, 1896, fanoy, per lb. 74@ 74 
Choice, 1896, per lb. 7 @ 74 
Prime, 1896, per lb. 64@ 7 
Common, per lb. 4 @ 6 
N. C., sundried, 1896, sliced, fanoy.— @- 
8outhern. sundried. common to choice ..— © — 
8tate. sundried, quarters. 3 @ 34 
Chopped, 1897. per lb. 24@ 3 
Cores and skins. 1897, per lb. 249 3 
Peaches, Sundried, 1896, peeled, per lb.— @— 
Cherries, 1897, per lb.10 @11 
Blackberries, 1897, per lb. 34® 4 
Raspberries, evaporated, 1897, per lb.124@13 
Sundried, per lb.10 @11 
Huckleberries, 1897, per lb . 5 @ 7 
FRUITS—GREEN 
Apples. D’hess of O'bn-g, hd-pkd, d. h.. bbl.2 00@2 75 
G-av«ns .eln. perbbl.1 7 j@2 60 
Blush, par bbl.1 76@2 25 
C id iag, nand-picked. per bol.1 60@2 25 
20-oz Pippin, htnd-picked, per bbl.1 60@2 25 
H (Hand P lppin. per d. h bel.1 60@2 00 
Fall Pippin, hand-picked, per bbl.1 60@2 00 
Ki-g. perbbl .17602 25 
Common, per bbl . 75@1 25 
Peaches Jersey, per basket. 20@ 80 
Up-River, per crata. 40@1 00 
State, oer carrier . 60@1 50 
Pears, Ba f.ett, choice, per bbl.3 00@4 00 
Bartlett, poor to good, per bbl. 6091 10 
Sec tel. per bbl .l 50@3 60 
Cooking varieties, oer bbl. 50@1 25 
Graces, Uo- diver, Niagara, per case. 40@ 65 
Uo-River, Mjore’s Early, oer carrier... 30 9 40 
Uo-R ver, De'aware. per case. 60@ 90 
Up-River, oncord, per case. 30@ 45 
Plums, taole sorts, per 10-lb basket. . 15@ 20 
Green, per 10- b basket. 10@ 20 
Prunes, per l0-’b basket. 15@ 26 
Watermelons Usual qualities, per 100.5 00@22 10 
Muskme'ons Hac'ensack. perbbl.1 00@' 60 
South Jersey Gem & J. L., per bbl . 50@1 50 
Monmou’h County, Nutmeg, per bbl..... 60@ 75 
Mon. Co. Gem & J. L., per bol. 75(91 60 
Cranber'ies, Cape Cod, per bbl.3 60@5 60 
Per crate.1 60@1 75 
GAME. 
Woodcock, average, per pair. 90@1 00 
Partridges, per pair.1 00(91 25 
Grouse, oer pair. 50@ 70 
Reedblrds, per doz. 30@ 50 
GRASS SEED. 
Clover, per 100 lbs. 6 50@ 8 60 
Timothy. 3 00@ 3 75 
GRAIN. 
Wheat.1 0191 C3 
Rye. 49 9 57 
Barley feeding. 329 34 
Barley malting. 60@ 66 
Buckwheat, silver. —@ — 
Buckwheat, Japan. — © — 
Corn. 35® 37 
Oat*. 25@274 
HAY AND STRAW. 
Hay, No. 1 new Timothy, per 100 lbs.65 @70 
No. 2.65 @60 
No. 3.60 @65 
Shipping.45 @50 
Clover, mixed.50 @55 
Clover. - ..40 @45 
8alt.40 @45 
Straw, long rye.50 @60 
8hort rye. 35 @45 
Tangled rye .30 @40 
Oat.30 @36 
Wheat.30 @35 
HONEY. 
8tate, white clover, comb, fanoy, per lb.124@13 
Buckwheat, comb, per lb. 6 @ 7 
White clover, extracted, per lb. 44@ 54 
Buckwheat, extracted, per lb. 34@ 4 
California, comb, fair to prime, per lb.— @— 
Extracted, per lb. 44® 54 
Southern. In bulk, per gallon.50 @55 
HOPS. 
N. Y. 8tate, crop of 1896, choice. 7 @ 8 
Medium to prime. 54@ 64 
Old olds. 2 @ 44 
Paciflo Coast, crop of 1896, choice. 9 @10 
Crop of 1896, medium to prime. 6 @ 74 
German, 1896 . 18 @23 
MEATS— DRB8SED. 
