1897 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
765 
Science from the Stations. 
(CONTINUED.) 
tains a small germ with a quantity of 
food (mostly starch) packed around it. 
Nature intended that the seed should 
live and feed on this starch until the 
plant is large enough to reach out with 
its roots and leaves and take care of it¬ 
self. Of course, this food in the seed 
must be soluble and digested so that the 
little plant may use it. Who would feed 
corned beef and cabbage to a baby 48 
hours old ? Old King Herod might, but 
no one else 1 The baby and the plantlet 
must have soluble or digested food right 
at hand. 
Old seeds—dry and low in vitality— 
often fail to “ sprout.” One reason is 
that the little germ has nothing to live 
on. It starts and starves as a baby 
would if given a big ham bone to suck 
“Modified milk” and partly-digested 
cereals or malt keep the baby fat and 
thriving. Why not help the little seed 
germs by partly digesting the starch in 
their storehouse ? That is the question 
Prof. Waugh undertook to answer. Solu¬ 
tions of pepsin, diastase and other sub¬ 
stances were made. Seeds of various 
sorts were soaked in these solutions and 
then planted or started in a germinating 
tester. 
Briefly stated, these results indicate 
that seeds soaked in this way often give 
better results than similar seeds with¬ 
out soaking. A larger number of the 
seeds sprout, and the young plants are 
more vigorous. Tomato seeds seem to 
respond especially well. Some of the 
seeds used in this test were 12 years old. 
Diastase seems to be most useful. Prof. 
Waugh is conservative, and is not pre¬ 
pared yet to make positive statements 
about this matter ; but when one looks 
at it fairly, the thing seems perfectly 
reasonable, and we believe that some¬ 
thing of considerable value to gardeners 
will come from it. 
The Michigan Experiment Station 
(Agricultural College) has issued Bul¬ 
letin 146, which gives an interesting ac¬ 
count of bacteria in the dairy and the 
Pasteurizing of milk. This will be very 
useful to read in connection with Mr. 
Van Wagenen’s interesting articles. 
The Ohio Experiment Station (Woos¬ 
ter) issues two newspaper bulletins. One 
contains an analysis of sugar beets grown 
in Ohio. Those who are interested in 
beet-sugar culture will do well to obtain 
these figures for comparison. Another 
bulletin states that the Station has pub¬ 
lished pamphlets on the San Jos6 scale, 
also, the 17-year locust. Insects that 
affect clover seed in Ohio, have also been 
discussed, and there has been published 
a special bulletin for the children en¬ 
titled, Story of the Lives of a Butterfly 
and a Moth. 
Bulletins 61 and 62 of the Wisconsin 
Station (Madison) discusses the milk 
problem from different points of view. 
In number 61, Dr. S. M. Babcock, the 
originator of the celebrated Babcock test, 
describes the constitution of milk with 
special reference to cheese production. 
Dairy students will be much interested 
in what Dr. Babcock has recorded here, 
and perhaps the most interesting part 
of the whole thing, is the discussion of 
the conditions which affect the composi¬ 
tion of milk. There are six chief causes 
for milk variations. The individuality 
and breed of the cow have much to do 
with it, and so has the period of lactation. 
The interval between milking, also reg¬ 
ulates, to some extent, the per cent of 
fat in the milk. But little difference 
has been found between morning and 
evening milk, except when the cows are 
milked at irregular periods. The method 
of milking sometimes affects the com¬ 
position, and as is well known, the more 
nervous a cow is, the more marked is 
the change. When cows are chased by 
dogs, or excited in any other way, a 
marked effect is to be noted in the qual¬ 
ity of the milk. As most dairymen know, 
the strippings are richer than the first 
milk ; therefore, the whole milk will be 
richer when the cows are milked clean. 
As regards the effect of food on the com¬ 
position of milk, Dr. Babcock agrees 
with most scientists that, generally 
speaking, the ration has little to do with 
the quality. Practical men generally 
disagree with the scientists on this ques¬ 
tion, but the scientists seem to have the 
fact and argument on their side. Bul¬ 
letin 62 discusses tainted or defective 
milk, giving the causes and the best 
methods of prevention. This bulletin is 
written by Prof H L. Russell, and ought 
to be read in connection with Mr. Van 
Wagenen’s articles by all who are in¬ 
terested in the preservation of pure 
milk. 
