COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 
235 
THE CAUSE OF DISLOCATION OF THE PATELLA. 
By M. V. Lari. 
That this condition is due to the fact that the patella is caught 
on the superior extremity of the femoral trochlea, has been 
proved long ago by Italian and French observers. The author 
had remarked that in the dislocation, the patella was often car¬ 
ried upwards and slightly inwards. To satisfy himself of the 
changes that might exist 7 he experimented on cadavers. Arti¬ 
ficially he produced the dislocation upon three horses, and then 
dissected the leg. In all the cases he found that the femoro- 
tibial joint was in extreme extension, the patella was carried up¬ 
wards but not inwards, and tightly bound to the femoral trochlea. 
The internal and middle patellar ligaments were in full stretch, 
and the patella caught by the superior extremity of the trochlea 
on its inner border. 
The post-mortem of a mule affected with an old luxation re¬ 
vealed the same alterations.— ISErcolani. 
COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 
PENNSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 
The one hundred and thirty-second commencement of the 
University of Pennsylvania and the second of the Veterinary 
Department were held at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia 
on the 6th of June ult. The degree of “ Veterinarise Medicinse 
Doctor” (V. M. D.) was granted to the following gentlemen. 
The class matriculated twenty-eight names at the opening of the 
session in 1885, and was augmented later by two members of the 
preceding class : 
Bachman, B. Frank... 
Balzer, Helmuth C...., 
Breisacher, L. W., Jr 
Felton, Howard B. 
Formad, Robert. 
Garrett, Caspar.. 
Hartman, Guldin R... 
Pennsylvania. 
..Connecticut. 
.Michigan. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
