40 
GEORGE MULLER. 
diffusely-reddened swellings. Under others again small haemor¬ 
rhages into the corpus papillare may cause them to assume a vivid 
dark-red color. 
. In all animals there is almost invariably fever and gastric dis¬ 
turbance with the eruption. In fact, in many cases digestive dis¬ 
orders must be regarded as the immediate causes of the appear¬ 
ance of the exanthemata. Besides this, urticaria may be caused 
in special cases by the use of very innocent foods, (raw potatoes, 
lentils, etc.,) and by various other causes; so that we are justified 
in regarding the urticaria of animals as identical with the human 
disease of the same name. It is in reality, a vasomotor disturb¬ 
ance of the skin, dependent upon the most varied irritants. 
In horses and cattle urticaria appears as: 
a. Urticarial fever —accompanied by a fever of invasion, the 
wheals appear simultaneously on various portions of the body and 
may form confluent spots as large as the palm of the hand. Very 
rarely distinct vesicles are developed on account of the abundant 
exudation into the wheals; they then burst and become scabbed. 
There is neither intense reddening nor itching. Treatment is un¬ 
necessary, as the malady quickly disappears of itself. 
b. Urticaria chronica .—The wheals appear without febrile ac¬ 
companiment, are isolated and soon disappear. They are, how¬ 
ever, immediately replaced by new ones ; and so the malady may 
last for months, and generally disappear only after vigorous pur¬ 
gation (aloes) has been brought on. 
"n the pig urticaria is called nettle-fever. It appears as above 
described, with gastric symptoms and considerable febrile move- 
raent. The exanthema as a rule disappears spontaneously in a 
few days ; and only in rare cases is it necessary to use laxatives 
and clysters in addition to the relaxing food proper for these 
cases. 
8.—Erysipelas. 
By erysipelas we mean an inflammation of the external integ¬ 
ument occurring in the larger domesticated animals, mostly upon 
the extremities. It is distinguished by its tendency to rapid 
spreading, and is accompanied by a fever which deffervesees in a 