Bulletin 49 of the West Virginia Sta¬ 
tion (Morgantown) contains a report of 
the experiments with vegetables made 
by the horticulturist, Prof. Corbett. Con¬ 
siderable space is given to a discussion 
of Bush Lima beans, and Prof. Corbett 
believes that the Bush Limas may, in 
many cases, take the place of the pole 
variety. He believes that the Bush Lima 
may be grown much farther north than 
the pole Lima. Some of the experiments 
with tomatoes are very interesting, in¬ 
deed. One good point in it is the fact 
that extra care given young tomato 
plants before planting in the garden, 
will increase the yield. That is on the 
same principle as the well-known fact 
that young animals well fed and cared 
for before being left to shift for them¬ 
selves, show the effect of this care 
all through their lives. Those who 
are interested in tomato culture, espec¬ 
ially, will do well to read Prof. Corbett’s 
bulletin. 
A Valuable List of Fruits —One of 
the most creditable publications of a 
pomological nature that has been issued 
from the Government press in recent 
years, is the Catalogue of Fruits, pre¬ 
pared by Mr. T. T. Lyon, of Michigan, 
as chairman of the American Pomologi¬ 
cal Society. It is sold for five cents. It 
should be in the hands of every thought¬ 
ful fruitgrower. All nurserymen should 
have it, and use the names of fruits as 
therein given. Pomologists will not need 
to be reasoned with as to the benefi ts to be 
derived from a perusal of the contents of 
this little pamphlet when they know what 
they are. There are lists of all species 
of fruits grown in the United States,from 
the cranberry to the banana. These lists 
contain the best varieties for each sec¬ 
tion. There are districts mapped out, 
that are far more reasonably arranged 
than the old plan of following State 
lines, in recommending varieties for 
planting. The idea has been to shorten 
and simplify the names of varieties, and 
some of the old ones are somewhat 
changed, but in nearly all cases for the 
better. There are a few mistakes, ac¬ 
cording to my opinion, but none that 
is serious. h. e. van deman. 
HINDSIGHT. 
REVIEW OF THE WEEK'S MARKETS 
On Monday, the wheat market took a down¬ 
ward turn because of lower prices in England, 
larger shipments from other producing coun¬ 
tries, and larger receipts as well as better crop 
prospects in the West. Under these lower prices, 
exporters began to buy heavily, and large quan¬ 
tities were sold during Tuesday and Wednesday. 
It was reported on Wednesday that the foreign 
buying of wheat was the heaviest on this market 
in six weeks, and freight engagements were the 
largest of any day during the handling of this 
present crop. On Wednesday, prices began to 
advance because of the report of heavy damage 
by frost in Argentina, but on Thursday, this re¬ 
port was contradicted, and then prices broke 
again. Thus we see how every pretext is seized 
upon by speculators to force prices up and down, 
as may be to their interest. Not only are actual 
conditions used for this purpose, but false reports 
and telegrams are often brought into play to the 
same effect. Corn has followed wheat quite 
closely during the week, although the receipts of 
corn are considerably lighter. Oats, barley and 
rye have, also, been selling freely, but prices have 
declined somewhat. A cable report from Rus¬ 
sia says that there is no damage to wheat in the 
north, and but slight damage in the south. The 
Government report on the corn crop in this coun¬ 
try is generally discredited here, as it is thought 
that it gives the yield altogether too high. Copious 
rains throughout the regions affected by drought, 
have materially improved the outlook for wheat. 
Receipts of poultry have been liberal, although 
in choice dressed poultry, there is only a moder¬ 
ate supply. The price of live poultry continues 
low, while there has been some advance in 
dressed poultry. Strictly fresh eggs are ex¬ 
tremely scarce, and the best grades of others are 
in fair supply. The tendency of prices is up¬ 
ward. There is only a moderate supply of 
dressed calves, and the market is steady, with 
prices well sustained. The market for pork is 
yet limited, and receipts sell slowly, with no ad¬ 
vance in prices. 
Receipts of apples have been liberal, and some 
fancy grades have sold for extremely high prices. 
There is a fair demand now for fancy pears, also 
for fancy grapes, while the lower grades of these 
are in large supply. Dried fruits, also, are 
plentiful and the demand is light. 
Receipts of potatoes are moderate, and the 
market is firm, with a good demand. There have 
been some imports of German potatoes, and 
these are selling for fairly good prices. Sweet 
potatoes are doing considerably better, and the 
best qualities of most other vegetables are not in 
large supply and are selling well. 
While butter receipts have been comparatively 
light, the market is dull, and lower prices pre¬ 
vail on some grades. There is no surplus of 
fancy butter of the different brands. 
MARKETS. 
Saturday. November 13, 1897. 
BEANS AND PEAS. 
