VETERINARY SANITARY SCIENCE. 
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meat was perfectly fit for human food, he could give no clear 
explanation of his actions but could only say that he held them 
for post-mortem examination, although he did not himself 
make such post-mortems, nor did he personally know that 
such examinations were made. 
G. G. Heeps, a “ country cow doctor,” from Annaman, 
Ill., was called to support Dr. Hickman’s theories as to the 
disease, his evidence developing nothing material over 
that of Dr. H. Dr. Vogel of Chicago, who represented 
himself as a graduate of Vienna and Munich veterinary 
schools and with a practical experience of over fifty years, 
fully substantiated Dr. Hickman’s position, and said (through 
an interpreter) that no matter how large the actinomycotic 
tumors, nor how great the suppuration or decomposition, the 
meat of the animal, except the tumor itself, was perfectly fit 
for human food. This, he said, was the opinion of the best 
German authorities, and when pressed on cross-examination 
for the names of his authorities he cited Friedberger and 
Frohner s Spec. Path, and Therap., and these authors he 
was forced to admit described actinomycosis as an infectious 
disease. There seemed to be a total want of abhorrence in 
his nature for any diseased or decomposing meat, to such an 
extent that his evidence was repulsive to every one. 
Dr. O. Schwartzkopff, a graduate of Berlin veterinary 
high school and now dean of the veterinary department of the 
University of Minnesota, said that actinomycosis was not con¬ 
tagious but could be transmitted from animal to animal ex- 
perimently, bnt that while experimental inoculation would 
produce the disease, accidental inoculation (even in same 
parts) would not transmit it. The actinomyces were too 
large to pass through the capillaries, hence could not be dis¬ 
seminated by means of the circulation. The disease does not, 
according to his researches, affect the meat of the animal, but 
only the head and neighboring lymphatic glands. He had 
not seen it in the muscles or spleen. Upon being shown 
Ponfick’s “ Aktinomykose des Menschen ” with colored plates 
showing the disease in muscles of heart and in the spleen, he 
admitted that it did occur in those parts and that there was 
