7i8 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 30 
HOPE FARM NOTES. 
Our readers are taking great interest 
in the outbreak of roup among the poul¬ 
try at Hope Farm. We want to repeat 
here that we do not pretend that our 
methods or results are in any way re¬ 
markable. We are not conducting a 
model farm, by any means. Some of our 
operations are started against the ad¬ 
vice of good farmers, and they often fail. 
We learn something from every failure 
—more than we do from successes. Speak¬ 
ing of roup, the following note is at 
hand from a Massachusetts friend : 
The Hope Farm experience with roup reminds 
me of mine when I was a “chicken” in poultry 
experience. Of late years, I have not had much 
trouble with the disease, and when, now and 
then, fowls “ take cold ” from exposure or a sud¬ 
den change in the weather, they soon recover if 
their quarters are dry and properly ventilated 
and other conditions are right. While the roup 
in some of its advanced stages may be considered 
contagious like glanders in the horse, my experi¬ 
ence with the disease leads me to believe that it 
is a disease of the blood caused by unsanitary 
feeding, watering and housing rather than any 
other cause, and that the foundation of the dis¬ 
ease is laid while the fowl is in its chickenhood. 
From my experience in breeding from parents 
that have been severely affected with the disease, 
I am sure it is liable to be transmitted to the 
young or, if not directly transmitted, they are 
very susceptible to the disease, which would seem 
to indicate that it has its source in the blood. I 
have bred purebred chicks that, in the fall and 
winter, had the disease in a mild form, and in¬ 
variably more or less of the chickens would be 
affected by the disease. My experience has been 
such that I will not breed from a fowl that has 
been affected. One reason why it appears to be 
contagious is that so many of the same flock 
have it at the same time; but generally, all of 
the same flock have been raised under the same 
conditions, and later, during the changeable 
weather of fall and early winter, all the flock get 
the same drafts or damp quarters, which serve 
to start the disease going. 
Two years ago, a poultry farmer with whom 
I have considerable dealing, and who lives in the 
village, brought me two Brown Leghorn hens; 
they had come to his pens of purebred fowls and 
persisted in staying with them, and not being 
able to find the owner, he brought them up to me 
to keep as layers. It was late in the fall when 
they came to him, and when he brought them to 
me, they had, evidently, just moulted, and both 
were suffering from the roup, one but slightly, 
and the other running at the nostrils consider¬ 
ably and the discharge smelling badly. I nut 
them in with a pen of my own fowls, mostly culls, 
but as my pens and yards were built for larger 
fowls, the Leghorns soon found that they could 
fly over the highest fences, and go where they 
had a mind to. As a result, they went a good 
deal of the time where their fancy took them. 
Under my feed and care, they soon began laying, 
and as eggs were bringing good prices, I let 
them go. 
In the spring, I mated the two with a vigorous, 
healthy Golden Wyandotte cockerel, the smallest 
of any breed I had at the time. I hatched quite 
a number of chickens from this mating, but some 
died when small, and most of them that grew to 
any size were continually “catching cold.” One 
of the hens, the one that was always less affected 
with the roup, died on the nest while laying 
early in the fall, and the other one I killed in mid¬ 
winter. Thus one of these fowls, all the time 
while in my possession, had more or less of a 
discharge from the nostrils, but notwithstanding 
she ran and ate and drank with several hundred 
of my other fowls for over a year, I had no 
trouble with roup then or since. 
Because the disease usually starts with a cold, it 
is commonly supposed to be the cause; but I be¬ 
lieve the real cause is further back than the cold 
that starts it to working. One of the most foolish 
things that a poultry keeper can do is to feed the 
so-called condition powder to poultry, either 
when well or sick, especially if the stock is to 
be bred from later in the season. Plenty of pure 
air, water and wholesome food in the right pro¬ 
portions are all the stimulants that healthy fowls 
need or should have. r. a. putnam. 
X t X 
It is pretty hard, sometimes, for a 
man to believe these “ new ideas ”. It 
takes courage for a man to run a weeder 
over his corn, or to believe that there is 
any substitute for stable manure, or that 
corn is not the best food for poultry. 
The first inclination is to doctor and 
fuss with roup, just as it is to drown the 
baby with drugs when its stomach aches 
for the first time. Further support of 
the let-alone policy is furnished by O 
W. Mapes in this note : 
I am anxiously awaiting more particulars 
about that outbreak of roup. How did it affect 
that pen of chickens that were balancing their 
own ration? How about those fed on dry feed 
compared with those fed on wet feed, etc. I 
suspect that you bought it along with those New 
York pullets. Take the advice of one who has 
been all through the same mill, and throw away 
your pills and kerosene, and spend the evenings 
romping with the children instead of doctoring 
sick chickens. Depend on a balanced ration of 
food fed liberally three times a day with pur- 
water, fresh air and free range from comfortable 
quarters, and your chickens will contract and 
recover from that form of roup, and you will 
hardly know they have had it. 
You remember the long henhouse which my 
son built ? He infested that with roup by buying 
New York pullets, and had a hard pull of it. 
Since he has been feeding the balanced ration, it 
has not troubled him. He put 200 pullets right in 
among those old fowls about six weeks ago. The 
germs of the disease are still there, and it is run¬ 
ning through the young pullets. Not one m an in 
ten, however, would know it, as the only sign is 
an occasional sneeze and a few wet beaks. He 
tells me that he has not lost a single pullet, or 
seen a swelled head, or sore eye. I am satisfied 
than an exclusive corn diet would give him scores 
of swelled heads within a week or ten days. 
I now think the roup was brought to 
the place with the first lot of birds that 
were bought in New York. The pullets 
that undertook to balance their own 
ration have had the disease worse than 
the others. We think although we can¬ 
not say so positively, that some of these 
pullets ate more of the corn than others. 
Those that died were mostly Plymouth 
Rocks, though a number of the Minorcas 
have had the disease badly. In buying 
poultry in New York one is likely to 
get many birds that have been fed on 
corn almost exclusively. Such hens left 
to “balance their own ration” would 
eat corn and let the other grains almost 
alone. Since feeding a well-balanced 
ration, our hens have improved. We 
now expect to take Mr. Mapes’s advice 
and quit doctoring except in a few cases 
that are under experiment. A mixture 
of equal parts ammonia, glycerine and 
turpentine shaken into a thick cream is 
highly recommended as an ointment for 
smearing the nostrils. 
X t X 
We are hearing so much about bal¬ 
anced rations that I want to say some¬ 
thing about the food eaten by some 
healthy live stock at Hope Farm. Two 
of the children we call “a Bud and a 
Graft.” The “ Bud” is a little girl three 
years old last August, of home breeding. 
The “Graft” is a boy, probably about 
seven years old, of unknown parentage, 
but evidently, not scrub stock. The 
“ Bud” has hardly been sick an hour in 
her life She is short, fat and solid and 
actually weighs more than the “ Graft.” 
The “Graft” is like a Jersey calf—wo 
cannot put an ounce of soft fat on his 
little frame. He is as tough as gristle 
all over. 
I think that these children owe their 
health largely to their diet, and I want 
to tell how we balance their ration. For 
breakfast, each has a good-sized bowl of 
well-cooked oatmeal or other cereal 
with sugar, a little cream and plenty of 
pure milk. They generally want more 
than one bowlful. If there are eggs for 
breakfast, they always eat one. Potatoes 
with cream or fried are quite to their 
(Continued on next page.) 
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