386 
CLAUDE D. MORRIS. 
becoming gangrenous, with pneumonia extending to middle. 
On section showed points of breaking down, left lung hy¬ 
postatic, congestion with a commencing pneumonia in the 
lower part, with anterior lobes breaking down, pericardium 
slightly inflamed, endocardium normal, chicken fat clot in 
heart and aorta, abdominal normal but pale, anaemic. 
Dr. Ridge wanted to know what the Association thought 
caused the pneumonia, and how long could we have had the 
anterior lobes affected ; also what was the primary trouble, 
whether due to injury, breaking the hyoid of pharyngitis, 
ulcerating up the Eustachian tube ; whether the pneumonia 
could be caused by ergot constricting the blood vessels to 
such an extent as to produce gangrene, or whether due to 
entrance of blood, producing traumatic pneumonia. 
Dr. Hoskins thought it was due to low, weakened condi¬ 
tion of animal. Drs. Raynor and Hoskins thought it was 
originally an injury. 
TETANUS. 
By Claude D. Morris, Y.S., Bath, N. Y. 
(A Paper read before the New York State Veterinary Medical Association). 
Tetanus is a constitutional traumatic infective disease, act¬ 
ing upon the central nervous system, primarily, and which is 
clinically characterized by spasm and rigidity of definite mus¬ 
cular groups, as a physiological result of the ptomaines of 
bacillus tetani. 
Bacteriological studies and the classification of this disease 
as of an infectious character, is of recent date. In 1859 Betali 
related the case of a bull that died of tetanus after castration; 
several slaves ate of the flesh of the dead animal, and of these 
three were (in a few days) seized with tetanus, and two of 
them died. In 1870 Auger reported a case in which a horse 
has spontaneous tetanus, after which three puppies which 
had been in the stable were also affected. 
Larger, in 1853, saw a woman who had a fall while clean¬ 
ing a farm-yard, causing a slight wound of the elbow. Four 
