GLANDERS. 
515 
since been confirmed by several other competent bacteriologists. 
It is found in the nasal secretions and ulcers of the mucous mem¬ 
brane, in the “ farcy-buds,” pustules and enlarged lymphatic 
glands of infected animals, and it is probable that it is also some¬ 
times present in the urine. 
It is a slender rod, somewhat similar in appearance to the 
well-known tubercle bacillus, but more uniform in size and some¬ 
what broader. In preparations stained with fuehsin or with 
Loffler’s solution of methyline blue, clear spaces are often seen 
in the rods, which have been thought by some authors to be spores, 
but this is doubtful, as Loffler has found that no development oc¬ 
curs after the bacilli have been exposed to a temperature of 55° 
C. (131° F.) for ten minutes. 
Pure cultures of this bacillus have been shown to produce 
typical glanders in horses and asses, and it is recognized by bac¬ 
teriologists as the cause of the disease. The disease may also be 
transmitted by inoculation to Guinea-pigs and to field-mice, which 
animals (preferably Guinea-pigs) may be used as a test of the 
infectious character of the nasal secretions of a suspected animal. 
Exact experiments have shown that the bacillus of glanders is 
killed by exposure for five minutes to a 5 per cent, solution of 
carbolic acid, or by a 1 to 5000 solution of corrosive sublimate. 
In practice it will be best to rely upon boiling water for the 
disinfection of all articles which can be immersed in it without 
injury—rope, halters, blankets, currycombs, bits, etc. To keep 
on the safe side, half an hour may be fixed as the standard time 
which articles to be disinfected shall be immersed in boiling 
water, or exposed to steam at a temperature of 212° F. 
Articles of leather should be repeatedly washed with a 5 per 
cent, solution of carbolic acid or a 1 to 1000 solution of corrosive 
sublimate; or immersed in such a solution for at least one hour. 
If the solution can be used hot, say 180° F., without injury to 
the material, this will be desirable. 
All exposed parts of an infected stable should be thoroughly 
and repeatedly (three or four times) washed with a hot solution 
of one of the above named disinfectants. The carbolic acid so¬ 
lution (5 per cent.) will be preferable on account of the poisonous 
