798 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
December 4 
BACTERIA AND THEIR RELATION TO 
THE CARE OF M/LX AND CREAM. 
Part V. 
The advantages of Pasteurization are 
the greater degree of safety with which 
milk can be shipped and distributed to 
customers, and the, perhaps, generally 
sentimental advantage that it is free 
from germs of disease. A very little 
knowledge will convince any one of 
what a hypothetical question the con¬ 
tracting of any disease from milk is. 
The possibility of it is not denied, and 
there is evidence to show that some out¬ 
breaks of typhoid fever may have origi¬ 
nated from polluted water used in wash¬ 
ing cans. But, probably, most of these 
reports are to be attributed to newspaper 
reporters with, perhaps, a pig-headed 
board of health ; yet, if the solemn as¬ 
surance that Pasteurized milk contains 
no germs of disease will gain any more 
trade or a larger price, it is a very harm¬ 
less fad to be gratified. 
There is no room to question the great 
increase in the keeping qualities of milk 
from Pasteurization. From some personal 
experiments, it hardly seems that the 
dairy writers state the case strongly 
enough. Pasteurized milk will keep at 60 
degrees from two to three times as long as 
the same milk without Pasteurization. 
Where Pasteurization is done on a com¬ 
mercial scale, some special apparatus 
will be necessary, and many forms of 
these have been devised. There are 
several problems to be met. The most 
important of these are moderate cost, 
economy of operation, efficiency and 
ease of cleaning in every part. All Pas¬ 
teurizing outfits belong to one of two 
general classes : First, those where a 
body of milk is all brought to a certain 
heat, held there for a few minutes, and 
then all cooled together, generally in 
the same vessel in which the heating 
took place. This class consists of an 
inner tin receptacle provided with agi¬ 
tators, and surrounded with a space 
which can be filled with hot or cold 
water at pleasure. The work done by 
this style of apparatus is excellent. The 
second class of Pasteurizers are what 
might be called continuous machines, in 
which the cold milk entering is made to 
flow over a heated surface, in a thin 
sheet and cooled by a similar exposure 
to a cold surface. The heated surface 
may be the outside of a revolving drum, 
or inside of a revolving inverted cone, or 
various mechanical devices for reaching 
the same result. Undoubtedly, for large 
operations, this continuous principle is 
to be preferred. It is said, however, 
that there are serious difficulties in prac¬ 
tice. It must always be remembered 
that it is an absolute necessity, for any 
successful Pasteurizing apparatus, that 
no part of the milk be heated to more 
than 160 degrees, and that every portion 
reach at least 150 degrees. In the one 
case, a cooked taste may result and in 
the other, the Pasteurization will be in¬ 
complete. It is furthermore of import¬ 
ance that the reduction of temperature 
from 120 to 50 degrees be made as rap¬ 
idly as possible, because, within these 
limits, any spores not killed will very 
rapidly begin active life again. Pas¬ 
teurization without a reduction to a low 
temperature at once, is of very little use. 
It is a greater problem so far as 
trouble and expense are concerned, to 
cool the milk than it is to heat it. An 
abundant supply of water, even at sum¬ 
mer temperatures, will be a great help, 
because the first SO or 90 degrees of heat 
can be removed by the water alone, 
thus saving so much ice. The ease with 
which every part of a Pasteurizing ap¬ 
paratus can be reached in cleaning is of 
great importance, the more because 
some albumen will generally coagulate 
on the sides and have to be removed by 
direct scrubbing. 
There is hardly time in this article to 
touch upon the theory and practice of 
Pasteurizing cream for butter making, 
as is done to a limited extent in this 
country and very generally in Denmark. 
For commercial milk handling, there is 
no doubt that the idea is entirely feas¬ 
ible. It remains to be seen whether it 
will ever become the general dairy 
practice. jabed van wagenen jr. 
FORKFULS OF FACTS. 
The American Guernsey Cattle Club meets at 
the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, December 8. 
The secretary is W. H. Caldwell, Peterboro, N. H. 
The National Stock Growers’ Association 
meets at Denver, Col, Janury 25-27, 1898. All the 
stock growers’ associations in the United States 
are to be asked to send delegates, and breeders 
of fine stock, Government and State officials are 
to be invited to attend. The subjects of quaran¬ 
tine, diseases, feeding, shipping, commission, 
and all other subjects of interest to the various 
branches of the industry will be considered. 
