1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
663 
" Homemade Wind Wheels." 
Henry Stewart, North Carolina.— 
There is, as might be expected from a 
Jumbo, much waste of power in the mill, 
so called, shown on page 561. Of course, 
it is not to be expected that a machine 
of this kind will work as economically 
as one that costs $50, yet it may well be 
made as effective as possible by taking 
advantage of the best scientific princi¬ 
ples, and practical suggestions that may 
occur to others besides the actual con¬ 
structors. In all the illustrations, there 
is the same absence of a wind guide, 
such a contrivance as may be used in 
water machinery to turn the current 
where it will exert the most force, and 
avoid the adverse effect of eddies. When 
the wind strikes the side of the frame 
in Fig. 227, it is turned upwards, and 
diverts the air current away from the 
wiDg and over it, thus wasting consid¬ 
erable power. Whereas, if the sides of 
the frame were provided with sloping 
wings inclined towards the vanes, the 
wind would be directed considerably 
more under them, and the force of it 
would be considerably increased. This 
suggestion applies to all the designs 
shown. 
Another very useful design is a wheel 
set upright in a frame one-half of which 
is closed in, and which works in pre¬ 
cisely the same manner as an overshot 
water wheel only, instead of the mov¬ 
ing current falling on the wheel, the 
wind strikes it sidewise, that is, appar¬ 
ently, although the force of the wind is 
precisely the same when it is moving 
laterally as if it were downwards and 
falling. In this upright machine, a wind 
guide attached to it has doubled the 
power of the wheel. The guide is made 
somewhat like a letter V with the bot¬ 
tom cut off, so that the wind is collected 
in the space between the sloping sides 
and directed against the vanes of the 
wheel. It would not add a dollar to 
the cost of any of these machines if ball 
bearings were used. The balls may be 
made of hard wood, and can be turned 
very cheaply. Although a machine may 
be rough and ready, there are many 
small improvements that may be applied 
to it that will cost very little, yet will 
add one-half to the efficiency of it. It is 
like the application of science to our 
every-day matters. A common scythe, 
for instance, ground and edged with 
scientific exactness, will keep its edge 
and turn out twice as much effective 
work as another kept in the ordinary 
bad condition. Tnis is even far more 
applicable to this class of machinery, 
including water wheels with the wind 
wheels. 
Treatment ot Blackberry Bushes. 
W. F. T., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.—With 
blackberry bushes set last spring, my 
plan is to do nothing with them until 
next spring. Then set posts at each end 
of the rows and brace firmly ; set posts 
every 40 or 50 feet along the rows. Con¬ 
nect the end posts by No. 10 grape wire, 
draw tight, and staple to the inside 
posts. Let the wire be three feet from 
the ground Tie the vines to this wire 
and trim. Now comes the most import¬ 
ant part—strong canes will grow the 
second year. These must be cut back 
when grown three feet high, and kept 
trimmed so we can pick the fruit. After 
the fruit is off, I let them alone until 
the following spring. Do not neglect 
cultivation in the spring, and keep it up 
as long as possible. Treat superfluous 
shoots as weeds, and keep the spaces 
between the rows clean. One can pur¬ 
sue the same course each spring, tying 
bearing canes to the wire after remov¬ 
ing the old canes ; but I have found two 
wires the best, one on each side of the 
row. Staple these to the posts, and 
every few feet along the row, draw 
the wires nearly together and tie. The 
berry canes need no tying; they cannot 
get loose or blow down. The row is 
even, and we find it much the best way. 
Crimson Clover Is Small. 
J. W. W., Henbyville, Ind. —Crimson 
clover, sown in good shape on July 24, 
came up and started finely, but the 
drought is killing it. I fear there will 
be none in the spring, for what is not 
killed outright, will not make growth 
enough to stand the winter. 
R. N.-Y.—Don’t give the clover up 
until next spring. You may be surprised 
to see how it will winter. It will not 
stop growing at frost. 
More Japan Plum Talk. 
H. C. B , Blaibsville, Pa. —In the 
spring of 1894, I set out a lot of Japan 
plum trees, all Abundance and Burbank. 
