1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
733 
Science from the Stations. 
(CONTINUED.) 
pounds, contains as much nourishment as three- 
fourths pound of sirloin f-teak. With steak at 10 
cents a pound, such milk is worth 12 cents per 
quart. In spite of this, most city people regard 
milk as a luxury rather than a food. 
Milk is the only animal product that is eaten 
raw. It cannot be washed like meat or fish. Most 
persons consider one quart of milk as good as 
another so far as food value is concerned; this is 
a great mistake, for there are grades of milk, the 
same as there are grades of coffee, sugar or 
dour. In other articles, the price is determined 
by the grade, and Prof. Voorhees argues that 
pure, clean milk should be sold at prices deter¬ 
mined by the amount of solids it contains. The 
richness of milk depends upon the cow that 
makes It. Her breed, her age, and her period of 
lactation all induence it. Milk with four per 
cent of fat is considered better than either a 
poorer or richer article. The object is to secure 
a herd of cows that can be depended on to give 
a Uniform four-per-cent milk through the entire 
year, and then guarantee that composition. 
There are 28 cows in the station herd—of mixed 
breeding. An investigation of the milk supply 
of large cities in New Jersey showed that the com¬ 
position of milk varied from 11.10 per cent of 
solids and 2.84 per cent of fat, to 15 03 per cent of 
solids and 5.67 per cent of fat—a difference in fat 
of nearly ICO per cent. Good and poor milk sold 
at about the same price per quart, though the 
richer milk required about twice as much food 
per quart. It was proposed to breed and feed 
the cows in the station herd so that they would 
give a uniform four-per-cent milk. 
The cows are not pastured, but exercise in a 
three-acre field. Green food—rye, wheat, Crim¬ 
son clover, oats and peas, millet, Soja beans, 
cow peas, corn fodder—Is cut and broUlght to 
them. In winter, they are fed ensilage, hay, dry 
fodder and beets. The following mixture of 
grain is fed : wheat bran, four pounds ; dried 
brewers’ grains, three pounds; linseed meal, 
one pound; corn meal, one pound. This is fed 
in varying quantities; for example, the cow giv¬ 
ing 40 pounds of milk gets more of this mixture 
than the one that gives 15 pounds. On this feed, 
the milk of individual cows varied all the way 
from 2.5 to 8.3 per cent of fat, yet the mixed milk 
of the entire herd varied only from 4 to 4.4 per 
cent. The differences of the milk are carefully 
given in tables in the bulletin. 
The two chief things supposed to influence the 
Composition of milk, are the length of time from 
calving, and the character of the food. As a cow 
advances in lactation, the flow of milk decreases 
and the per cent of fat increases. Individual 
cows differ, but experiments in this herd show 
that, for the first five months, the decrease In 
the milk yield is greater than the decrease in 
total fat. The per cent of fat gradually increases 
up to the fifth month, after which it remains prac¬ 
tically the same. The difference is limited to the 
first five months, and if the fresh cows come into 
the herd in every month during the year, the 
mixed milk will remain about uniform in com¬ 
position. 
It is commonly believed that succulent foods 
like grass, ensilage, green fodder, potatoes, etc., 
reduce the quality of milk, that is, lower Its per 
cent of fat. To see what there is in this claim, 
two rations were fed as follows: 
No. 1—lbs. No. 2—lbs. 
Knsilage. 35 
Dry fodder. 4 15 
Wheat bran. 4 4 
Dried brewers’ grains. 3 3 
Corn meal. 1 1 
Linseed meal. 1 i 
The “ dry matter ” in No. 2 is equal to that in No. 
1. Another ration of 35 pounds of ensilage, 4 
pounds of dried fodder, and 22‘/ 2 pounds of pota¬ 
toes or of beets was also fed. On the whole, the 
results show that a change from dry to succulent 
food affects the yield rather than the composi¬ 
tion of the milk. We get more of it of about the 
same quality as before. Beets proved to be a 
better source of succulence than potatoes, and 
good ensilage best of all. 
HINDSIGHT. 
RKVIKW OF THE WEEK'S MARKETS. 
The grain market here opened weaker on Mon¬ 
day morning. Wheat went down one-half cent 
per bushel. There was considerable export buy¬ 
ing at this lower price, but Tuesday, it began to 
advance, and with some ups and downs, has ad¬ 
vanced gradually during the week, closing about 
three cents per bushel above the price one week 
ago. One unfavorable feature of this advance is 
that it has largely checked the export demand, 
showing how little it takes to convince the ex¬ 
porters that their profit is jeopardized. The mar¬ 
ket at the close of the week is firm, and the pros¬ 
pects seem favorable. There has been a good 
export demand for Hour during the week, but the 
market is quiet and the views of holders firmer. 
