398 
REPORTS OF OASES. 
better than I can describe it. The following description was 
just before his destruction: Animal very much emaciated; 
standing quite firm on legs; top of dorsal vertebrae meas¬ 
ured fifteen hands and one-half of an inch from the ground ; 
when bought he measured sixteen hands and one inch high, 
thus showing a decrease of four and one-half inches in 
height; scapulae almost horizontal, thus neaily closing the 
scapulo-humeral angles; thoracic cavity sunken between fore 
extremities, so that the sternum is down to the lower half of 
the radius. From before, chest very hollow and sunken ; 
anterior extremity of sternum retracted; both scapulo-hum¬ 
eral articulations very much swollen, but not painful to the 
touch; the pectoral muscles are enlarged and very promi¬ 
nent; great serratus atrophied, as were also the olecranon 
muscles. Temperature ioo° F., pulse 90 and full, respira¬ 
tion about normal. When made to move does so quite easily 
with an occasional stumble. As all of us have a good gen¬ 
eral idea of the anatomy of the scapulo-humeral articulation, 
it will be unnecessary to say anything of its structure, so we 
will glance at the post-mortem and see how disease has 
changed the articulation to which we refer. 
The animal was cast and life was stolen from him by the 
pithing operation. The skin was laid back and the anterior 
extremities were removed. The great serratus muscles were 
very pale in color and soft in structure, as well as gieatly 
atrophied. The other muscles surrounding the articulation, 
except one which will be described later, were in normal 
position and structure. The ligaments binding the bones 
together were in position but were thickened, roughened, 
and of a dull, leaden hue. The synovial membrane was of 
the same color, but contained congested patches, showing the 
inflammatory process that had been going on; as a result of 
which thickening and roughening occurred. 
The articular cartilages were also of the same coloi and 
roughened, thickened, and ulcerated in several places. 
The neck of the scapula, instead of being smooth, as in 
health, was very much roughened by the ulcerative piocess, 
and by the exostoses thrown out. The coracoid process, 
