GENERAL PATHOLOGY OF “ SURRA ” IN ANIMALS. 599 
proved by the discoveries of Klebs, Tommasi-Crudeli and 
other writers. 
But these inquiries must stand over at present, and we 
urgently want a practitioner of experience to stir up the faint¬ 
ing energies of our young veterinarians in India. That such a 
stimulus is greatly needed is clear from the literature of the 
disease and its present condition. We want readable disser¬ 
tations on its clinical characteristics, general pathology or 
treatment and prevention, of value to the general practi¬ 
tioner. It is, I think, full time that we made some decided 
effort to save from extinction what was known of the disease 
in the past and which, under careful record, might take an 
important partin the scientific studies of the subject of surra 
in India. 
Conclusion :— 
1. That surra is malarial fever among horses, and has a 
mild and a severe form. 
2. It appears most frequently in the pernicious form in 
India. The influence of high annual temperature in produc¬ 
ing more pernicious forms of malaria is well known. 
3. In the mild, as well as in the severe form, treatment, 
unless early carried out, proves of little avail. 
4. Preventive measures, and particularly protective in¬ 
oculation, should be adopted in preference for animals. 
5. We know that the disease is taken into the body by 
the mouth or by inoculation, and that it is not infectious. 
(Evans.) 
6. That it is given out of the body by the excretions, 
but particularly by the faeces and urine. Hence grounds 
exposed to affected animals should not be used for grass- 
cutting in India. 
7. Feeding on grass secured from lowlands and lands 
uncultivated and undrained for any lengthened period, and 
the drinking of fouled, stagnant, marshy water, being some of 
the more direct agencies that in the popular opinion produce 
this disease, attention should be directed to prophylactic and 
preventive measures. 
8. Climate and soils favorable to the growth of malarial 
organisms should always be avoided. 
