1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
85 
E/ISr DRIVIHG FOR A HORSE. 
Which Is easier on a horse In a drive 
of 10 miles—a regular steady trot or a plan 
of driving fast for a while and then walk¬ 
ing a short distance to rest? 
Use Horse Sense. —Horse sense is 
probably not much unlike man sense. 
If you could ask the horse he would, no 
doubt, say, “Regulate my gait according 
to the lay of the road and the weight 
of my load.” Try a 10-mile walk your¬ 
self. You would find yourself taking a 
slow gait up the grades, a steady gait on 
the level, and a faster gait down grade. 
Much depends, though, upon how and 
when the horse was fed before the drive. 
If he had just partaken of a full feed, 
I should give him a slow gait for the first 
few miles and a fast gait at the latter 
end, provided the lay of the road would 
permit. On the other hand, if the drive 
occurred just previous to feeding time 
the order would be reversed. So, then, 
if the good of the horse is to be con¬ 
sidered, let the driver use a little “horse 
sense” somewhat after these sugges¬ 
tions. w. A. B. 
Farmer, N. Y. 
Keep Them Going. —Ten miles is so 
short a distance that a horse which Is 
unable to step off the distance with two 
persons in a buggy, in an hour, without 
distress or strain of any kind is un¬ 
worthy of consideration as a roadster. 
My practice when making trips of 20 to 
25 miles is to make about eight to 10 
miles per hour, stepping them along 
smartly except when going down or up 
hill. I push them if in a hurry up grade 
at times, but never down, as I find that 
a horse will keep sound if given good 
care, even if pushed right along at a good 
smart gait, if allowed or made to go 
slow down hill or steep grade. Of course 
my horses are kept in hard-road condi¬ 
tion and are naturally good road horses. 
A horse out of condition could be ruined 
in a 10-mile drive, and, if a driver Is 
not a judge of condition, he had best 
let the horse take its own time unless a 
very ambitious one, when it should be 
held in check somewhat. My horses last 
me a good many years and stay sound, 
and some people call me a hard driver, 
but I don’t think my horses consider 
their lot a hard one. 
Vermont. c. a. chapman. 
A Doctor’s Horse. —Suppose we take 
a horse capable of traveling eight miles 
an hour; he would, I should say, ac¬ 
complish a task set him, of say 16 miles, 
with greater ease by varying his gait, 
going more slowly on an up-grade or 
steep down-grade, and making up for the 
time thus sacrificed by putting on extra 
speed on the stretches of level road and 
moderately down grades. Some experi¬ 
enced horsemen go so far as to say 
that a horse will get over an equal dis¬ 
tance with less suffering if the grade 
varies, than he would do if it were all 
on a dead level. This may be an exag¬ 
geration. It will, however, serve to il¬ 
lustrate the prevalence of the notion 
that the horse is helped by getting an 
occasional opportunity to move more 
slowly, or even to walk, although he 
may have to make up for the concession 
granted him by greater speed subse¬ 
quently. But obviously there can be no 
fixed rule applicable in all cases, under 
all circumstances. Something will de¬ 
pend upon the kind of a horse, that is, 
on the way it has been trained, some¬ 
thing on the weather, the road, direc¬ 
tion of the wind, etc., something on the 
condition of his stomach, whether it be 
full or empty. If homeward bound and 
near the end of his journey it will prob¬ 
ably do him no harm to keep right on 
without letting up. Some horses cannot 
be made to go fast and will yet keep up 
one steady jog. They take more after 
the tortoise than they do after the hare. 
Canada. o. e. 
Likes an Occasional Walk. —From 
my experience of six years as a com¬ 
mercial traveler, continually driving 
over all kinds of roads, in all kinds of 
weather, i would not trot a horse 10 
miles without letting him walk several 
times in that distance, on any kind of 
roads. When driving I watch the horse 
closely and see If I am driving him as 
best adapted to his condition or man¬ 
ner of travel. If he is a heavy, clumsy- 
gaited animal I trot him short distances, 
and if he seems to swing his feet easily 
and steadily I see that he can trot long¬ 
er than the heavy-gaited horse. I no¬ 
tice that there is a great difference in 
the way a horse is hitched. Let the har¬ 
ness fit neatly; have the tugs the prop¬ 
er length, and thills tight enough so he 
can handle the buggy easily—not too 
tight—but do not make the straps so 
loose that the rig will jerk and thills fiy 
as high as his back. Fix the check-rein 
so as to hold his head easy for travel. 