Beam, Marrow, 1897, oholoe.1 30@ — 
Medium, 1897. oholoe.1 17@1 20 
Pea, 1891, choice.1 06@1 07 
Medium or Pea, common to good. 90@1 10 
White Kidney, oholoe.1 35@ — 
Red Kidney, 1897, choice.1 27@1 30 
Red Kidney, common to good. 93@1 26 
Yellow Eye oholoe.I 33@1 35 
Lima. Cal., 760 lbs).1 30@l 32 
Green peas, Scotch, 1896, bDls., per bushel... 90® — 
Bags, per busbel. 86® — 
BUTTHR—NEW. 
Creamery. Western, extras, per lb .23 @— 
Womern, nrits.19 @21 
Western, seoonds.17 ®18 
Western, thirds.14 ®16 
State, finest.22 @22)4 
State, thirds to firsts.14 ®21 
State dairy, half-firkin tabs, fanoy.19 @20 
First*.16 @18 
Seoonds.14 @16 
Welsh tubs, fanoy.19 @19*4 
Welsh tabs, seoonds to firsts.14 @17)4 
Western imitation oraamery, extras .16 @i7 
Firsts.13 @14 
Seoonds.11*4312 
Western factory, extra.12)4313 
Firsts.12 @12)4 
Seconds . 11 @ 11)4 
Thirds. 9 @10)4 
CHEESE—NEW. 
State, full cream, large, oholoe. . 8 @ 8)4 
Fair to good. 7)4® 7% 
Part skims, good to prime. 6 @ 6)4 
Part skims, oommon to fair. 4 @4)4 
Full skims.3 @3)4 
EGGS. 
Near-by,new laid,fanoy, seleoted,per do* 25 9 — 
State&Penn.,country marks,aver’ge best 22 @ 23 
Western, oholoe. 22 @ 
Other Western, fair to good, 30 doz case. 3 00 @4 50 
Western dirties, 30 doz case.3 00 @3 45 
Western ohecks. oer 30-doz case.2 10 @2 40 
Refrigerator, fall packed, per doz. 14 @ 19 
Early packed, per doz. 12)4® 14)4 
Limed, Western prime, per doz.. 13 @ 14 
FRUITS—DRIED. 
Apples, evaporated, fanoy, per lb. 8%@ 9 
Choloe, per lb. 8)4@ 8)4 
Prime, per lb. 7 )$@ 8 
Common to good, per lb. 6 @ 7)4 
Sundrled, siloed. 3 @ 4)4 
Sundried. Canada, quarters, ,897. 5 @6 
State & Western, quarters. 1897. 4 @6)4 
Southern, quarters, 1897 . 3 @4)4 
Chopped, 1897, per 100 lbs.2 50@2 87 
Cores and skins. 1897, per 100 lb.2 60@2 87 
Cherries, 1897, per lb. 12@13 
Blackberries, 1897, per lb. 4 @ 4)4 
Raspberries, evaporated, 1897, per lb.13S4@14 
Sundrled, per lb.10 @11 
HuokleberTles, 1897, per lb . 6 @ 7 
FRUIT3—GREEN. 
Apples, fancy red, hand-picked, d. h.. bbl..2 50@4 00 
Newtown Pippin, fancy . 3 0l@5 60 
Greening, perbbl.1 50@3 01 
Ben Davis, per bbl. ,1 50@3 00 
Baldwin, hand-picked, per bbl.1 50@3 00 
20-oz Pippin, hand-picked, per bbl.1 75@2 25 
Northern Spy, per d. h bbl.1 60@3 CO 
King, per bbl.2 26@3 60, 
Common, per bbl. 75@1 60 
Pears, deckel, per bbl .3 00@6 00 
Boso, per bbl.1 5 r @4 00 
Anjou, per bbl.1 25@2 00 
Keiffe-, per bbl. .1 C0@2 60 
Clalrgeau, per bbl.1 76@2 60 
Cooking varieties, per bbl. 50@1 60 
Grapes, State Delaware, per small basket.. 8@ 15 
State Niagara, per small basket. 8@ 12 
State black, per small basket. 63 8 
State Catawba, per basket. 7® 8 
Wine-in bulk, Delaware. 1)4@ 1 -4 
Wine-in bulk, white. 1 ® I'j 
Wine -In bulk, black. 1@ 1)4 
Cranberries, Cape Cod, per bbl.4 00@7 bu 
Per crate.1 60@2 25 
Jersey, per c-ate.1 26@1 75 
Jersey, per bbl.4 50@5 76 
Oranges, Fla., per box.. 3 C0@4 00 
Grape fruit, Fla., per box.6 00@7 00 
Quinces, per bbl.1 25@3 (10 
GAME. 