The Live Stock Sanitary Board of Pennsylvania 
has decided to station at points throughout the 
State, inspectors to see that no infected cattle 
are admitted into Pennsylvania. Arrangements 
will be made with United States inspectors at 
different points outside of Pennsylvania, where¬ 
by they will inspect cattle about to be shipped 
into the State. Certificates will be given in cases 
where cattle are found healthy. The Board also 
decided to erect at the Veterinary Department of 
the University of Pennsylvania, a building for 
experiments in the diseases of cattle. 
The Holstein-Friesian Register says: “ The cow 
milker exhibited at the Iowa State Fair attracted 
a good deal of attention. The indications are 
that a very satisfactory milking machine will be 
placed on the market before long, and with its 
advent, the number of cows milked in the West 
will be greatly increased. The development of 
the dairy industry in the West has been much re¬ 
tarded by the disinclination of our farmers to do 
the milking, and by the difficulty experienced in 
securing competent help. When the milking can 
be done by machinery, this trouble will be over¬ 
come, and the number of large dairies where 50 
to 100 cows are milked regularly, will be much 
increased.” We have our doubts about the 
milker, but there can be no question about the 
effect such a milker would have on the dairy in¬ 
dustry of this country. It would mean death to 
tue datrymau of small capital. 
Sparrows Kill a Skunk— A writer in the 
Brooklyn Eagle tells this curious story: “ I was 
after rabbits, and was walking along near a rail 
fence when my attention was suddenly attracted 
by an immense swarm of sparrows which were 
flying from one side of the fence to the other, 
twittering with all their might. They were some¬ 
what above me, so, running up nearer, I tried to 
find the cause of the trouble. It showed itself in 
the shape of a large skunk, which was darting 
from one side of the fence to the other, the spar¬ 
rows following, picking at him savagely when 
they got the chance. They did not seem to mind 
my presence at all, and this dodging and attack¬ 
ing was kept up for about five minutes, when 
suddenly the skunk crossed to my side of the 
fence, and started across a big lot with the evi¬ 
dent intention of getting to a thick wood that lav 
on the other side. He had made, perhaps, half 
way, when the entire flock of sparrows, number¬ 
ing at least 300, pounced on him. The skunk 
fought well, but to no purpose, for in less than a 
minute he was torn to shreds.” The skunk was, 
probably, out of ammunition, or he would not 
have given up. 
Nature makes the cures 
after all. 
Now and then she gets 
into a tight place and needs 
helping out. 
Things get started in the 
wrong direction. 
Something is needed to 
check disease and start the 
system in the right direction 
toward health. 
Scott’s Emulsion of Cod- 
liver Oil with hypophos- 
phites can do just this. 
It strengthens the nerves, 
feeds famished tissues, and 
makes rich blood. 
50c. and $ 1.00 ; all druggists. 
SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, New York. 
THE GRANITE STATE 
MAPLE SAP EVAPORATOR 
.has for more than 21 years given entire satisfac¬ 
tion to all users. It is simple in oixiration, and 
tvith our automatic regulator is perfectly safe to ; 
leave. Each section is constructed from one sheet 
of tinned steel, requiring no solder to prevent 
leakage. The arch is constructed of east iron 
and galvanized steel, and made by the manu¬ 
facturers of the. 
Granite State Feed Cookers 
A sampleof the “Pearl” (tinned or galvanized 
after being made) steel Sap Sixjut will be sent *; 
FREE to any sugar maker who mentions this i 
aper and sends a 2e. stamp to nay postage. 
" .ousandsof these spouts are sold every year. 
ACTUAL SIZE 
3 ft. high 
43% in. wide 
8 to 16 ft. long 
If your hardware dealer does not keep them, we will send 1,000 spouts, with 
J hooks, for $12.50; 100 
Granite State Evaporator Go. for 50 8end for 
8-500 Temple Court, Hew York City 
catalogue of sugar- 
makers’ supplies, 
on application 
, free A 
COOK Your FEED and Save 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Emp¬ 
ties Its kettle in one minute. The 
simplest and best arrangement foi 
cooking food for stock. Also make 
Dairy and Uaundry Stoves, 
Water nnd Steam .Jacket Ket¬ 
tles, IT off Scalders, Caldrons, 
etc. I2T Send for circulars, 
D. R. SPERRY & Co., Batavia, 11L 
Feed Cookers and Tank Heatersi 
BEST AN D CHEAPE8T ON EARTH * 
Ask Youa Dual** oa 8 *hd to Us j 
for Circular. g 
F.conomy Hlfg. Co*, Homer, Mich. 
the FARQUHAR 
U * “ p A xENT VARIABLE 
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Medal and Highett Award at the World't Columbian 1Txpoiition, 
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BEST bBT-OKHSIK THE ‘TOBLD. Warrutedthe beat 
SMogis Hllii, Mactunerj and Standard Agricultural Imple 
menu of Seat Quality at koweat prtcea. Illustrated Catalogue 
FARQUHAR SEPARATOR 
LARGEST CAPACITY. 
