GENERAL PATHOLOGY OF U SURRA ” IN ANIMALS. 597 
which prevents the formation of resisting tissue around it, 
and often leads to perforations. The alimentary mucous 
membrane in general will be found to be in an anaemic con¬ 
dition, with petechiae and ulcerated spots the result of disin¬ 
tegration and atrophy. Although the tissues present a 
blanched appearance, there is a large deposit of fat all over 
the body, but especially noticeable under the skin. This 
gives to the tissues a peculiar jaundiced appearance, which 
is shown to be due to deposition of fat globules seen under 
the microscope. It is easy to understand how a process of 
abstraction of blood, a fluid rich in oxygen, by the parasites, 
would lead to the conversion of albuminoid tissue into fat. 
The lymphatic glands throughout the body are more or less 
swollen and cedematous. There is often acute dropsy, with 
no other post-mortem lesion save extreme anaemia and yellow- 
staining of the tissues due to fatty degeneration. The heart 
was found to be the seat of marked fatty changes in cases 
seen by Mr. Steel, and this is corroborated by the observa¬ 
tions of Frohner and other Continental writers. As the 
lymphatic glands supply lymph corpuscles to the blood, this 
may account for the excessive production of leucocytes, al¬ 
though how and in what way this extraordinary accumula¬ 
tion of leucocytes in the blood is produced in surra has not 
yet been clearly explained. 
The early symptoms of hepatitis present in surra, which 
is shown by jaundice of the visible mucous membranes, may 
be due to congestion of the liver caused by irritation of the 
worms in the biliary capillaries, leading to their rupture and 
consequent deposits in gland-substance. There is every reason 
to believe that when the liver has become so invaded, it is inca¬ 
pable not only of duly performing its own function of secret¬ 
ing bile, which is essential to proper digestion and health, 
but that it is an abiding pathological source of general jaun¬ 
dice, which, if not removed, may result in the gravest evils 
—blood disorganization, general anaemia, anasarca, etc. 
In those cases in which paralysis of the hinder quarters 
or other nervous symptoms are well marked, the grey-matter 
of the cord generally shows blood extravasations and stain- 
