PNEUMONITIS. 
653 
The animal is noticed to be drowsy and cold, and refuses 
to eat, although it drinks freely and frequently. There may 
be a distinct rigor, and this is followed very frequently by a 
high fever, with all the characteristics which that term en¬ 
genders. The animal refuses to lie down, and moves slowly 
and in an apathetic manner around its stall, occasionally taking 
a mouthful of food without seeming to relish it. The animal’s 
general appearance is indicative of the feverish condition he 
is in. 
Physical examination shows the temperature ranges from 
I02 q to io6° F., or even higher; pulse full, bounding and run¬ 
ning from 60 to So per minute; respiration, while not much 
impaired in the early stage, is vastly increased and in direct 
ratio to the lung area affected in the later stages. Percussion 
shows slight dullness in the beginning, then well marked dull¬ 
ness, followed by absolute flatness. Auscultation is the most 
valuable of all the means at our command. During the first 
stages we have loss of normal vesicular murmurs; this is due 
to the congestion of the lungs, and if the disease be not 
checked we can soon detect the presence of rales. Rales are 
of several different kinds, and are produced by air passing 
through and between surfaces which are prone to stick to¬ 
gether. We say that if the case be seen early enough we 
will get sub-crepitant rales; if later on, the rales will be crepi¬ 
tant. As the lungs become pretty well filled up with the 
inflammatory exudate, the rales disappear altogether. With 
these symptoms present, we will be safe in saying we have 
a case of pneumonia on hand. 
The prognosis will depend to a great extent upon the time 
in which we see the animal, and to the surroundings. If we 
see the case early enough and the surrounding conditions are 
of a favorable nature, we may say that the prognosis is favor¬ 
able, at least, comparatively speaking. 
The successful management of pneumonitis is a problem 
that occupies to-day as prominent a position for scientific con¬ 
sideration and solution as it did years ago, notwithstanding 
our present superior knowledge of its morbid anatomy and 
the recent advances in general medical skill; and, indeed, 