The Worry of It. 
The world has come to know that the 
muscles have much to do with the health 
of the system, and the era of athletics 
has so developed them, that the whole 
man is a stronger being than in former 
years. But the worry of it all is that 
the muscles are of the flesh, fleshy. A 
little twist, or slip, or jerk—these hap¬ 
pen in all work—and then a sprain. 
Sprains disable and are costly in time 
and money, but not if St. Jacobs Oil is 
used, for it cures surely and promptly, 
and the worry of it is over.— Adv. 
Corn declined early in the week In sympathy 
with wheat, but reports later in the week show 
a material shortage in nearly every corn-growing 
State, and some reports indicate, also, poor 
quality. The total crop is said to be consider¬ 
ably less than that of last year. The result is 
that the market is firmer, and higher prices are 
predicted. Oats were, also, lower early In the 
week, but gained strength with the increased 
firmness of the other grains, and also from the 
fact that there was a considerable export de¬ 
mand. Rye is somewhat higher In price, and the 
market is strong. There is a good demand from 
the Continent, and this stimulates the market. 
There is little change in the barley market. Re¬ 
ceipts of beans are heavy, trade quiet, and prices 
lower. 
The apple market Is firm under somewhat 
higher prices. The receipts are not heavy, and 
many of these are going into cold storage, so 
that the visible supply on the market is small. 
This is especially true of choice fruit, although 
there is a plenty of the Inferior grades. Pears 
are plentiful and dull, excepting for the best 
grades. Fancy grapes are not in large supply, 
and the demand Is good at prices exceeding our 
quotations. The larger part of the receipts, 
however, are not of a quality to exceed the prices 
given. Cranberries seem to be somewhat scarce, 
and holders are very firm in their views. Florida 
oranges are in market, and fancy grades bring 
good prices. Evaporated apples seem to be a 
little easy in price. 
The butter market has been very quiet all the 
week. Receipts are not heavy, demand is good, 
and demand and supply seem to be pretty evenly 
balanced. Prices are slightly higher on some 
grades than one week ago, but in general, the 
situation is about the same. Receipts of cheese 
are quite large, and as there Is little demand 
from exporters, the market is weak and un¬ 
settled. 
Receipts of potatoes have been larger than the 
demand, hence the market is weak and prices 
are somewhat lower. Sweet potatoes, however, 
are In lighter supply, and prices have advanced. 
Most other vegetables are in good supply, and 
prices are but little changed from one week ago. 
Receipts of poultry were very light early In the 
week, probably because previous low prices had 
discouraged shippers to the extent that they 
were holding their stock. Later in the week, the 
receipts were larger, but still the prices have ad¬ 
vanced considerably, and the trade is good. Re¬ 
ceipts of eggs are light, especially of fresh 
gathered, and the tendency is toward higher 
prices. Considerable quantities of refrigerator 
and limed eggs are being put on the market, but 
trade in these is very slow. 
MARKETS. 
Saturday. October 30, 1897. 
BEANS AND PKA 8 . 
Beam, Marrow, 1897, oholoe.1 86® — 
Medium, 1896. oholoe.1 20® — 
Pea, 1891, oholoe.1 10® — 
Medium or Pea, common to good. 95®1 00 
White Kidney, oholoe.1 60@1 65 
Red Kidney, 1897, oholoe. 1 f>0@ — 
Red Kidney, oommon to good. 9>@1 26 
Yellow Bye choice. 1 40® — 
Lima, Cal., (60 lbs). 1 3001 35 
Glreen peas, 8ootch, 1896, bols., per bushel... 90® — 
Bags, per busbel. 86® — 
BUTTER—NHW. 
ireamery, Western, extras, per lb .. 
Western, firsts... 
Western, seoonds. 
Western, thirds. 
State, finest. 
State, thirds to firsts. 
State dairy, half-firkin tubs, fancy .. 
Firsts... 
Seconds . 
Welsh tubs, fanoy. 
Welsh tubs, seconds to firsts. 
Western imitation creamery, extras. 
Firsts . 
Seoonds. 
Western faotory, extra. 
Firsts. 
Seconds. 
Thirds. 
CHBB8B—NHW. 
State, full cream, large, oholoe. 
Fair to good. 
Part skims, good to prime. 
Part skims, oommon to fair_ 
Full skims..... 