I never use an over check rein. If the 
horse holds his head too low give him 
more oats, wheat bran or oil meal and 
the best of care when at barn, using 
comb and brush morning and night and 
his head will come up higher (and per¬ 
haps his heels, too). When starting on 
a long drive I give the horse plenty of 
time at the start or after each meal, then 
I know he is good all day. If a man 
thinks a horse can trot 10 miles without 
walking several times let that man start 
out and run one mile without a walk 
and then give his own opinion. 
Pa. _ J. Q. K. 
Small Fruits in a Windy Country. 
One of our readers now located In North 
Dakota sends us the following question; 
“What are the chances of successful small 
fruit growing In southeastern South Da¬ 
kota, near Sioux Falls?’’ It seems to us 
like a hazardous undertaking to embark 
in fruit culture so far to the north and 
west; yet, there may be good openings 
there which we do not understand. 
Anb.—I consider the chances favor¬ 
able. By going into the business in the 
right way, most if not all of the small 
fruits can be successfully and profitably 
grown for market purposes in south¬ 
eastern South Dakota. There are many 
sheltered nooks with some natural tim¬ 
ber protection and groves, and shelter 
belts on the older farms that would af¬ 
ford good sheltered locations for the 
business to be found in near proximity 
to towns and railroads that I think very 
well adapted to the purpose. The great¬ 
est obstacles in the way are the dry 
winds that frequently sweep over the 
country, and the first requisite is to pro¬ 
vide for protection against them by 
plantinj shelter belts or wind-breaks of 
trees or shrubs on the outer sides from 
which the winds come (generally the 
west and southwest). These are very 
quickly formed by planting the White 
or Gray willow. Evergreen belts would 
be better, but are not so quickly avail¬ 
able and require shelter at the start. 
Even closely-planted rows of native 
plum trees (Prunus Americana), or the 
fast-growing varieties of the Siberian 
crab hybrids will answer the purpose 
well, and soon bring enough returns in 
fruit to cover the cost of care and cul¬ 
tivation. In large plantations in very 
exposed locations it would be beneficial 
to plant a single row of fruit trees 
rather closely (eight or 10 feet apart) 
about every 12 to 20 rods, according to 
situation. Soil should be chosen that 
is naturally fertile, of good depth, and 
that is not underlaid with loose gravel 
near the surface, and it should be well 
subdued by plowing and cultivating be¬ 
fore the small fruits are planted. Where 
strawberries are to be grown they should 
be planted sufficiently far enough away 
from the outside belt on the windward 
side, so that they will not receive the 
banks of snow that otherwise would be 
piled upon them in times of severe 
storms. It is best to plant the rows six 
or more feet apart. That distance gives 
more room between matted rows for 
cultivation (hill culture does not suc¬ 
ceed there); also to pile in windrows of 
straw or prairie hay for Winter protec¬ 
tion, but only about two inches of cov¬ 
ering should be placed over the plants. 
The windrow of straw or hay may be 
placed quite early in the Fall if there 
is ample moisture in the soil, but the 
plants should not be covered until Win¬ 
ter is about to set in. These windrows 
should be left until the picking season 
is ended, when they would better be re¬ 
moved and used for mulching trees or 
raspberry and blackberry patches, and 
the cultivation of the strawberries re¬ 
sumed. Without the wind-breaks it 
would be necessary to weight these 
windrows down with poles. They are a 
good protection, hold the light snows 
over the plants, and prevent excessive 
evaporation. Where this system of 
planting and arrangement is followed I 
think that if any pistillate varieties are 
grown it would be better to mix perfect 
varieties In the rows with them at the 
time of planting. Red raspberries will 
succeed very well if given Winter pro¬ 
tection by bending the canes down and ! 
covering with earth and straw or other 
mulching over the top. The Turner and 
Loudon are hardier than the Cuthbert. 
It is more difficult to manage the black¬ 
caps after the first Winter, and they 
need to be kept low by pinching back to 
cause bunching near the base of the 
canes. Rows of these may be planted 
outside of the strawberries and nearer 
to the wind-breaks, as they are less 
liable to be smothered by snowdrifts. 