Most economical, lightest draught 
wastes no grain. 'Cleans ready 
for market. Send fbr catalogue*. 
A. B. FABQCH A R CO., Ltd., York, Pa. 
THE LEFFELTnGINES 
ARE COOD ENCINES 
because they are made of the 
best material known, with the 
aery best workmanship procurable. 
Theyare Horizontal, 6 H. P. 
up; upright, 3 II. P. up: and 
Portable, 6tol2 H.P. These 
are ideal engines for faimuse 
good for running SEPARATOR. 
FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS. 
CORN SHELLER. FEED GRINOE/tS. 
WOOD SAWS, ETC. Send for Tree 
book oa Engines and Boilers. 
JAMES LEFFEL & CO., Box 1308, Springfield, 0 
UflDCC nniifCDC thrashers 
HU ndC rUnCnd, and cleaners 
WOOD SAWS. 
One&two-horse Thrashing outfits. Level fMITTCDO 
Tread, Pat. Governor, Feed and Ensilage tlU I I LI10 
ELLIS KEYSTONE AGR’L WORKS, Pottstown.Pa 
flAKE COWS PAY. 
Twenty cows and one Little Giant 
Separator will make 
more butter than 25 
cows and no Sepa¬ 
rator. Five cows will 
sell for from $200 to 
$300 and one Separa¬ 
tor will cost $125. 
Five cows will eat a 
lot of feed in a year, 
but a Separator will 
eat nothing. Moral : 
Make the dairy pay by using a Little 
Giant Separator. 
P. M. SHARPLES, 
Elgin, HI. West Cheater, Pa. 
Dubuque, la. 
Omaha, Neb. 
CREAM SEPARATORS. 
De Laval"Alpha '» and •* Baby " Separators. 
FIrsb-Best—Cheapest. All Styles—Sizes. 
Prices, $50 to $800. 
Save $10 per cow per year. Send for catalogue. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO., 
Randolph and Canal Sts., I 74 Cortlandt Street, 
CHICAGO. 
NEW YORK. 
FOD 
R CUTTER with Corn Stalk Crusher 
Tread Powers for 1, 2, 3 and 4 horses, 
liter level or regular tread; Sweep 
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Grinding 
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cultivators, 
_ _ ■washing ma¬ 
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andcatalogac. 8. 8. MESSINGEKA- SON. Tutumy, l*a- 
FARMERS 
are appreciating the 
Charter 6asollne Engine, 
STATIONARIES, 
PORTABLES AND TRACTION. 
PROOF by addressing 
Charter Gas Engine Co., Box 26, Sterling, III. 
Cider Machinery.—Bend for catalogue to Boomer A 
Boschert Press Co., 118 West Water 8t.. Syracuse,N.Y 
I Dl/kmcy $16.50. “Circulars Free.’ 
rlUWb H. PRAY, Clove, N.Y 
v 
A TYPEWRITER FOR $2. 
We think that this is one of the very best and most attractive premiums that 
we have ever been able to offer our readers for helping us introduce The R. N.-Y. 
to new subscribers. Before offering it, we ordered one and had it tried by a boy 
in the office, to see just what could be done with it without experience. The work 
was slow at first, but the 
operator gains speed with 
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experience, any one can 
write a letter on it that 
looks as well as if written 
on a $100 machine. It is 
very simple and strong, 
and, apparently, has nothing to get out of order. Business and professional men 
can use it in letter writing and preparing papers, and boys and girls will be 
charmed with it, and learn a style of letter writing that they will never get with 
pen and ink. It would make just the thing for a Christmas present. The price is 
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yearjto the new name, and the typewriter to you prepaid, so that the machine 
will cost you only $2. Or, we will send it prepaid for a club of six new subscrip¬ 
tions at$l each. THE RURALaNEW-YORKER, New York. 