They have made a remarkable growth, 
and have never winterkilled the slight¬ 
est. Last spring, they bloomed most 
profusely, but just when in full bloom, 
we had a severe frost; the ground was 
frozen hard enough to carry a wagon 
This freeze nearly finished the Abund¬ 
ance ; only a few trees set any fruit, and 
they very little. The Burbanks did not 
seem injured, and set fruit in quantities 
far beyond the capacity of the trees to 
carry and mature ; but they soon began 
to drop, and kept it up until some of the 
trees were entirely bare. Quite a num¬ 
ber, however, matured a good crop. The 
fruit of both varieties is magnificent in 
appearance, and of excellent quality ; 
but judging from this year’s experience, 
the Burbank is certainly much the 
hardier. The soil on which the orchard 
grows is a sandy loam. As to being 
proof against curculio, we have several 
other varieties in bearing, and have 
failed to note any difference between the 
European and American varieties and 
the Japan. 
Questions About Weeds. 
I. W. J , Dutchess County, N. Y.— 
A gardener recently showed me in a 
greenhouse, a box of coal ashes taken 
from the furnace. Purslane was growing 
in the box. Where did the seed come 
from ? The ashes were not out of doors 
or near any plants that went to seed. 
The question, I think, is hard to solve, 
and interests me very much, as purslane 
is the worst weed with which I have to 
contend, and grows rankest under high 
temperature. Fertilizer men claim that 
there are no weed seeds in fertilizers, 
and that is an advantage over barnyard 
manure. How can they be so sure ? It 
is a question with me whether it will 
pay to keep weeds from going to seed 
My idea is that it is more important to 
kill the biennial weeds and the weeds 
that have roots that live through the 
winter, than annual weeds that have 
roots that die with the germination of 
their seeds. I consider it a very import¬ 
ant question to bring up before the 
ground freezes. Every practical farmer 
knows that it is easier to keep White 
clover, sorrel and dock out of the straw¬ 
berry beds in the summer than it is to 
leave it till next spring to do. I always 
make it a point to have my beds cleaned 
up in good shape for spring, although 
I plow and hoe my strawberries in the 
spring. I consider it very important 
that all my garden land be plowed just 
before the ground freezes so as to lessen 
the cost of labor the next year. 
Free Rural Delivery. 
W. R. W., Elba, N. Y.—I am well 
pleased with free mail delivery. I think 
that all classes are in favor of it, and 
that the farmers are entitled to free 
delivery of their mail as much as the 
city people are. Why not reduce the 
city delivery to once a day, and serve 
the people all alike? Why is it that 
city carriers receive more pay than 
country carriers are willing to work for 
and furnish their own horses and 
wagons ? I think that, if economy were 
used in all branches of the system, the 
expense to the Government need not be 
much more than at the present time. 
ARMSTRONG & McKELVY 
Pittsburgh. 
BEYMER-BAUMAN 
Pittsburgh. 
DAVIS-CHAMBERS 
Pittsburgh. 
FAHNESTOCK 
Pittsburgh. 
ANCHOR 
- Cincinnati, 
Now York, 
Chicago. 
ECKSTEIN J 
ATLANTIC 
BRADLEY 
BROOKLYN 
JEWETT 
ULSTER 
UNION 
SOUTHERN 
SHIPMAN 
COLLIER 
MISSOURI 
RED SEAL 
SOUTHERN 
JOHN T. LEWIS & BROS 00 
Philadelphia. 
M0RLEY 
Cleveland. 
SALEM 
Salem, Mass. 
CORNELL 
Buffalo. 
KENTUCKY 
Louisville. 
St. Louis. 
P\ON’T be penny wise and 
pound foolish by buying 
the “just-as-good mixtures/’ “ so 
called White Lead,” or other 
substitutes for Pure White Lead. 
In painting, the cost ol labor 
so far exceeds the cost of mate¬ 
rial that the best only should be 
used. The best is Pure White 
Lead (see list of brands which are 
genuine) and Pure Linseed Oil. 
PD PP By using National Lead Co.’s Pure White Lead Tinting Col- 
|-< Ic r-< r"< ors, any desired shade is readily obtained. Pamphlet giving 
* valuable information and card showing samples of colors free ; 
also cards showing pictures of twelve houses of different designs painted in 
various styles or combinations of shades forwarded upon application. 