Blackberries must have ample Winter 
protection by being laid down and cov¬ 
ered with earth over Winter. All bush 
and bramble fruits would require lib¬ 
eral mulching through the fruiting sea¬ 
son. I believe that an energetic young 
man who understands the business can 
find plenty of locations in that section 
where the business will bring better re¬ 
turns from the same amount of capital 
invested than he could in many localities 
that are considered more favorable for 
small-fruit culture. If in addition to 
suitable soil and shelter, water for irri¬ 
gation in times of great drought can 
conveniently be had. success is almost 
assured. j. s. Harris. 
When you writ# advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deaf.’’ See our guarantee 8ta page. 
W 8TAI 
K TREE$ SUCCEED WHERE 
Larg^est Nursery, OTHERS FAIL. 
Fruit Book Fret. Result of 76 years' experience. 
STARK BROS.. Louisiana, Mo.; Bansvillo, H«Y. 
Kieffer Pears, other Fruit and Orna¬ 
mental Trees, Grape Vines, Bnlbs and Roses. 
WILLIAM O. SNYDER, Minersvllle, Pa. 
’ork Imperial Apple, Peaches, 
Kieil’er Pears. Yon get what yon order. 
WOODVIEW NURSERIES, B. 100, Uriah, Pa 
TpCCC—Young budded Apple, Pear and Plum, 
I IllliCw lie. each. Send to G. C. STONE'S 
Wholesale Nurseries. Dansvllle, N. Y., for 80-page 
Catalogue. Secure varieties now; pay In Spring. 
THE SWEET HUESERYCO. 
Box 1005, Dansvllle, N. Y., grow and offer for sale 
reliable trees and plants at lowest market rates. Send 
to-day for catalog and prices. Nurseries Estab'd 1869 
f/ie lobe/>>»A 
roF ajVow r/f^ f/(ir/r 
• For Rogers Trees arc “true as 
steel.” When you read the label 
and plant the tree you know Just 
what the fruit will be. Budded 
from selected bearing trees, 
. bred tor purity, and bred to 
bear; healthy, clean, vigorous 
and well rooted. Our booklet, 
“The Tree Breeder,^^ 
will interest you. It’sFree. Special 
prices and discounts before March 1, 
1901. We can save you 
money and start you 
safe. Write to-day for \ 
full particulars. l(irlDul j 
The Rogers 
Nurseries, 
Tlte Tree Jlreeuers i 
Dansvllle. N. y.' 
Wineland Sweet Potatoes—Headquarters for 
choice selected seed; all leading varieties. 
Shipments made any time after February 1. Write 
for prices. H. TAYLOR, Box 40, Vineland, N. ,1. 
I n©’ 
POTATO^ 
Oro-wM by u» in ' 
'^AroostooK Co. Mail 
Pur»ity Guaranteed 
Hen R.V4 Elwelc & Co..A^'' 
i 0 Washington St. N e. 
If You’re a Seed Buyer 
" you should consult the best “ 
5eed Catalogue Published. 
Honest photographic illustrations. 
Mailed free to garden owners. 
I JOHNSON a STONES, 
Seeds! Seeds t 
77th Annual Priced Catalogne of 
Vegetable, Farm and Flower Seeds 
Is now ready and mailed free to all applicants. 
BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE 
37 Bast 19th Street, Mew York City. 
S eed CORN 
75c a Bu. and up. 
Michigan Northern Grown Is the earliest and pro¬ 
duces largest crops. Hammond’s Sixty Bay Flint, 
American iPrido Early Yellow Dent and Thor- 
oughbred W hite Itcnt are the 3 famous varieties to¬ 
day. American Pride made 197 bu. shelled corn per acre. 
Fifteen other sorts. Catalog fully describing these won¬ 
derful corns and other seeds sent free on request. 
HARRY N. HAMMONDSEED CO., 
Fomurlt/of Fifield. Box 4S8, Bay City, Mioh. 
GINSENG 
C its pn 
k telll 
years, Hook (eUlaghovr to grow tt,4e. 
LakesIdeGlnseng Gardens, Amber,N.Y 
Pnw Ppac~Farly Black, Whippoorwill and New 
UUW rcaa Kra. C. C. brown, Brldgeville, Dei. 
OBLIABLE FIELD SEEDS.—Canada Peas, $1.25 
bu. Early Mastodon Corn, $2, bag of 2 bu Cow 
Peas, Grass Seeds. Sample for 2c. stamp. State 
quantity wanted. E. G. PACKARD, Dover, Del. 