0234 
022 
.17 
019 
016 
.23 
@234 
©2 2 
©20 
018 
015 
@194 
@174 
.16 
017 
014 
.114012 
.134313 
.12 @124 
.11 @114 
. 9 @104 
. 84@ 8»4 
. 8 @ 84 
.6 a 6!* 
- < ® 
. 3 ® 34 
HGGB. 
Near-by,new laid,fanoy, selected,per dos 21 o 22 
State&Penn.,country marks, aver’ge best 19 ® 20 
Western, oholoe, loss oil. is @ 18J4 
Other Western, fair to good, 30 doz case.2 70 ®3 74 
Western dirties, 30 doz oase.2 00 @3 00 
Western checks, per 30-doz oase.1 60 @2 40 
Refrigerator, good to fanoy, ner doz. 1340 144 
Limed, Western prime, per doz. 134 ® 14 
FRUITS—DRIHD. 
Apples, evaporated, fanoy, per lb. 9 @— 
Choice, per lb. bSf@— 
Prime, per lb. 8 @ 8 % 
Common to good, per lb. 6 ® 
Snndried, siloed. 3 @ 4>» 
Sundrled. Canada, quarters, 1897 . 6 @ 6 
State & Western, quarters. 1897. 4 @64 
Southern, quarters, 1897 . 3 @ 44 
Chopped, 1897, per 100 lbs.2 75@3 0U 
Cores and skins. 1897, per 100 lb.2 60®3 00 
Cherries, 1897, per lb. 100124 
Blackberries, 1897, per lb. 4 @44 
Raspberries, evaporated, 1897, per lb.134014 
Sundrled, per lb. 10 @11 
Huckleberries, 1897, per lb . 6 @ 7 
FRUITS—GRHHN 
Apples, fanoy red, hand-picked, d. h., bbl..2 6004 00 
Greening, per bbl. 1 6003 00 
Ben Davis, per bbl. . 1 76@3 00 
Baldwin, hand-picked, per bbl. 1 60@a to 
20-oz Pippin, hand-picked, per bbl.1 7602 00 
Northern Spy, per d. h bbl... .I 6003 CO 
Fall pippin, hand-plokod, per bbl.2 0002 10 
King, per bbl. . 2 260 3 60 
Common, per bbl. 75® 1 60 
Pears, Baitlett, choice, per bbl.2 00@3 00 
Bartlett, poor to good, per bbl. 60@1 to 
Seckel, per bbl . 3 00@6 60 
Boso, per bbl. 1 6103 50 
Anjou, per bbl.1 26©1 76 
Sheldon, per bbl.1 60^»2 60 
KeilTe-, per bbl. 1 C0@2 26 
Cooking varieties, oer bbl. 60@1 00 
Grapes, Up-River, Concord, per case. 40@ 65 
“Brown’s Bronchial Troches” relieve Throat 
Irritations caused by cold or use of the voice 
The genuine sold only in boxes.— Ado. 
State Delaware, per small basket. 8 ® 12 
Btate Niagara, per small basket. 8 ® 12 
state black, per small basket. 6 ® 8 
State Catawba, ner basket. 7® 8 
Wine—in bulk, Delaware. 140 2 
Wine - in bulk, white. 140 14 
Wine-In bulk, black. 14 
Cranberries, Cape Cod, per bbl.4 00@7 to 
Per crate.1 600 2 00 
Jersey, per crate.1 60@l 75 
Jersey, per bbl.4 5006 26 
Oranges, Fla., per box.3 000 6 00 
Grape fruit, Fla., per box. 6 600 6 50 
Quinces, per bbl.1 26@3 00 
GAME. 
English snipe, per doz.1 2601 60 
Golden plover, per doz. 1 2601 50 
G-ass p’over, per doz. 1 0001 60 
Wild ducks, canvas, per pair.2 00@2 60 
Red heads, 1 er oatr.1 6002 00 
Mallards, per pair. 600 76 
Teal, blue wing, per pair. 36® 40 
Teal, green wing, per pair. 20© 25 
Common, per pair. 200 26 
Woodcock, average, per pair. 9001 00 
Partridges, per pair. 1 0001 26 
Grouse, per pair. 60® l 00 
Venison, saddles, fresh, per lb. 16© 17 
GRASS SHED. 
Clover, per 100 lbs. 6 00® 6 25 
Timothy. 2 75® 3 26 
HONEY. 
8 tate, white clover, oomb, fanoy, per lb. 12 ®— 
Bnokwheat, oomb, per lb. 8 © 9 
White clover, extracted, per lb. 44® 64 
Buckwheat, extraoted, per lb. 340 44 
California, oomb, fair to prime, per lb.11 @13 
MEATS—DRESSED 
Veals, country dressed, prime, per lb. 