Veal*, enuntry dreaied, prime, per lb.... 104@ 11 
Common to good, per lb. 7 @ 10 
Buttermilks, n*r lb. 640 7 
Grassers, per lb. 64® 64 
Small, per ib. 6 @ 74 
Pork, country dressed,60 to 80 lbs., per lb 7 @ 74 
80 to 120 lbs., per lb . 649 64 
125 lbsand up, per lb. 44@ 6 
NUTS. 
Peanuts, Va., h. p., fancy, per lb. 4 @ 4 M 
H. p., extra, per lb. 3 @ 3M 
Shelled, No. 1, per lb. 3 @ 34 
No. 2, per lb. 24@ 2H 
Spanish, shelled, new. No. 1, per lb .. 64@ 64 
POTATOES. 
Long Island, per bbl.2 00@2 to 
Albany and T oy, per bbl.1 65@1 87 
J rrsey, per bbl .1 50 9 2 26 
Southern Yellow, sweet, per bbl..1 25@l 60 
POULTRY—LIVE. 
Spring chickens, per lb. 94@ 104 
Fowl*, local, per lb. 11 @ — 
Western, per lb. 11 @ — 
Southern, per lb. 11 @ — 
Roosters, old, per lb. 6 a 64 
Turkey*, mixed, per lb. 10 @ 11 
Duoks. local, per pair. 50 @ 70 
• Western, per pair. 50 @ 65 
Southern, per pair. 40 @ 5U 
Geese, local, per pair.1 25 @1 37 
Western, per pair. 1 00 @1 25 
Southern, per pair. 90 @1 00 
Pigeons, old, per pair. 20 @ — 
Young, per pair. 10 @ 16 
DRB8SED POULTRY. 
Turkey*, old averasre lots, per lb. 9 @ 10 
Spring, dry picked, per lb. 18 @ 20 
Spring, scalded, per lb. 14 @ 16 
Broilers, Phtla., 3 lbs and under to pair. 10 @ U 
Phlla., 31b8 and over to pair, per lb.. 15 @ 16 
Western, per lb . 9 @ u 
The best Horse-power, 
C-sL Fiinning-niill, Feed-mill, 
Rye-thresher, Land rol¬ 
ler, Dog-power, Steam 
engine, Clover-huller, 
j Saw-machine (circular & 
__ _ _idrag), S weep-po we r, 
Fodder and Ensilage Cutter, Round-silo, 
Ceo. D. Harder, Manufacturer, Coblesklll, N.Y. 
AST Please tell what you wish to purchase. 
Fowls, State 4 Penn., good to prime. 12 @ — 
Western, prime, oer lb. U4@ 12 
Western, scalded. 10 @ 11 
Old oocks. per lb. 64® 7 
Ducks Ea>tern spring, per lb. 11 @ 114 
Geese, Eastern, white. 14 @ — 
Eastern, dark . 12 ® 13 
Squab*, tame, white, per do*.2 00 w — 
Mixed lot*, per do*.160 @175 
Dark and poor, per do*.1 00 @1 25 
VEGETABLES. 
Beets, local, per 100 bunohes.1 00® — 
Cabbage Jersey and L. I., per 100. 2 00 0 3 00 
Carrots, local, per lOo.1 00@ — 
Cauliflower, per bbl. 76@2 60 
Celery, fancy, large, per doz. 30® 35 
Small to medium, per do*. 10@ 26 
Corn, Jersey, per tOO. 50@1 25 
Ououmbers. per 100 . 40® 60 
Cucumber pickles, per l.OuO. 60@2 60 
Egg plant. Jersey, per bbl. eo@ 76 
Lettuce. Boston, per doz. 309 40 
nooal, per bbl. 75@1 00 
Lima bean9. Jersey, per bag. 40@ 60 
Jersey, potato, per bag. 60® 75 
Onions. Jersey, yellow, per bbl.1 60 9 2 00 
Orange County Red, oer bag . 50@1 75 
Orange County Yellow, per bbl. 60@l 75 
Orange County White, per bbl.1 00@2 00 
Jersey Wb te, per bbl.1 50@1 25 
Ba t-rn white, oer bbl.2 00@2 50 
Parsley and Leeks, per 100. 1 00® — 
Peas, per bag . l 25@l 75 
Peppers, green per barrel.. 60@ 75 
Red, per barrel. 1 00@1 55 
Squash marrow, per bbl orate. 7b@i 26 
White, per barrel. 1 00@1 25 
Hubbard, per bbl.l 00@1 26 
Yeliow crook, per bbl. 50® 75 
String beans L. I. wax, per bag. 30® 40 
Tomatoes. Jersey Aome, per box. 75® 90 
Jersey ordina y . 4 Q@ 60 
Turnips. Russian, per bbl. 75@1 00 
White, per 100.l 00@2 00 
WOOL. 
