GENERAL PATHOLOGY OF ff SURRA ” IN ANIMALS. 587 
scribes a symptomatic type of this disease seen in dogs and 
cats, which was caused by an ankylostome producing anae¬ 
mia, and which is, without doubt, a similar disease to the 
symptomatic form of anaemia in man. Johne ( Sacks Jahres- 
bericht, 1884) saw this disease in the dog as a secondary affec¬ 
tion following a suppurative forth of disease. Imminger 
(Wochenschrift f. Thierheilkunde u. Vichzucht , 1886) has ob¬ 
served enzootic outbreaks of it in cattle. Frohnerf ( Archiv. 
f. Wiss . u. Prakt. Thierheilkunde, Bd. xii. 5 u. 6 Heft, 1886) 
describes having only recently seen this disease in the horse, 
and Friedberger ( Lehrbuch der spec. Pathol, u. Therapie der 
Hausthiere , vol. ii, 1887) also saw an outbreak of it in this 
animal, in which similar parasites were found. We know 
how severely animals suffer from the presence in the blood of 
other minute organisms. The strongylus tetracanthus gives 
rise to epizootic outbreaks of emaciation in horses in many 
districts of England (Gresswell, Manual of Equine Medicine, 
1885); the strongylus contortus has been known to produce a 
form of pernicious anasmia in the horse ( poikilocytose ) observed 
in Buenos Ayres (Wernicke, Duets. Zeits. f. Thiermed. u. vergl. 
Pathologie, 13 Bd., 2 u. 3 Heft, 1887); Texas fever of cattle has 
been shown to be due to a paroxysmal destruction of red 
corpuscles, caused by an intra-globular parasite which Dr. 
Theobald Smith thinks may be a phase in the life history of 
some of the mycetozoa, such as the monadineas, or it may be¬ 
long to the group of sporozoa, some of which are pronounced 
cell parasites. (Vet. Journ., March, 1890.) Whilst not only 
anasmia but liver disease and a form of dysentery are pro¬ 
duced by allied parasites in man (Leukhart, Fayrer, Kynsey 
and others.) 
One can hardly conceive that these organisms should ex¬ 
ist in the blood, in any numbers, without affecting it prejudi¬ 
cially, though we know the)' have been found in the blood of 
animals which were apparently healthy. Of course, it is dif¬ 
ficult to define any absolute standard of perfect health, and 
there may be a considerable amount of cachexia, even in ani- 
t Ueber perniciose Anamie beim Pferde, von Eugen Frohner, Berlin, 1886. 
