TETAIVCS. 
671 
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go, who have by my direction succeeded in getting all, but 
most especially the vaginal speculum, so light and convenient 
that its introduction and retention is borne without inconveni¬ 
ence by the most nervous of mares. 
The cervical speculum is used for intra-uterine examina¬ 
tions and should be introduced before the vaginal. 
The method of introducing the cervical speculum is as 
follows: the hand and arm well oiled is introduced and the 
cervix dilated, then thoroughly oil the speculum, introduce, 
and, by depressing the handles open the valves to a convenient 
width ; now introduce the vaginal speculum, having the mare 
in a convenient sunlight and the wide, brightly polished sin¬ 
gle valve will reflect ample light into the uterus for ordinary 
examinations ; should, however, a more minute examination 
be required, resort must be had to a small electric light of 
three or four candle power, (power furnished by a portable 
storage battery), which can be carried into the uterus with 
the applicator or applicator forceps. 
Foi the pui pose of faciliating the reflection of sunlight 
into the uterus it will be necessary to manipulate the cervical 
with the end of the vaginal speculum to the desired angle; 
this can, however, be more satisfactorily accomplished by se¬ 
curing the cervical speculum in the vulcellum forceps, thereby 
allowing perfect liberty of the vaginal speculum, consequently 
better light reflection. 
As time may permit, I will acquaint you with some other 
causes of sterility, some of them very rare and interesting, 
and report some cases treated during the last year. 
TETANUS, 
By G. Z. Barnes, D.V.M., Pekin, Ills. 
(A Paper read before the Illinois Veterinary Medical Association.) 
1 etanus may be defined as an extra-organismal infectious 
disease, characterized by a spasmodic contraction of the vol¬ 
untary muscles, with tension and rigidity of the parts affected. 
According to Williams, “as a generic term it comprehends 