National Lead Co., i Broadway , New York. 
liflir LI mill nmn “.I?* bouse or barn, or in putting new roofing or 
WHEN dUILUINu 
ILI1 UUIUIII1W STEEL ROOFING AND SIDINC will repay 
you handsomely. It is cheaper than boards or 
shingles, because the first, cost is no greater and the lasting qualities are double. No 
body knows how long it will last if kept properly painted. A Cood CORRUGATED 
STEEL ROOF at 2 1-2 cts. per Square Foot. For testimonials circulars and 
BERLIN IRON BRIDGE GO., E. BERLIN CONN . 0 
I ELASTIC WIRE CABLE FENCING 
IS ECONOMICAL. Old customers report 
that after 30 Years’wear the cable Is still 
perfect. It Don’t Retain Kinks. 
Ft he Proof. Dust Proof. Neat. 
Does Not Injure Cattle. 
Cheaper than Post and Rail, and three times more durable. Sold only In bundles of 500 yards. 
PHILIP S. JUSTICE & CO., 14 N. Fifth Street, Philadelphia. 
FAST 
WORKING 
HAY PRESS! 
Will turn out from 4 to 6 tons more per day , 
than any press made. 12 to 16 tons per 
day Is the ACTUAL CAPACITY of the! 
SOUTHWICK 
1 Write for catalog. & price list. 
I SANDWICH MFG.CO. 119 Main St. Sandwich,Ill.? 
“Eli” Baling Presses 
88 Stylei A Sizes for Horse and Steam Power. 
Largest line in the world. Send for Catalog. 
COLLINS PLOW CO., 1111 Hampshire St.,Quincy,111. 
Hay or 
Straw 
Why Hire Your Corn Harvested 
WHEN YOU CAN BUY A 
Standard Corn Harvester, 
A MAN 
Across the street lugging a water melon always 
attracts attention. So does a man showing up 
the superior qualities of PAGE fence. Why ? 
Because men like a good thing. 
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian. Mich. 
KEYSTONE 
WOVEN WIRE FENCE 
will keep your stock in and your neighbor’s 
out. Stray Hogs, Cattle, Horses or Sheep can¬ 
not destroy your crops when you fence with 
the KEYSTONE. 25 to 58 inches high. Send 
for free book on fence construction 
L * KEY8T0NE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., 
No. ^^Kn^i^t^.^eoria^lQL ^ ...3 
S 
Another Chance 
for a Watch. 
Here is the best bargain we have yet 
offered in a low-priced man’s watch. It 
has seven jeweled movements, straight 
STEEL FRAME WITH SAFETY GUARDS, FOR 
0 | DELIVERED AT YOUR R. R. STATION. 
address 
THE STANDARD HARROW CO., UTICA, NX 
line lever escapement, cut compensated 
balance, safety pinion. Plates damas¬ 
keened in nickel. White hard enamel 
dial with depressed secon ds and black 
Steel Wheels 
Staggered Oval Spokes. 
BUY A SET TO FIT YOUR NEW OR OLD WAGON 
CHEAPEST AND BEST 
way to get a low wagon. Any size 
wheel, any width tire. Catal. tree. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL GO., Quincy, III. 
ADAM 
THE FENCE MAN 
Makes Woven Wire 
Fence that “Stands 
Up.’’ Cannot Sag. 
Get his new catalogue. It; 
tells all about the Best 
Farm Fence Made. _ 
Also 8teel Lawn and Cemetery Fences 
W ! J. ADAM, Joliet, Illinois. 
marginal figures. The case is dust- 
proof polished silverode (that looks like 
silver and wears better). Has 10 k. gold- 
filled crown. We have secured a special 
price on a lot of these watches. The 
jobber's price is $3 50. He sells to re¬ 
tailer, and you pay $5.00 for them at the 
jewelry store You may send us one 
new subscription and $3.50, and we will 
send you the watch by return mail, and 
the paper for a year to the new sub¬ 
scriber so that the watch will cost you 
only $2.50. We guarantee this watch to 
keep good time, and return the money, 
if you are not satisfied, but you will be. 
We want the new subscriptions, and if 
you want a watch, now is the time to get 
it. The Rural New-Yorker, New York. 