Small, per lb. 
Pork, oountry dressed,60 to 80 lbs., per lb 
Roasting pigs, 10 to 30 lbs each, per lb.. 
NUT8. 
No. 2, per lb. 24@ — 
Spanish, shelled, new. No. 1, per lb 
94® 
10 
7 0 
9 
6 0 
7 
6 0 
6 
64® 
7 
640 
7 
64® 
6 
4 0 
6 
8 0 
10 
4 0 
__ 
3 @ 
84 
3 0 
34 
24® 
— 
44® 
6 
00 @1 25 
00 @7 
60 
POTATOES. 
Long Island, per bbl. 
Albany and Troy, per bbl. 
Jersey, per bbl. 
Western New York, per bbl. 
Jersey Sweet, per bbl.. 
Vineland, fancy, per bbl. 
POULTRY—LIVE. 
Spring ohlokens, per lb. 
Fowls, looal, per lb. 
Western, per lb. 
Southern, per lb. 
Roosters, old, per lb. 
Turkeys, mixed, per lb. 
Duoks, looal, per pair. 
Western, per pair. 
Southern, per pair. 
Geese, looal, per pair. 1 
Western, per pair. 1 
Southern, per pair. 
Pigeons, old, per pair. 
Young, per pair. 
DRESSED POULTRY. 
Turkeys, old average lots, per lb. 
Spring, dry pioked. per lb. 
8pring, scalded, per lb. 
Chickers, Phlla., fancy. 
Phlla., fair to good, per lb. 
Western, per lb . 
Fowls. State <fc Penn., good to prime. 
Western, prime, per lb. 
Western, scalded. 
Old oooks. per lb. 
Duoks. Eastern soring, per lb. 
Western spring, per lb. 
Geese, Eastern, white. 
Eastern, dark. 
Squabs, tame, white, per dos.2 
Mixed lots, per doz. 2 
Dark and poor, per doz. 1 
VEGETABLES. 
Cabbage Jersey and L. 1., per 10 U.3 
State, per 100. 2 
Cauliflower, per bbl. 
Celery, fanoy, large, per doz. 
Small to medium, per doz. 
Cucumbers. Florida, per orate. 
Egg plant. Jersey, per nbl . 
Lettuoe. Boston, per doz. 
Looal, per bbl. 
Onions. Orange County red, per bag.1 
Orange County yellow, per bbl.1 
Orange County white, per bbl.1 
Jersey white, per bbl. 1 
Eaitsrn white, per bbl.1 
Parsley and Leeks, per 100.1 
Peas. Va., per 4-bbl basket. 
N. C., per bushel basket. 
Squash, marrow, per bbl. 
Hubbard, ner bbl. . 1 
String oeans. Va., per 4-bbl basket. 
Tomatoes. Jersey, per box. 
Turnips, Russian, per bbl. 
.2 1202 25 
.1 7601 87 
.1 6602 60 
.1 7601 87 
.2 2502 7o 
.2 6003 00 
8 
0 
84 
8 
0 
84 
8 
0 
84 
8 
0 
84 
4 
0 
5 
8 
a 
10 
56 
0 
75 
60 
0 
65 
40 
0 
50 
00 
@1 37 
00 
01 26 
75 
01 00 
30 
0 
— 
20 
0 
26 
10 
0 
11 
11 
0 
12 4 
10 
0 
11 
14 
0 
16 
10 
0 
13 
9 
0 
104 
94 <8 
— 
9 
0 
94 
8 
® 
9 
6 
® 
64 
124® 
13 
8 
@ 
10 
14 
0 
— 
12 
0 
18 
50 
02 76 
03 
®2 25 
26 
®1 bO 
0004 00 
6003 00 
6601 2 ) 
25® 30 
10 ® 26 
5001 00 
7601 60 
30® 36 
76 0 1 00 
0002 00 
26@1 75 
0003 00 
500 3 60 
76®4 00 
00 ® — 
76@1 00 
500 75 
b0@ 76 
00®1 26 
300 74 
40® 75 
50® 75 
MILK AND CREAM 
The total dally supply has been 22,500 oans of milk, 
148 oans of oondensed milk and 444 oans of oream. 
The exchange price is 24 cents a quart net to the 
shipper. 
Consumption and Bronchitis. 
W E commence to-day a series of extracts from 
the Lectures of Dr. Robert Hunter—the dis¬ 
tinguished lung specialist—on the Progress of 
Medical Science in the Treatment of Lung Com¬ 
plaints. They will be continued from week to 
week, and ought to prove of great interest and 
value to the public. 