Ohio and Pennsylvania. XXX .27 
XX and above. 26 
X. 23 
Michigan. X and above.22 
No. 1.26 
Texas, scoured basis, spring, fine.42 
Suring, med. 42 
Fall, tine. 35 
California, scoured basis, spring. Northern.43 
Southern. 41 
Fall.. 
Oregon, scoured basis, Eastern.42 
V illey .. 
Territory 8 taple, scoured basis .47 
Kentucky, Indiana and Missouri, combing.20 
Clothing. ...19 
MILK AND CREAM 
@- 
@20 
@46 
@43 
@36 
@41 
@44 
@35 
@46 
@42 
@52 
@23 
@— 
The total dally *upply ha* been 22.462 oan* of milk, 
123 can* of oondensed milk and 5b8 can* of oream. 
Tne average prloe paid for the *arplu* on the plat¬ 
form* ha* been *1.12 a oan of 40 quart* 
GROW BISMARCKS IN POTS. 
beautiful large apples In Pots or 
Garden when two years old. One 
Dollar Kacli C'imann Ram¬ 
bler Hoses. Magnificent climber 
for Porch, 50 cents each prepaid. 
irSend 4 cents for beautiful colored 
Lithographs giving desc iptlons. 
Address MANHATTAN NURSERY 
CO., 47 L Dey St.. Now York. 
Tf-k I #400 per Year. Splepdid 12- 
• w fc—Ul acre Truck Farm. Staten Island. 
Deep, fertile soli; la-ge, good house, barn; broad 
frontage on deep water: also on hU hway. 
Address S., Room 7b5. 56 Pine Street, New York 
EGYPT 
Good and cheap homes and farms Ib 
southern Illinois. For price-list & circular 
write to JOHN JUDD, McLeansboro, Ill. 
GARNER & CO., 
Produce Commission Merchants, 
844 WASHINGTON STREET., NEW YORK. 
We have an extra demand for CHOICE CREAMERY 
BUTTER, CHOICE CHEESE and FANCY LEGHORN 
EGGS. Shipping Cards ana Stencils on application 
Reference: Gansevoort Bank. 
Established 1875. 
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO., 
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of 
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Butter, Eggs, Cheese. 
Poultry. Foreign and Domestic fruits. Consignments 
solicited 34 & 3G Little 12th St., New York. 
WIKI. H. COHEN A CO., 
Commission Merchants, 
229 and 231 Washington Street, New York. 
OUR SPECIALTIES: 
Game, 
Poultry, 
| Mushrooms, 
Furs, 
Calves, 
Nuts, 
Ginseng, 
Spring Lambs, | 
| Live Quail. 
FRUITS 
VEGETABLES, 
PRODUCE. 
We receive and sell, in car-loads or smaller lots, all 
Products of the GARDEN. ORCHARD, DAIRY, 
HENNERY and FARM. Market Reports. References 
etc., free upon application. Address 
No. 611 Liberty Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. 
SOMERS, BROTHERS CO. 
1871 BRADLEY REDFIELD, 1897 
Wholesale Commission Merchant, 
No. 141 Dock St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Twenty-seven years’ practical experience enable 
me to warrant first-class service in selling 
all kinds of Fruit and Produce. 
Apples, Potatoes and Onions 
4®” Send for our Special Market Review, ©tt 
EVANGELINE FREE. 
Did you ever read that pathetic story of the 
Arcadian farmers as told by Longfellow in that 
famous poem, Evangeline ? If not, you have a 
rare treat in store for yourself. The story of 
Evangeline, the farmer’s daughter, betrothed to 
Basil, the blacksmith’s son, separated on their 
native shore while being driven into exile by 
order of the English king, and wandering sepa¬ 
rately in search of each other through American 
forests, to meet again only on the brink of the 
grave, is a tale of pathetic and touching devotion 
that delights and fascinates every one who reads 
it. We have secured a handsomely bound illus¬ 
trated edition of this book, that we are going to 
give to every one who sends us one new yearly 
subscription. Send $1 with name and address of 
new subscriber, and we will send you this hand¬ 
some book postpaid by return mall. 
The Rural New-Yorker, New Yobk. 
