318 
RICHARD MIDDLETON. 
was of any avail, so the saw was again used at the shoulder. 
Attaching hooks to the shoulder blades, we drew the foal to¬ 
ward us, and so short was the foetus that we could leadily 
reach its tail, but its width far exceeded the transverse diam¬ 
eter of the dam’s pelvis. For four hours we worked at the 
removal of this, and finally succeeded, alter sawing the spinal 
column at three different places. 
We found every joint of foetus, from atlas to coccyx, an- 
chylosed, and the vertebral column to be transversely in the 
shape of the letter S, which caused the apparent great width. 
The scapulo-humeral and pelvic femoral articulations were 
also anchylosed, and all four limbs from hock and knees le- 
versed just as the other cases. 
This foal was sired by the dam’s own sire, 22 years of 
age. (Owner’s name, Jas. Pussinger, Washington C. H., Ohio). 
Here are four cases all exactly alike in one particular, and 
v all inbred alike. Not that these "four are all the monstrosities 
we have seen, but they are all in which the feet were reversed. 
We cannot say that we believe that the breeding was the 
cause of this effect, but did it not have something to do with 
it? I find on page402, Fleming’s Veterinary Obstetrics, some¬ 
thing like these cases, but nothing is said of the relationship 
of sire and dam. 
I have known a goodly number of premature births from 
such breeding, and would ask of you a good expiession of 
your views on the subject. 
OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOMALACIA. 
Translated by Riohakd Middleton, A.B., D.Y.S., Philadelphia, Pa. 
The condition known as osteoporosis has for many years 
been looked upon as a peculiar and separate affection of the 
compact tissue, principally of the long and of the elongated 
bones of the equine osteology. The pathological features of 
the disease are very suggestive of osteomalacia, and if they 
are not in every detail similar to those of this condition, 
they are also not sufficiently differentiated from them to 
create it an individual affliction. 