The lungs are the great vital center 
of the body on which the health and 
proper action of all other organs de¬ 
pend. If we cease to breathe for but five 
minutes, we are dead at the end of that 
time. In rare and exceptional cases the 
flame of life can be rekindled by artifi¬ 
cial respiration, but, as a rule, people 
sound and well when suffocated are 
dead beyond restoration at the end of 
five minutes. Have you ever thought 
why this is ? It is because the functions 
of every vital organ stop the moment 
we stop breathing. Breathing makes 
the heart to beat, the blood to circulate, 
and the brain to send forth sensation 
and motion to the entire body. 
The lungs, the brain, and the heart 
constitute the tripod of life, and while 
they act we cannot die. The heart de¬ 
pends on the lungs for its power to 
circulate the blood, and the blood de¬ 
pends on the lungs for its purification. 
Poisonous carbonic acid is formed in the 
blood by the healthy and natural action 
of the organism, and must be expelled 
by the act of breathing. This is God’s 
appointed way of keeping our blood 
pure. If we stop breathing we retain 
this carbonic acid in the system and five 
minutes accumulates enough to poison 
our blood and stop the whole machinery 
of life. 
Hence all affections of the lungs are 
serious because they diminish the purity 
of our blood and in the same proportion 
injure our general health. Take for 
example a cold which inflames the air 
passages and tubes of the lungs, swells 
their mucous lining, contracts the size 
of the tubes through which we breathe, 
and obstructs them by viscid secretions 
of mucous. As we cannot breathe 
through tubes that are narrowed or 
obstructed by mucous as well as through 
those that are open and free, so every 
cold while it lasts lessens our breathing 
according to its severity and in the 
same' degree diminishes the purity of 
our blood, hurts our circulation, clogs 
the action of the heart, and irritates the 
brain and nervous system. 
Every disease which injuriously affects 
our lungs begins first in the mucous lin¬ 
ing of the air passages—nose, throat, 
and bronchial tubes. This membrane is 
exposed to every change in the tempera¬ 
ture of the air and to smoke, gas, dust, 
and all irritating and noxious matters 
floating in it, which all act directly 
on the breathing organs. 
Oft-repeated and long-continued irri¬ 
tation of the mucous membrane gradu¬ 
ally develops into a chronic bronchitis— 
a condition of the lungs full of interest 
because so often mistaken and so liable 
to be mistaken for consumption, the 
most dreaded of lung diseases. 
(Signed) Robert Hunter, M.D., 
Specialist of Throat and Lung Diseases, 
117 West Forty-fifth Street, New York. 
NOTE.—Readers of The Rural New- 
Yorker, who desire to know more about 
the treatment of lung complaints will 
receive Dr. Hunter’s books giving all 
particulars, free, by applying to him at 
117 West Forty-fifth Street, N. Y.— Adv. 
The best Horse-power, 
Fanning-mill, Feed-mill, 
Hye-tlirosher, Land-rol¬ 
ler, Dog-power, Steam- 
engine, Clover-huller. 
Saw-machine (circular A 
- 1 _. , ^^drag), S weep-power, 
Fodder and Ensilage Cutter, Round-silo, 
Ceo. D. Harder, Manufacturer, Coblesklll, N.Y. 
MV' Please tell what you wish to purchase. 
Established 1875. 
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO., 
Commission Merchants and Dealers In all kinds of 
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Butter. Eggs, Cheese, 
Poultry. Foreign and Domestic Fruits. Consignments 
solicited 34 & 3(5 Little lath St., New York. 
GARNER & CO., 
Produce Commission Merchants, 
S44 WASHINGTON STREE'l, NEW YORK. 
We have an extra demand for CHOICE CREAMERY 
BUTTER, CHOICE CHEESE and FANCY LEGHORN 
EGGS. Shipping Cards and Stencils on application 
Reference: Gansevoort Bank. 
WM. H. COHEN & CO., 
Commission Merchants, 
229 and 231 Washington Street, New York. 
OUR SPECIALTIES: 
Game, 
Poultry, 
| Mushrooms, 
Furs, 
Calves, 
Nuts, 
Ginseng, 
Spring Lambs, 
1 Live Quail. 
FRUITS 
VEGETABLES, 
PRODUCE. 
We receive and sell. In car-loads or smaller lots, all 
Products Of the GARDEN. ORCHARD, DAIRY, 
HENNERY and FARM. Market Reports, References 
etc., free upon application. Address 
No. 811 Liberty Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. 
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