Clover Seed ® $6 to $7 per 
I or wBIO bu.; 500 bn. Crimson Clover Seed @ 
$5 per bu.; 2,000 bu. Cow Peas @ $1.26 to $1.75 per bu. 
3. E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
BUY ARTICHOKES NOW rcr 
60 barrels white variety Jerusalem Artichokes, 
only $2 per barrel. The cheapest and best hog-feed 
on record 1 raised 600 bushels on one acre of only 
fair land. Money must accompany order. Address 
P. H. HKYDENREICH, Staunton. Va. 
ASPARAGUS 
_ Address CHA8. H. MATHIS, 
U|IA¥C BlackviUe, 8. C. 
Mention this Paper. 
RASPBERRY 
Twenty Fine Blocks of Price List Free 
~ P L A N T 8 . C. C. NASH, 
Three Rivers, Mich. 
60 VARIETIES strawberry Plants, $2 per 
logne of fruit. 
1.000 up. Send for cata- 
H. W. HENRY, La Porte, Ind. 
STRAWBERRIES 
1 am prepared to supply choice plants of the most 
desirable market berries. Including “Johnson's 
Early.” Liberal discounts on large orders. Send for 
circular. O. A. JOHNSON, Manokin, Md. 
B 
!9 STRAWBERRIES. 
1 want 200f000 people to send for thb flnest plant eatitlorae 
.Ter published of strawberries, raspberries, blaekberries, 
fine fratt or noTeltles, earrents, grapes, &e, 16 years in thebo^ 
inesa. The most complete strawberry nursery in America. Send £oi 
catalogue today. Address, 
O. BRANDT, BoX 4 i 7 » BREMEN. OHIO. 
IHE THREE BEST BERRIES. 
Merserean Blackberry. Large, ironclad hard¬ 
iness, prolific, early, luscious. King Kaspberry. 
Very early, largest and brightest crimson. Lester 
Lovett. Latest, most beantiful and most profitable 
strawberry, lllnstrated and fully described in my 
Spring Catalogne. Also many other choice new 
and all the good old varieties of Strawberries, 
Raspberries, Blaekberries, Grapes, Currants, Goose¬ 
berries, Apples, Peaches, Pears, Plums, Cherries, 
Quinces, Nuts, etc. 
Mailed free to all applicants. 
J. T. LOVKTT, Little Silver, N. J. 
A Glittering Gold Field the Second Year. 
PALMER’S.TrYvSTRAWBERRY 
It Is with intense satisfaction that we can at last 
Introduce a new Early Strawberry, which bids fair to 
add millions to the wealth of the States and Nation, 
nd which will be hailed with delight by Fruit 
Growers, Dealers, and Consumers, throughout the 
world. In offering this remarkable Early Large 
Strawberry, we guarantee the Palmer to yield twice 
as much fruit as any other Early Berry, and ripen 
from 5 to 10 days earlier than any other Berry In cul¬ 
tivation. To all purchasers we will refund the sum 
paid for the Palmer Early, If It does not do as we 
claim the second year, so you have nothing to lose 
and all to gain. List Free. 
T. C. KEVIT'T, Athenia, New Jersey. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT CROW.” 
LUTHER—Most promising Extra Early, $3.50 per M. ROUGH RIDER—Best In 
other Strawberries. Also, Raspberry and Blackberry, Currant and Grape Plants. CAIALOGUE wttn 
CULTURAL INSTRUCTIONS FREE. C. K. WHITTEN, Bridgman, Mich. 
The Rough Rider Strawberry 
18 going to be more largely planted 
than any other strawberry in the next 
few years. We are headquarters for 
plants. Seven acFes of planting, more than live times as many as all others combined. Price 
reduced to 7.5 cents per dozen; *3 per 100; $'25 per 1,000 for early orders. Catalogue free. 
L. J, FARMER, Box 20, Pulaski, N. Y. 
A ^ HEADQUARTERS FUR HIGH GRADE 
; S* vSi!S!*"5^1ants and Seed Potatoes. 
^F Descriptive Catalogue Free to All. 
/FLANSBURGH & PEIRSON, Leslie, Rflloh. 
ROUGH RIDER,, 
SEN. DUNLAP, 
and other 
CUMBERLAND RASPBERRY, 
KINO OP MICHIGAN POTATO. 