English snipe, per doz.. 1 26@1 60 
Golden plover, per doz. 1 26@t 60 
Grass plover, per doz.1 00@1 60 
Wild ducks, canvas, per pair.2 00@2 50 
Red heads, per pair.1 00@1 50 
Mallards, per pair. 60® 75 
Teal, bine wing, per pair. 3i@ 40 
Teal, green wing, per pair. 20® 25 
Common, per pair. 20® 25 
Woodcock, average, per pair. 76@ — 
Partridges, per pair. 1 00@ — 
Grouse, per pair. 60@1 00 
Rabbits, per pair. 26® — 
Venison, saddles, fresh, per lb. 14© 18 
GRASS SEED. 
Clover, per 100 lb*. 5 00@ 6 25 
Timothy. 2 75® 3 26 
HAY AND STRAW. 
Hay, No. 1 new Timothy, per 100 lbs.65 @70 
No. 2.65 @60 
NO. 3. 45 @50 
Shipping.40 @45 
Clover, mixed. 41 @52 
Clover...40 @46 
Salt. 35 @46 
Straw, long rye.40 @65 
Short rye.35 @40 
Tangled rye .30 @40 
Oat.. @35 
Wheat.. @36 
HOPS. 
N. Y. State, orop of 1897.14 @18 
Crop of 1896, choiae. 7 @8 
Medium to prime. 6)4@ 7 
Old olds. 2 @4)4 
Paolflo Coast, orop of 1897.14 @18 
Crop Of 1896, oholoe. 9 @10 
Crop of 1896, medium to prime. 6 @ 7)4 
German, 1896 .18 @23 
MEATS-DRESSE O. 
Veals, country dressed, prime, per lb. . 10 ® 10)4 
Common to good, per lb. 8 @ 10 
Buttermilks, oer lb. 6 @ 7 
Grassers, per lb. 5 @ 6 
Small, per lb. 6)4@ 7 
Pork, country dressed,60 to 80 lb»., per lb 6 @ 6)4 
80 to 120 lbs., per lb. 5)4@ 6 
125 lbs and up, per lb . 4 @ 5 
Roasting pigs, 10 to 30 lbs each, per lb.. 8 @ 10 
NUTS. 
Peanuts, Va., h. p., fanoy, per lb. 4 @ — 
H. p., extra, per lb. 3 @ 8)4 
8helled, No. 1, per lb. 3 @ 3)4 
No. 2, per lb. 2)4@ — 
Spanish, shelled, new. No. 1, per lb .. 4 @ — 
Hlckorynuts, new. per bushel of 60 lbs. .1 00 @1 50 
Chestnuts, per bushel.3 60 @7 00 
POTATOES. 
Long Island, per bbl.2 25@2 50 
Jersey, per bbl.1 75@2 25 
Western New York, per bbl.1 87@2 37 
Jersey Sweet, per bbl..2 00@2 60 
Vineland, fancy, per bbl.2 00@3 26 
POULTRY—LIVE. 
Spring ohlokens, per lb. 
Fowls, looal, per lb. 
Western, per lb. 
Southern, per lb. 
Roosters, old, per lb. 
Turkeys, mixed, per lb. 
Ducks, looal, per pair. 
Western, per pair. 
Southern, per pair.. 
Geese, looal, per pair. 
Western, per pair. 
Southern, per pair. 
Pigeons, old, per pair. 
Young, per pair. 
DRESSED POULTRY. 
Turkeys, old average lots, per lb. 
Spring, dry picked, per lb. 
Spring, scalded, per lb. 
Chlckess, Phlla., fancy . 
Phlla., fair to good, per lb. 
Western, per lb.. 
Fowls, State & Penn., good to prime... 
Western, prime, per lb. 
Western, scalded. 
Old cooks, per lb. 
Ducks. Eastern spring, per lb. 
Western spring, per lb. 
Geese, Eastern, white. 
Eastern, dark. 
Western, prime. 
Inferior. 
Squabs, tame, white, per doz. 
Mixed lota, per doi. 
Dark and poor, oer doz. 
VEGETABLES 
Cabbage Jersey and L. I., per 1U0. 
State, per 100. 
Red, per bbl. 
Cauliflower, per bbl. 
Celery, fanoy, large, per doz. 
8mall to medium, per doz. 
Cucumbers. Florida, per crate. 
Egg plant. Fla., per bbl. 
Lettuoe, Boston, per doz. 
Looal, per bbl. 
Onions. Orange County red, per bag... 
Orange County yellow, per bbl. ... 
Orange County white, per bbl. 
Jersey white, per bbl. 
Eastsrn white, oer bbl. 
Parsley and Leeks, per 100. 
Peas, Va., per X-bbl basket. 
N. C., per bushel basket. 
Squash, marrow, per bbl. 
Hubbard, per bbl. 
String beans, Va., per )4-bbl basket... 
Tomatoes, Jersey, per box. 
Turnips, Russian, per bbl. 
. 7)4@ 8 
. 8 @ 8)4 
. 8 @ 8)4 
.89- 
. 4 @ 4)4 
.. 10 O 11 
. 60 9 75 
. 60 @ 65 
. 40 @ 50 
.1 00 @1 37 
.1 00 @1 25 
. 75 @1 00 
. 20 @ 25 
. 15 @ 20 
10 9 11 
10 a 13 
10 @ 12 
12 @ 14 
10 @ 12 
. 8)4@ 10 
. 8)43 9 
. 8)4® 9 
. 7)49 8)4 
. 6 ‘4 9 6 
. 12)4® 13 
. 8 @ — 
. 14 @ 15 
. 12 © 13 
. 8 @ 9 
. 5 @ 7 
.2 25 @ — 
.1 76 @2 00 
.1 25 9 — 
3 00@4 00 
.2 60@3 60 
. 75@1 00 
66@2 00 
26@ 36 
. 10 ® 20 
1 00® 1 76 
6 00@7 00 
. 30® 36 
. 7601 50 
.1 50@2 25 
.1 2691 76 
1 60@3 00 
.1 50@3 60 
2 00@6 00 
1 00 ® — 
1 00@2 00 
, 30@ 75 
1 00 ® 1 25 
1 2591 50 
16@ 40 
50@1 CO 
509 75 
WOOL. 
Ohio and Pennsylvania, XXX. 
XX and above. 
X. 
.32 @38 
.31 @32 
26 @- 
Miohlgan, X and above.26 @— 
NO. 1.23 @29 
Texas, scoured basis, spring, fine. 68 @55 
Spring, med. 47 @48 
Fall, fine. 44 945 
California, scoured basis, spring. Northern .48 @63 
Southern. 47 @53 
Fall. 36 @44 
Oregon, scoured basis, Eastern. 42 @64 
Valley. 40 @47 
Territory 8taple, scoured basis.49 @68 
MILK AND CREAM 
The total dally supply has been 22,004 cans of milk, 
160 cans of oondensed milk and 411 cans of cream. 
The Milk Exchange price has been 2)4 cents a quart 
net to the shipper._ 
The Most Simple and Safe Remedy for a 
Cough or Throat Trouble is “Brown’s Bronchial 
Troches .” They possess real merit.— Adv. 
■Ml 11 | ET D Raspberry Plants, large stock 
I™ I mm k Km l\ and low prices All good kinds 
of Berry Plants now ready. Strawberry Plants our 
specialty. SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover. Del. 
FRUITS 
VEGETABLES, 
PRODUCE. 
We reoelve and sell, In oar-loads or smaller lots, all 
Prodnots of the GARDEN, ORCHARD, DAIRY, 
HENNERY and FARM. Market Reports, References 
etc., free npon application. Address 
No. 611 Liberty Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. 
SOMERS. BROTHER & CO. 
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & CO.. 
Produce Commission Merchants, 
BUTTER, EGGS AND POULTRY, 
284 Washington Street. New York. 
Dressed Meats: 22, 24 and 26 Grace Avenue West 
Washington Market. 
Live Stock: Union Stock Yards, foot of West 60th St 
Refer to Irving National Bank. 
Established 1875. 
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO., 
Commission Merchants and Dealers In all kinds of 
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Butter, Eggs, Cheese, 
Poultry. Foreign and Domestic Fruits. Consignments 
solicited 34 & 36 Little 12th St., New York. 
WM. H. COHEN & CO., 
Commission Merchants, 
229 and 231 Washington Street, New York. 
OUR SPECIALTIES: 
Game, 
Poultry, 
| Mushrooms, 
ITurs, 
Calves, 
Nuts, 
Ginseng, 
| Spring Lambs, | 
I Live Quail. 
GARNER & CO., 
Produce Commission Merchants, 
844 WASHINGTON STREE1, NEW YORK. 
We hare an extra demand for CHOICE CREAMERY 
BUTTER, CHOICE CHKK8E and FANCY LEGHORN 
EGGS. Shipping Cards and Stencils on application 
Reference: Gansevoort Bank. 
